Workers in modern teams that perform tasks over computer-mediated communication channels encounter challenges in building trust and performing effectively. Finding interventions to mitigate such losses could improve team performance. Collaborative critical thinking (CCT) training has the potential to improve trust, monitoring, and effectiveness in virtual teams. Using a simulated search-and-rescue task, the effects of CCT training, as compared with a control training, were evaluated in 105 three-member teams. No effects of CCT training were found on team positive or negative monitoring, team cognitive or affective trust, team efficacy, or team viability. However, teams trained in CCT reported consistently higher levels of team cooperation. Directions for future research are discussed so as to maximize the possibility that CCT might yet be an effective intervention.

This thesis explored the cognitive, character-inference process that Dirks & Skarlicki (2004) assert contributes to trust development. Self-reported transformational leadership, leader integrity, organizational justice, and leader prototypicality correlated positively with cognitive trust in this sample of 81 student employees (63% female, mean age 20.5) of a large southeastern university. Leader prototypicality, a cognitive evaluation process, partially mediated the relationship between leader integrity and trust. This study's prime contribution was the longitudinal, empirical test of a model of trust development in interdependent leader-follower dyads. Future research may explore other antecedents of trust, assess how the cognitive process of trust development occurs, or investigate the relationship-based social exchange mechanism Dirks and Skarlicki (2004) suggest contributes to the development of affective trust. / Master of Science

The purpose of this thesis is to gain an understanding of how public agencies can increase theirbrand trust by adapting technologies and digital strategies which target inclusiveness forsocially vulnerable groups. To obtain the research purpose, the study explores how the SwedishTax Agency work to adapt its digital tools and the ways in which these digital tools contributeto gaining brand trust. The study was conducted as a qualitative single case study where datawas mainly collected using secondary data of official data published by the Swedish TaxAgency. In addition, employees at Swedish Tax Agency were interviewed, using a semistructured interview as the primary data collection method. The study concludes that there is aneed of both cognitive and affective trust in understanding how agencies can gain brand trustin e-government. They can also be corroborated with both traditional marketing literature andwith more recent literature in e-government.

This study endeavoured to uncover the trust experiences of individuals involved in business alliances between traditional companies (TCs) and historically disadvantaged institutions (HDIs) with a view to constructing a model that would facilitate a better understanding of organisational trust within these institutions. The theoretical study proposed a theoretical model of trust in the alliances between TCs and HDIs within an economic empowerment domain. The empirical study employed Q methodology to investigate the trust experiences of the participants. The 25 individuals who participated in the study were selected by means of both non-probability purposive and snowball sampling The participants were presented with the Q sample containing 50 items which they had to sort in accordance with the instruction given. The post-Q sorting interview was conducted to give the participants a chance to expound on their reasoning for the sorting of the Q sample. Data were analysed using Pearson product-moment correlation and factor analysis. Six factors revealed participants’ experiences of trust in the alliances: Factor A (Sincerity trust alliances), Factor B (Values trust alliances), Factor C (Duped trust alliances), Factor D (Vigilant trust alliances), Factor E (Deceitful trust alliances) and Factor F (Inclination to trust alliances). The trust experiences of the six groups were used to theorise about the association between the participants’ trust experiences and their performance on the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). In the main, the study found that groups that had pleasant trust experiences with their partner organisations exhibited have high positive affect (PA) and low negative affect (NA). Although exploratory in nature, the study contributed an empirically derived theoretical framework of cognitive and affective trust within business alliances that may be further investigated in future research endeavours. In this was it identified and proposed a modus operandi for closing the trust gap. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / D. Com. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

公務人員考績制度設計的良窳勢將影響受考人對組織信任的程度及工作士氣，考試為改善公務人員單向考核之缺失，於公務人員考績法修正草案中，增列「考績面談」新措施，提供主管與部屬溝通討論機關的績效目標與工作表現的機會，希望藉此提升考績結果的信度及效度，改善部屬工作績效，達到提升我國文官行政效能的目的，其立意雖好，然而組織革新成功與否最重要的關鍵因素，在於組織成員的信任程度，因為組織成員間若缺乏信任，所有的改革工作都將流於形式或遭遇阻礙。 是以，本研究目的在探討組織信任對考績面談制度成效的影響，其中組織信任係採McAllister的分類，將組織信任區分為認知型信任及情感型信任，而考績面談制度成效則有公平性、滿意度接受度、工作投入、組織承諾。另一項研究目的則在探討人口統計變項（性別、年齡、教育程度、官等、年資、機關規模及主管職位）對組織信任與考績面談制度成效間是否會產生調節效果。 本研究以問卷調查的方式，於106年8月5日起至8月21日止，按臺北市各區公所106年5月份薦任、委任公務人員比例，以分層抽樣的方式進行抽測，共發出300份題本式問卷，回收問卷276份，有效問卷為230份，所得資料以SPSS統計分析，研究結果如下： 1.臺北市區公所同仁對主管的認知型信任及情感型信任達中度以上的水準。 2.臺北市區公所同仁對考績面談制度持中度以上的認同程度。 3.組織信任對考績面談制度具有顯著的正向影響力。 4.人口統計變項中除教育程度外，其他人口統計變項對組織信任與考績面談制度成效會產生削弱或增強的調節效果。 最後，依據此分析結果，對組織信任與考績面談制度提出實務上的具體建議，及未來的研究建議，為爾後全面實施考績面談預作準備。 / The positive or negative aspects of the setup of a system of performance evaluation of civil servants is bound to influence the level of trust of the evaluated personnel in the system as well as their work motivation. Examinations are supposed to amend the shortcomings from one-way evaluations of civil servants. In the draft for the Civil Service Performance Evaluation Act a new measure named “Evaluation Interview” was added. This provides superiors and subordinates with the opportunity to communicate and discuss performance targets and the work performance in public authorities. There was the expectation that this measure would raise the level of trust and validity of the evaluation results , improve the work performance of subordinate personnel and reach the goal of raising the administrative efficiency of civil servants in Taiwan. While the intention of introducing this measure is positive, the key factor to determine success or failure of organisational changes lies in the level of trust from the members of the organisation. If the members of an organisation lack a certain level of trust, reform measures will merely result in formal changes or may be met with obstruction. Therefore, the goal of this research is to study the influence of organisational trust on the efficiency of the system of evaluation interviews. McAllister classification is used for analysing organisational trust, which is differentiated by cognitive trust and emotional trust. The effect of the system of evaluation interviews is based on fairness, satisfaction, acceptance, work engagement and loyalty towards the organisation. A further goal of this research is to study whether the variables of demographic statistics (gender, age, educational level, official rank, length of service, size of public authority and position of superior) have a regulating effect on the efficiency of the relationship between organisational trust and the system of evaluation interviews. This research carried out the study between 5 August and 21 August 2017 in the form of questionnaires. According to the proportion of promoted and appointed civil servants in the district offices of Taipei City in May 2017 a stratified sample test was carried out and 300 itemised questionnaires were sent out. The return rate was 276 questionnaires, of which 230 were valid. The obtained data was analysed with SPSS and produced the following research results: 1.the civil servants in the District Offices of Taipei City maintain a level of cognitive and emotional trust in their superiors which is above the medium level, 2.the level of acceptance of the system of evaluation interviews by the civil servants in the District Offices of Taipei City is above the medium level, 3.organisational trust has a significant positive influence on the system of performance evaluation interview, 4.Except for the variable of the level of education, all other demographic statistical variables have a weakening or intensifying regulating effect on organisational trust and the system of evaluation interviews. Finally, practical and specific proposals to enhance organisational trust and to improve the system of evaluation interviews are made on the basis of the results of this analysis as well as suggestions for further future research in order to be prepared for full-scale implementation of the system of evaluation interviews.

Genom digitalisering av samhället och teknologins utveckling har marknadsföringsstrategier progressivt reformerats, från att uppmärksamma produkter mot konsumenten till att istället sätta konsumenten i fokus. Genom avancerade algoritmer, Business Intelligence och digitala DNA spår har det blivit möjligt att individualisera och rikta marknadsföring mot konsumentens intressen och även förutse individens konsumentbeteende. Samtidigt uttrycker individer ett stort värde för anonymitet och integritet online. Trots detta fortsätter konsumenter att frivilligt att lämna sin persondata, främst via olika kundklubbar, internet och sociala medier. Detta beteende påvisar en så kallad “privacy paradox”. Privacy paradox syftar på medvetenhet och oro kring utgivandet av persondata samtidigt som man agerar annorlunda. Avsikten med denna studie var att utforska om fenomenet privacy paradox existerar inom svenska konsumenters handlingar och konsumentens medvetenhet kring användning av personlig data för riktad marknadsföring online. Det empiriska materialet i denna studie består av semi-strukturerade intervjuer med sju olika respondenter gällande deras medvetenhet, tillit och integritet online. Resultatet analyserades med hjälp av den tematiska strategin för att lättare identifiera beetendemönster som respondenterna utgav. Slutligen besvaras fenomenet privacy paradox hos svenska konsumenter genom tre forskningsfrågor 1.​“Hur medvetna är svenska konsumenter om den information som de delar med sig av, i synnerhet inom riktad marknadsföring?” 2.​“Hur mycket värnar svenska konsumenter om sin integritet?” ​3.​“ Påvisar svenska konsumenter privacy paradox och varför?”. Majoriteten av respondenterna var medvetna om personliga uppgifter online, dock varierade medvetenheten om vad för information som fanns tillgänglig både för privata användare och verksamheter. Man sa sig även värna om sin integritet men ens handlingar stödde inte detta till fullo. Med hjälp av denna studie fann man att fenomenet privacy paradox existerar hos de svenska konsumenter som deltog under denna studie. Anledningar till dessa var bland annat att man inte vill bli exkluderad från samhället och det kognitiva förtroendet till verksamheter. Man litar på att de gör rätt för sig. Värnande om integritet visades då genom att man minskade mängden personinformation som andra privatpersoner kunde komma åt. En annan anledning som uppkom var svårigheten i att bryta vanor och beteendemönster. Därför fortsätter man agera på samma sätt som tidigare, trots ny kunskap samt GDPR. Respondenter hade olika nivåer av förståelse riktad marknadsföring. Det majoriteten inte var medvetna om var mängden av lagrad information samt hur den samlas in t.ex. genom cookies. / Through digitalisation of the society and the technological development, the marketing strategies has progressively been reformed. From mainly giving attention to the product towards the consumers to instead place the consumer in the center of attention. Subsequently advanced algorithms, Business Intelligence and digital DNA tracing has enabled individualisation and target marketing, for the interest of the consumer, this also gave access to predict consumer behaviour. Meanwhile individuals put a big value on anonymity and integrity online. Despite this consumers keep sharing their data voluntary, primarily through customer clubs, the internet and social media. This behaviour demonstrates a so called “privacy paradox”. Privacy paradox refers consumers awareness and concern about sharing personal data, while still sharing their information. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the phenomenon of privacy paradox exists in Swedish consumers actions and the consumer’s awareness of the use of personal data for targeted online marketing. The empirical material in this study exists of semi-structured interviews with 7 different respondents regarding their consciousness, trust and integrity online. The results were analyzed through the thematic strategy to easily identify behavioural patterns that the respondents showed. Lastly, the phenomenon of privacy paradox in Swedish consumers is answered through three research questions 1. ​“How aware are Swedish consumers regarding the information they share, particularly in target marketing? ​2. ​“How much does the Swedish consumer care about their integrity?” ​3. ​“Does the Swedish consumer show privacy paradox and why?”. The majority of the respondents were aware that personal information exists online. The awareness regarding what kind of information that is available for both private users and organisations varied. While respondents mentioned that they want to protect their privacy, their actions proved otherwise. With the help of this study, we could conclude that the phenomenon named privacy paradox exists through the information gathered from the swedish consumers that participated in this study. Reasons being the willingness to not be excluded from society and the cognitive trust towards organizations. You trust that they do the right thing. Respondents protected privacy by reducing the amount of personal information other individuals could access. Another reason that was brought up was the difficulty in changing habits and behaviour. Therefore respondents continued doing the same things as before, despite new knowledge and GDPR. Respondents showed different levels of understanding regarding targeted marketing. However the majority was not aware of the amount of stored information and how it is collected, for example through cookies.