This thesis explored the cognitive, character-inference process that Dirks & Skarlicki (2004) assert contributes to trust development. Self-reported transformational leadership, leader integrity, organizational justice, and leader prototypicality correlated positively with cognitive trust in this sample of 81 student employees (63% female, mean age 20.5) of a large southeastern university. Leader prototypicality, a cognitive evaluation process, partially mediated the relationship between leader integrity and trust. This study's prime contribution was the longitudinal, empirical test of a model of trust development in interdependent leader-follower dyads. Future research may explore other antecedents of trust, assess how the cognitive process of trust development occurs, or investigate the relationship-based social exchange mechanism Dirks and Skarlicki (2004) suggest contributes to the development of affective trust. / Master of Science

Background: Today ’s organizations receive increasing pressure from society and workers to maintain good work life balance. Flexible working arrangement is one of the HRM policies to improve employee’s work performance, job satisfaction and retention. Prior discussion still does not find the clear result on the positive effect of FWAs. Due to the administrative burdens, many organizations, especially SMEs are still hesitant to introduce such policies. In this study, the authors examine the effects on FWAs on employee’s improved engagement. The study will take a form of replicative study, and focus is on leader endorsement and feeling of respect in relation to leader prototypicality. Moreover, different circumstances of informal FWA based on size of the organization is explored. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to make contribution to create a cumulative knowledge on FWA studies by testing the generalization of a prior study. The result of this study will ultimately have an implication for how organizations may benefit from allowing their employees to have access to FWAs. Methodology:In this study, the authors use statistical approach to test the effect of FWA on employee’s improved feelings and the leader endorsement in relation to leader prototypicality. The research approach, measures, method and model are designed to be exactly same as Koivisto and Rice, (2016) however one change in research context is made, which is number of employees in the company. Conclusion: The result of the study shows that FWA allowance may not have significant influence on subordinates’ feeling of respect and leader endorsement. This implies the difficulty for leaders to use FWA as a tool to influence employee commitment on shared goal. Moreover, difference between prior finding indicates that FWA study may need to be separated for different size of the company. / <p></p><p></p>

The study analyses the assessment of leadership effectiveness performed by subordinates. In the dissertation, there will be introduced the criteria and how they will be applied during the assessment of leadership effectiveness, who will evaluate and what are those raters that give such a different feedback. The main aim of this research is to disclose what conditions of the evaluation (criteria from different theoretical background, applied research method), raters’ psychological (personality traits) and social perception (social identification, perceived leader prototypicality) factors are and how they are related to differences in the assessment of leadership effectiveness. It is expected that the assessment of leadership effectiveness performed by subordinates is not stable: it depends on conditions of the evaluation and raters’ psychosocial factors. The empirical part of the dissertation presents the results of cross-sectional quantitative survey (sample of 505 subordinates) with self-administered questionnaire and quasi-experimental scenario. The results show that assessment of leadership effectiveness performed by subordinates differs according to the applied research method, but tendencies of the evaluation based on criteria of behavioural theory and transformational leadership perspective are similar. Further analysis reveals that regardless of conditions of the evaluation, perceived leader prototypicality mostly affects the assessment of leadership effectiveness... [to full text] / Disertacijoje nagrinėjamas pavaldinių požiūris į realaus bei kvazi eksperimento scenarijuje aprašyto vadovo vadovavimo efektyvumą remiantis elgesio ir transformacinio vadovavimo teorijomis. Pristatant pavaldinių atliekamą vadovavimo efektyvumo vertinimą kalbama ne tik apie ką bei kaip bus klausiama vertinant vadovą, bet ir kas bei kokie yra tie vertintojai, pateikiantys skirtingus vertinimo rezultatus. Darbe siekiama išsiaiškinti, kokios vertinimo sąlygos (teoriniai efektyvaus vadovo kriterijai ir tyrimo metodas), vertintojų psichologinės (asmenybės bruožai) bei socialinio suvokimo (socialinė identifikacija su grupe ir vadovo prototipiškumas) charakteristikos ir kaip yra susiję su vadovavimo efektyvumo vertinime atsirandančiais skirtumais. Keliamos prielaidos, jog pavaldiniams vertinant vadovavimo efektyvumą, šio vertinimo rezultatai nėra stabilūs ir priklauso nuo vertinimo sąlygų bei psichosocialinių vertintojų charakteristikų. Empirinėje darbo dalyje pristatomi įvairiose Lietuvos organizacijose vykdyto tyrimo, kuriame dalyvavo 505 tiriamieji iš 20 skirtingo dydžio padalinių, rezultatai. Apibendrinus tyrimo duomenis nustatyta, kad pavaldiniams vertinant vadovavimo efektyvumą vertinimo rezultatų tendencijos skiriasi tik pagal pritaikytą tyrimo metodą, bet ne pagal pasirinktus teorinius efektyvaus vadovo kriterijus. Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, jog nepriklausomai nuo vertinimo sąlygų vadovavimo efektyvumo vertinimo rezultatus labiausiai lemia vadovo prototipiškumas. Vis dėlto... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]