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This study explored the origins, evolution and influence of the tradition of San Lázaro as it currently pertains to the Cuban-American Santeria community in Miami. The main argument of the study is that in the context of the contemporary religious culture of Santeria in Miami, San Lázaro is a hybrid spirit. Many manifestations of healing entities have come to merge in the person of this spirit. Though practitioners identify with specific manifestations of this spirit, the processes of transmigration have blurred the lines of deep-rooted faiths and created a fusion of meanings from disparate traditions, making San Lázaro an ambivalent personality. San Lázaro’s ambivalence is the very quality that makes him such an important Orisha. As a deity whose personalities demonstrates the combination of a diversity of qualities, including those that contradict each other, San Lázaro is deployed in a very broad range of healing context, making him a versatile Orisha. This study clarified the contrasting qualities this deity embodies and traces the socio-historical context in which the deity acquires the layers of meanings it is currently associated with. Drawing on interviews with Lázaranian worshipers [Lázarenos] in Miami and engaging in Bourdieu’s concept of Habitus, the study provided a window into the nature of the tradition of San Lázaro and how its usage is linked with the African heritage of the worshipers.

Orientador: Jose Alves de Freitas Neto / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Cienciaa Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T03:03:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_RafaelPavanide_M.pdf: 769239 bytes, checksum: 224154f48b9eb63c28f91f4c4eb328a5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: O presente texto tem por objetivo apresentar e problematizar as transformações ocorridas no discurso político de Lázaro Cárdenas sobre a Revolução Mexicana, sobretudo no período que vai de 1934 a 1940. Por este caminho, busquei questionar os resultados políticos de tais mutações, principalmente no que se refere às suas possibilidades enquanto legitimadoras do poder presidencial e do novo governo estabelecido, tendo em vista que as situações nas quais se produziram tais alterações foram os sucessivos conflitos enfrentados pelo governo: em 1935-36, a disputa com Plutarco E. Calles, em 1938, a nacionalização do petróleo e, a partir daí, as acaloradas contendas políticas rumo às eleições para renovação do governo federal em 1940, como a rebelião cedillista ainda em 1938. Estes conflitos permitem destacar a importância da reconstituição do passado revolucionário como prática essencial da política cardenista e do próprio discurso como imprescindível na constituição da prática política. Ao considerar que os usos da Revolução constituíram um traço marcante dos discursos do general mexicano, o presente estudo busca o entendimento das propostas políticas, das disputas ideológicas e das relações de poder no período por meio dos conflitos em torno da construção de um simbolismo revolucionário. Pretende-se, com isso, tanto ressaltar a especificidade da história mexicana quanto os limites das políticas de Cárdenas frente às abordagens historiográficas que tendem a homogeneizar os regimes políticos da Ibero-América dos anos 1930 e 1940. Assim, ao refletir sobre as transformações do discurso de Cárdenas, busco também um debate específico com parte da bibliografia do tema, pois, à medida que se destaca a constante necessidade de adaptação da retórica cardenista, negociando com importantes interlocutores, é possível matizar a historiografia revisionista que, em uma leitura teleológica, atribuiu o mesmo poder e autoritarismo do estado mexicano dos anos 1960 ao dos anos 1930. Deste modo, ao propor o cardenismo como um fenômeno a ser pensado dentro dos marcos estabelecidos pela Revolução Mexicana, apresenta-se uma crítica à leitura do populismo cardenista, que produziu a idéia de um presidente simplesmente manipulador com um discurso antitético em relação a uma suposta realidade política, assim como ignorou especificidades do período buscando comparações com diferentes lideranças latino-americanas / Abstract: This work intends to present and to render problematic about the changing of Lázaro Cárdenas thought about Mexican Revolution, especially on the period of 1934 until 1940. Thus, I wanted to argue the political results and its consequences, mainly whether these results legitimated his president power and the new government established from that time on, because the circumstances in which those changes appeared were througout the successives conflicts that his government had to face: in 1935-36, there was the dispute with Plutarco E. Calles; in 1938, there was the petroleoum nationalization and, furthermore, the angy political fights marching on coming election for government renovation in 1940, as well the cedillista rebelion in 1938. These conflicts permit us to put on relief how important is to rebuild the revolutionary past as an essencial exercise of cardenista politic and as a vital part of political frame. Considering that the Revolution way of using composed an important aspect of Cárdenas speech, this work aims to understand political propositions, ideological disputes and power relationships on this time, observing the revolutionary simbolism construction. Therefore, the aim is detach the specificity of Mexican history, as well the politic of Cárdenas, even so the historiography has been broaching it like something homogeneous to other political governments in Iberian America among 1930 and 1940 years. Thus, to think about Cárdenas behaviour, I wanted to argue particularly with this bibliography, because there is a need to adapt his rethoric and understand that the revisionist historiography must be contested, given they made a teleological interpretation when imputed to Cárdenas the same power and authoritarianism that happened in Mexico on 1960's and 1930's. Therefore, my propose was to think the cardenismo as a peculiarity extremely limited within the frameworks established by the Mexican Revolution, and to present a criticism of the interpretation that see Cárdenas like a handler simply, who had a anti-ethical speech for an alleged political reality, ignoring the particularities of time, looking for comparisons with various Latin American leaders / Mestrado / Politica, Memoria e Cidade / Mestre em História

Lazaro Cardenas (1934-1940) did more than any other president to fulfill the goals of the Mexican Revolution of 1910, by nationalizing the oil industry, establishing rural schools, distributing an unprecedented amount of land to peasants, and encouraging the organization of workers. To gain international support for this domestic reform programme, the Cardenas government promoted these accomplishments to other Latin American nations. I argue that Cardenas attempted to attain a leadership position in inter-American relations by virtue of his pursuit of social and economic justice in domestic and foreign policy. I investigate the Cardenas government's projection of a Revolutionary image of Mexico and evaluate its reception in Latin America. In doing so, this dissertation expands the analysis of foreign policy to show that Mexico's relations with its Latin American neighbours were instrumental in shaping its foreign relations. I argue that the intersections between culture and diplomacy were central to this process.