Il presente studio si inserisce nel quadro di quel prolifico filone di studi che ormai da anni cerca di indagare il mondo dei network, analizzandone le ricadute organizzative, sia in termini di profitto, sia in termini di accrescimento della conoscenza organizzativa. L’idea di fondo, già ampiamente dibattuta, è che il network contribuisca efficacemente al miglioramento delle performance aziendali, generando fiducia e conoscenza attraverso una varietà di alleanze (orizzontali, verticali, trasversali…) e di legami (forti, deboli). In particolare, e questo è il focus principale del lavoro, ciò che ho voluto sottolineare è il ruolo particolare che le attività di networking possono esercitare durante le fasi di start up, quando cioè l’azienda prende forma e si costituisce: è durante questa fase che l’esistenza o meno di alleanze costituisce infatti un chiaro elemento differenziante, contribuendo al successo di quelle imprese che più di altre trovano nel sistema delle reti un valido ed efficace supporto al loro sviluppo. In sintesi, l’obiettivo di quest’analisi è stato quello di evidenziare l’impatto del networking, sia sugli asset finanziari, sia sulla generazione di nuove conoscenze e quindi sull’innovazione. In particolare, recuperando il concetto di learning economy, si è cercato di dimostrare il forte legame che esiste tra conoscenza e innovazione, soffermandosi in special modo sul cosiddetto “effetto spillover”. / This research is embedded in a prolific strand of studies investigating the world of networks with the aim to understand how they can generate organisational benefits, both in terms of profit and organisational knowledge. The driving idea, already extensively discussed, is that network-based organisations can achieve better performances, generating trust and knowledge through a variety of alliances (horizontal, vertical, transversal…) and ties (strong, weak…). In particular, aim of the present research is to stress the networking contribution to the start-up phase, when firms are established. Indeed it is during this phase that the existence or not of alliances makes the difference, contributing to the success of firms operating in a network-based system and recognizing its important contribution to the business results. In synthesis, goal of this analysis was to highlight the impact of networking activities, either on the financial assets or on the generation of innovation through the spread of new ideas. In particular, resorting to the concept of “learning economy”, I attempted to demonstrate the strong ties existing between knowledge and innovation, with a particular emphasis on the so-called “spillover effect”.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第23778号 / 医博第4824号 / 新制||医||1057(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 黒田 知宏, 教授 溝脇 尚志, 教授 波多野 悦朗 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Denna studie baserad på aktionsforskning har som mål att skapa en positiv känsla kring utevistelse hos eleverna. Detta genom äventyrs- och utomhuspedagogik där eleverna möter ett upplevelsebaserat lärande. Utvecklingsarbetet genomfördes på en centralt placerad skola med god möjlighet till skogsmiljö. I vår nulägesanalys uppdagades det att eleverna uppfattade det som tråkigt att vara utomhus och ville hellre vara inomhus istället och därför valde vi att genomföra vårt arbete. Detta pågick två dagar i veckan under fyra veckors tid på fritidshemmet. Vid varje tillfälle förde vi en dialog med eleverna om deras uppfattning och utifrån denna kunde vi förstå att eleverna tyckte att det var ett roligt arbete och uppfattade det som något roligt att gå ut. Vid flera tillfällen bad eleverna oss att vi skulle gå till skogen och även pedagogerna som arbetar på fritidshemmet blev deltagare i arbetet. Vi hade ett relativt högt deltagarantal och främst vid vårt sista arbete som också blev det mest lyckade. Pedagogerna kände sig motiverade till att genomföra ett fortsatt arbete med samma utgångspunkt som oss och eleverna tyckte att det var tråkigt att vi inte skulle fortsätta en längre tid.

Vienas iš svarbiausių vadybos uždavinių yra darbuotojų ugdymas t.y. jų bendrųjų ir specialiųjų kompetencijų (gebėjimų) tobulinimas. Šio darbo tikslas - ištirti smulkių ir mikro įmonių vadybinį darbą dirbančių darbuotojų ir jų darbdavių požiūrį į darbuotojų vadybinius gebėjimus ir jų tobulinimo galimybes, bei remiantis gautais rezultatais suformuoti vadybinių gebėjimų modelį. Šio darbo metu gauti rezultatai naudingi mažoms ir mikro įmonėms, bei jų vadovams, kadangi išryškinti darbuotojų vadybinių gebėjimų trūkumai ir privalumai, padėsiantys vadovus daugiau dėmesio atkreipti į problemines sritis. Tuo pačiu remiantis teorine mokslinės literatūros analize, bei praktiniu tyrimo suformuotas vadybinių gebėjimų modelis. / One of the most important management tasks is employees’ development that means their general and specific competences (skills) improvement. The goal of this work is to survey small and micro enterprises employees which do managerial work and their employers attitude to employees managerial skills and its improvement possibilities. Also according to obtained results to form managerial skills model. The results of this work will be useful to small and micro enterprises and their managers, because there will be spot employees managerial skills disadvantage and advantage, which will help to put more attention on problematic fields. Furthermore, according to the scientific literature and the survey to form managerial skills model.

Le Trouble Développemental de la Coordination (TDC) se caractérise par une altération des habiletés motrices. Si le déficit du contrôle moteur est univoque, les études testant un déficit d'apprentissage procédural moteur restent peu nombreuses et aboutissent à des résultats divergents. L'objectif principal de ce travail est de mettre en évidence les conditions dans lesquelles les enfants présentant un TDC manifestent ou non un déficit d'apprentissage procédural et de la mémoire procédurale. Quatre études ont été menées pour comparer l'apprentissage procédural moteur d'enfants présentant un TDC et d'enfants contrôles. Nous avons testé des tâches comportementales d'apprentissage variées telles que l'apprentissage d'une nouvelle coordination bimanuelle, l'apprentissage de séquences perceptivo-motrices et l'apprentissage de séquences motrices rythmiques dans différentes conditions. Nous avons investigué les corrélats cérébraux fonctionnels et structurels associés, en utilisant l'électroencéphalographie ou l'imagerie par résonance magnétique. Les résultats indiquent des différences comportementales et cérébrales lors de tâches d'apprentissage, révélées par des variables spécifiques. De plus, certaines conditions expérimentales ont amélioré l'apprentissage procédural et la mémoire procédurale des enfants présentant un TDC. Ces résultats amènent à penser que les conditions favorisant l'apprentissage et la mémoire procédurale des enfants présentant un TDC pourraient contribuer à une meilleure prise en charge. / Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is characterized by impaired motor skills. While the motor control deficit is unambiguous, studies testing motor procedural learning are few and lead to contradictory results. The main objective of this work is to understand the conditions under which children with DCD demonstrate a procedural learning and procedural memory deficits. Four studies were conducted to compare the motor procedural learning of children with and without DCD. We tested various learning behavioural tasks such as learning a new bimanual coordination, learning perceptual-motor sequences and learning rhythmic motor sequences in different conditions. We investigated the associated functional and structural brain correlates, using electroencephalography and magnetic resonance imaging. The results indicate some behavioural and brain differences during learning tasks, revealed by specific variables. In addition, some experimental conditions have improved the procedural learning and procedural memory of children with DCD. These results suggest that conditions in which procedural learning and memory of children with DCD are improved could contribute to better therapeutic interventions.

<p dir="ltr">There is a growing need to reconstruct high quality tomographic images from sparse view measurements to accommodate time and space constraints as well as patient well-being in medical CT. Analytical methods perform poorly with sub-Nyquist acquisition rates. In extreme cases with 4 or fewer views, effective reconstruction approaches must be able to incorporate side information to constrain the solution space of an otherwise under-determined problem. This thesis presents two sparse view tomography problems that are solved using techniques that exploit. knowledge of the structural and physical properties of the scanned objects.</p><p dir="ltr"><br></p><p dir="ltr">First, we reconstruct four view CT datasets obtained from an in-situ imaging system used to observe Kolsky bar impact experiments. Test subjects are typically 3D-printed out ofhomogeneous materials into shapes with circular cross sections. Two advanced prior modelsare formulated to incorporate these assumptions in a modular fashion into the iterativeradiographic inversion framework. The first is a Multi-Slice Fusion and the latter is TotalVariation regularization that operates in cylindrical coordinates.</p><p dir="ltr"><br></p><p dir="ltr">In the second problem, artificial neural networks (NN) are used to directly invert a temporal sequence of four radiographic images of discontinuities propagating through an imploding steel shell. The NN is fed the radiographic features that are robust to scatter and is trained using density simulations synthesized as solutions to hydrodynamic equations of state. The proposed reconstruction pipeline learns and enforces physics-based assumptions of hydrodynamics and shock physics to constrain the final reconstruction to a space ofphysically admissible solutions.</p>