O presente trabalho tem como objetivo a análise da atuação da jurisprudência como base de confiança no contexto do ordenamento jurídico, na vigência da Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988. Especial atenção será dispensada à construção dos contornos da autovinculação do Poder Judiciário, que permite que o indivíduo possa ter a legítima expectiva de que o entendimento adotado pela jurisprudência será aplicado a seu caso e, em consequência, possa legitimamente definir sua conduta com base nesse entendimento, permitindo, por consequência, que a jurisprudência atue como base de confiança. Receberão atenção especial também os elementos que permitem aferir a aptidão da jurisprudência para gerar confiança e avaliar a evolução da capacidade da jurisprudência para gear confiança no tempo. A pesquisa desenvolvida é exploratória quanto a sua técnica e justificativa quanto a seu objetivo. É exploratória, porque busca no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, na jurisprudência do Supremo Tribunal Federal e do Superior Tribunal de Justiça assim como na doutrina elementos que permitam compreender a atuação da jurisprudência como base de confiança; é justificativa quanto a seu objetivo, pois busca compreender os fenômenos jurídicos envolvidos na atuação da jurisprudência como base de confiança, buscando explicálos adequadamente e identificar, no âmbito do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, os elementos que permitem construir a autovinculação do Poder Judiciário e que possibilitam estabelecer critérios para a aferição da aptidão da jurisprudência para gerar confiança. Deste estudo resulta que a autovinculação do Poder Judiciário no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro e a definição de seus contornos podem ser reconstruídas não apenas a partir de princípios estruturantes — como o princípio da igualdade e o princípio da segurança jurídica — e de postulados hermenêuticos — como o postulado da unidade e o postulado da coerência —, mas também dos diversos mecanismos que visam a assegurar que, uma vez que a interpretação do texto normativo pelo Poder Judiciário atingiu determinado grau de definitividade, ela seja adotada nos outros casos sujeitos à aplicação da norma, seja pelo Poder Judiciário, seja pela Administração Pública, exigindo-se que os indivíduos se conformem com a aplicação dessa interpretação, a partir dos quais pode ser induzida uma regra geral segundo a qual: a) o Poder Judiciário deve uniformizar e estabilizar a interpretação dada aos textos normativos e o conteúdo das normas a partir deles reconstruídas; b) uma vez uniformizado e estabilizado o conteúdo da norma, ele deverá ser adotado pelo Poder Judiciário e pela Administração Pública nos demais casos em que a norma for aplicável; e c) os indivíduos devem se conformar com essa aplicação. Resulta, também, que a utilização pelo Poder Judiciário (e, em alguns casos, também pela Administração Pública) de mecanismos processuais cuja aplicação pressupõe a existência de jurisprudência que ostente as características que a tornam apta a atuar como base de confiança fornece elementos para que se afira se a jurisprudência está apta a atuar como base de confiança e para acompanhar a evolução no tempo da capacidade da jurisprudência de gerar confiança e da intensidade da confiança gerada. / This work aims at analyzing precedents as the basis for legitimate expectation within the Brazilian legal system under the 1988 Constitution, especially concerning the definition of the circunstances under what will a precedent be considered binding, allowing individuals to legitimately expect that their cases will be ruled in accordance with the suitable precedent, and of the conditions for precedents to be deemed suitable to serve as grounds for legitimate expectation and of the criteria to gauge whether precedents can generate expectation. Attention will be given also to the criteria to assess whether case law generates confidence and to follow the evolution of its capability of generating confidence. This research conducted is exploratory as to its method and justificatory as to its objective. It is exploratory because it seeks to find within the Brazilian legal system and case law, as well as within doctrine, instruments to understand the role of precedents as grounds for legitimate expectation. It is justificatory as to its objective in that it seeks to understand the legal phenomena involved in precedents as the grounds for legitimate expectation, by seeking to explain such phenomena properly and to identify within the Brazilian legal system the conditions that must be present for precedent to become the grounds for legitimate expectation and the criteria that can be applied to assess whether precedent is suitable to generate expectation. This study has demonstrated that the hypothesis in which judicial courts must follow precedents can be defined not only according to principles and postulates, but also in accordance with the mechanisms provided for in the Brazilian legal system to ensure that, once the judiciary has consolidated the interpretation of a given legislative text, said interpretation is adopted in other cases that are subject to the application of the precedent whether by the judiciary or by public authorities, while demanding that individuals comply with the application of this interpretation. From these mechanisms, a general rule can be drawn whereby: a) the judiciary should standardize and consolidate the interpretation given to legislative texts and the content of the rules drawn therefrom; b) once the content of the rules are standardized and consolidated, they must be adopted by the judiciary and by the public administration in other cases to which the same standard applies; and c) individuals must comply with such application. This general rule evidences the boundaries of the binding effects of the precedents within the Brazilian legal system and the suitability of precedents as grounds for legitimate expectation, as a means to define the behavior to be adopted by the individual. These mechanisms also allow for the definition of the criteria to assess whether case law generates confidence and to follow the evolution of its capability of generating confidence.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo a análise da atuação da jurisprudência como base de confiança no contexto do ordenamento jurídico, na vigência da Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988. Especial atenção será dispensada à construção dos contornos da autovinculação do Poder Judiciário, que permite que o indivíduo possa ter a legítima expectiva de que o entendimento adotado pela jurisprudência será aplicado a seu caso e, em consequência, possa legitimamente definir sua conduta com base nesse entendimento, permitindo, por consequência, que a jurisprudência atue como base de confiança. Receberão atenção especial também os elementos que permitem aferir a aptidão da jurisprudência para gerar confiança e avaliar a evolução da capacidade da jurisprudência para gear confiança no tempo. A pesquisa desenvolvida é exploratória quanto a sua técnica e justificativa quanto a seu objetivo. É exploratória, porque busca no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, na jurisprudência do Supremo Tribunal Federal e do Superior Tribunal de Justiça assim como na doutrina elementos que permitam compreender a atuação da jurisprudência como base de confiança; é justificativa quanto a seu objetivo, pois busca compreender os fenômenos jurídicos envolvidos na atuação da jurisprudência como base de confiança, buscando explicálos adequadamente e identificar, no âmbito do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, os elementos que permitem construir a autovinculação do Poder Judiciário e que possibilitam estabelecer critérios para a aferição da aptidão da jurisprudência para gerar confiança. Deste estudo resulta que a autovinculação do Poder Judiciário no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro e a definição de seus contornos podem ser reconstruídas não apenas a partir de princípios estruturantes — como o princípio da igualdade e o princípio da segurança jurídica — e de postulados hermenêuticos — como o postulado da unidade e o postulado da coerência —, mas também dos diversos mecanismos que visam a assegurar que, uma vez que a interpretação do texto normativo pelo Poder Judiciário atingiu determinado grau de definitividade, ela seja adotada nos outros casos sujeitos à aplicação da norma, seja pelo Poder Judiciário, seja pela Administração Pública, exigindo-se que os indivíduos se conformem com a aplicação dessa interpretação, a partir dos quais pode ser induzida uma regra geral segundo a qual: a) o Poder Judiciário deve uniformizar e estabilizar a interpretação dada aos textos normativos e o conteúdo das normas a partir deles reconstruídas; b) uma vez uniformizado e estabilizado o conteúdo da norma, ele deverá ser adotado pelo Poder Judiciário e pela Administração Pública nos demais casos em que a norma for aplicável; e c) os indivíduos devem se conformar com essa aplicação. Resulta, também, que a utilização pelo Poder Judiciário (e, em alguns casos, também pela Administração Pública) de mecanismos processuais cuja aplicação pressupõe a existência de jurisprudência que ostente as características que a tornam apta a atuar como base de confiança fornece elementos para que se afira se a jurisprudência está apta a atuar como base de confiança e para acompanhar a evolução no tempo da capacidade da jurisprudência de gerar confiança e da intensidade da confiança gerada. / This work aims at analyzing precedents as the basis for legitimate expectation within the Brazilian legal system under the 1988 Constitution, especially concerning the definition of the circunstances under what will a precedent be considered binding, allowing individuals to legitimately expect that their cases will be ruled in accordance with the suitable precedent, and of the conditions for precedents to be deemed suitable to serve as grounds for legitimate expectation and of the criteria to gauge whether precedents can generate expectation. Attention will be given also to the criteria to assess whether case law generates confidence and to follow the evolution of its capability of generating confidence. This research conducted is exploratory as to its method and justificatory as to its objective. It is exploratory because it seeks to find within the Brazilian legal system and case law, as well as within doctrine, instruments to understand the role of precedents as grounds for legitimate expectation. It is justificatory as to its objective in that it seeks to understand the legal phenomena involved in precedents as the grounds for legitimate expectation, by seeking to explain such phenomena properly and to identify within the Brazilian legal system the conditions that must be present for precedent to become the grounds for legitimate expectation and the criteria that can be applied to assess whether precedent is suitable to generate expectation. This study has demonstrated that the hypothesis in which judicial courts must follow precedents can be defined not only according to principles and postulates, but also in accordance with the mechanisms provided for in the Brazilian legal system to ensure that, once the judiciary has consolidated the interpretation of a given legislative text, said interpretation is adopted in other cases that are subject to the application of the precedent whether by the judiciary or by public authorities, while demanding that individuals comply with the application of this interpretation. From these mechanisms, a general rule can be drawn whereby: a) the judiciary should standardize and consolidate the interpretation given to legislative texts and the content of the rules drawn therefrom; b) once the content of the rules are standardized and consolidated, they must be adopted by the judiciary and by the public administration in other cases to which the same standard applies; and c) individuals must comply with such application. This general rule evidences the boundaries of the binding effects of the precedents within the Brazilian legal system and the suitability of precedents as grounds for legitimate expectation, as a means to define the behavior to be adopted by the individual. These mechanisms also allow for the definition of the criteria to assess whether case law generates confidence and to follow the evolution of its capability of generating confidence.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo a análise da atuação da jurisprudência como base de confiança no contexto do ordenamento jurídico, na vigência da Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988. Especial atenção será dispensada à construção dos contornos da autovinculação do Poder Judiciário, que permite que o indivíduo possa ter a legítima expectiva de que o entendimento adotado pela jurisprudência será aplicado a seu caso e, em consequência, possa legitimamente definir sua conduta com base nesse entendimento, permitindo, por consequência, que a jurisprudência atue como base de confiança. Receberão atenção especial também os elementos que permitem aferir a aptidão da jurisprudência para gerar confiança e avaliar a evolução da capacidade da jurisprudência para gear confiança no tempo. A pesquisa desenvolvida é exploratória quanto a sua técnica e justificativa quanto a seu objetivo. É exploratória, porque busca no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, na jurisprudência do Supremo Tribunal Federal e do Superior Tribunal de Justiça assim como na doutrina elementos que permitam compreender a atuação da jurisprudência como base de confiança; é justificativa quanto a seu objetivo, pois busca compreender os fenômenos jurídicos envolvidos na atuação da jurisprudência como base de confiança, buscando explicálos adequadamente e identificar, no âmbito do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, os elementos que permitem construir a autovinculação do Poder Judiciário e que possibilitam estabelecer critérios para a aferição da aptidão da jurisprudência para gerar confiança. Deste estudo resulta que a autovinculação do Poder Judiciário no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro e a definição de seus contornos podem ser reconstruídas não apenas a partir de princípios estruturantes — como o princípio da igualdade e o princípio da segurança jurídica — e de postulados hermenêuticos — como o postulado da unidade e o postulado da coerência —, mas também dos diversos mecanismos que visam a assegurar que, uma vez que a interpretação do texto normativo pelo Poder Judiciário atingiu determinado grau de definitividade, ela seja adotada nos outros casos sujeitos à aplicação da norma, seja pelo Poder Judiciário, seja pela Administração Pública, exigindo-se que os indivíduos se conformem com a aplicação dessa interpretação, a partir dos quais pode ser induzida uma regra geral segundo a qual: a) o Poder Judiciário deve uniformizar e estabilizar a interpretação dada aos textos normativos e o conteúdo das normas a partir deles reconstruídas; b) uma vez uniformizado e estabilizado o conteúdo da norma, ele deverá ser adotado pelo Poder Judiciário e pela Administração Pública nos demais casos em que a norma for aplicável; e c) os indivíduos devem se conformar com essa aplicação. Resulta, também, que a utilização pelo Poder Judiciário (e, em alguns casos, também pela Administração Pública) de mecanismos processuais cuja aplicação pressupõe a existência de jurisprudência que ostente as características que a tornam apta a atuar como base de confiança fornece elementos para que se afira se a jurisprudência está apta a atuar como base de confiança e para acompanhar a evolução no tempo da capacidade da jurisprudência de gerar confiança e da intensidade da confiança gerada. / This work aims at analyzing precedents as the basis for legitimate expectation within the Brazilian legal system under the 1988 Constitution, especially concerning the definition of the circunstances under what will a precedent be considered binding, allowing individuals to legitimately expect that their cases will be ruled in accordance with the suitable precedent, and of the conditions for precedents to be deemed suitable to serve as grounds for legitimate expectation and of the criteria to gauge whether precedents can generate expectation. Attention will be given also to the criteria to assess whether case law generates confidence and to follow the evolution of its capability of generating confidence. This research conducted is exploratory as to its method and justificatory as to its objective. It is exploratory because it seeks to find within the Brazilian legal system and case law, as well as within doctrine, instruments to understand the role of precedents as grounds for legitimate expectation. It is justificatory as to its objective in that it seeks to understand the legal phenomena involved in precedents as the grounds for legitimate expectation, by seeking to explain such phenomena properly and to identify within the Brazilian legal system the conditions that must be present for precedent to become the grounds for legitimate expectation and the criteria that can be applied to assess whether precedent is suitable to generate expectation. This study has demonstrated that the hypothesis in which judicial courts must follow precedents can be defined not only according to principles and postulates, but also in accordance with the mechanisms provided for in the Brazilian legal system to ensure that, once the judiciary has consolidated the interpretation of a given legislative text, said interpretation is adopted in other cases that are subject to the application of the precedent whether by the judiciary or by public authorities, while demanding that individuals comply with the application of this interpretation. From these mechanisms, a general rule can be drawn whereby: a) the judiciary should standardize and consolidate the interpretation given to legislative texts and the content of the rules drawn therefrom; b) once the content of the rules are standardized and consolidated, they must be adopted by the judiciary and by the public administration in other cases to which the same standard applies; and c) individuals must comply with such application. This general rule evidences the boundaries of the binding effects of the precedents within the Brazilian legal system and the suitability of precedents as grounds for legitimate expectation, as a means to define the behavior to be adopted by the individual. These mechanisms also allow for the definition of the criteria to assess whether case law generates confidence and to follow the evolution of its capability of generating confidence.

L’expression « Principe de confiance légitime » désigne généralement, dans la littérature juridique française, un principe de droit public qui s’est imposé dans différents pays et dans la jurisprudence de la Cour de Justice de l’Union européenne. Au-delà de ce domaine classique, certains auteurs soutiennent qu’un tel principe existe en droit privé français. Il s’agirait, selon une partie d’entre eux, d’un principe explicatif et d’orientation. Pour un autre auteur, il en existerait plusieurs. Ces incertitudes justifient une interrogation sur le bien-fondé de l’existence d’un, voire plusieurs, principe(s) de confiance légitime en droit privé. Dans l’hypothèse où la réponse serait positive, la fonction doit être précisée afin de déterminer si ce ou ces principes n’ont que des fonctions d’orientation – ou d’interprétation – et d’explication. La présente thèse répond par l’affirmative à la première de ces questions et par la négative à la seconde. Ainsi, la première partie de la thèse met en lumière le principe. Elle soutient que le régime des produits défectueux et le droit commun de la responsabilité civile sanctionnent, dans des hypothèses variées, la violation de la confiance légitime. Ce constat présuppose qu’il existe une norme juridique qui impose de respecter cette confiance, norme qui ne peut qu’être un principe général du droit, dans la mesure où sa généralité est telle qu’elle est de nature à inspirer d’autres normes. La seconde partie traite des effets du principe. Plusieurs sont identifiés et deux font l’objet de développements plus substantiels : le droit à l’exécution forcée et la fonction satisfactoire de la responsabilité civile. / The expression "Principle of legitimate expectation" is generally used, within the French legal literature, as a principle under public law which has already been established in several countries as well as exercised in the Court of Justice of the European Union jurisprudence. Beyond this classic area, some authors argue that such a principle does exist in private law. It would be, for a fraction of them, an explanatory and orientative principle. For another author, there would be several principles. These uncertainties justify interrogation on the basis of the existence of one, or even several principles of "legitimate expectation". Assuming that the answer would be positive, the function of the above-mentioned principle must be ascertained so as to determine if that or these principle(s) have for unique function orientation – or interpretation – and explanation. The present thesis tries to answer in the affirmative for the first question and to give a negative answer to the second one. The first part of this thesis highlights the principle. It argues that the legal frame of defective products regulations as well as the civil liability does punish, through several ways, the breach of the legitimate expectation. This observation assumes that there is a legal norm which requires to respect this legitimate expectation. This norm can only be considered as a general principle of law to the extent that, by virtue of its generality, it shall inspire other norms. The second part of the present thesis deals with the consequences of the principle of legitimate expectation. Several have been identified and two of them are subject to more detailed and substantial development : the forced execution related regulations and the satisfactory function of civil liability.

Before 1994 administrative law was dominated by parliamentary supremacy which dictated that Parliament is the supreme law-making authority in the state. This position was radically changed by the new democratic order. To protect the rights of citizens a Bill of Rights was introduced in South Africa. This research focuses on the uncertainty pertaining to the application of the audi alteram partem rule to the proceedings of commissions of inquiry. Section 24 of the interim Constitution, section 33 of the final Constitution and the Promotion of Administrative Justice Act 3 of 2000 were introduced to safeguard the individual against unfair administrative action. These legislative measures as well as applicable case law are analysed in order to establish whether they have brought about greater clarity concerning the application of the audi alteram partem rule to the proceedings of commissions of inquiry. / Thesis (LL.M. (Public Law))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.

Before 1994 administrative law was dominated by parliamentary supremacy which dictated that Parliament is the supreme law-making authority in the state. This position was radically changed by the new democratic order. To protect the rights of citizens a Bill of Rights was introduced in South Africa. This research focuses on the uncertainty pertaining to the application of the audi alteram partem rule to the proceedings of commissions of inquiry. Section 24 of the interim Constitution, section 33 of the final Constitution and the Promotion of Administrative Justice Act 3 of 2000 were introduced to safeguard the individual against unfair administrative action. These legislative measures as well as applicable case law are analysed in order to establish whether they have brought about greater clarity concerning the application of the audi alteram partem rule to the proceedings of commissions of inquiry. / Thesis (LL.M. (Public Law))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.

It is the aim with this paper, to research the shortcomings experienced in the appeal procedures as contained in the Engineering Profession Act ("EPA"), in order to determine whether the process should be revised or if only certain relevant sections of the EPA should be rewritten. Due to the administrative nature of certain duties of the Council as authorised by the EPA, it makes it inevitable that appeals will follow. It is therefore imperative that the procedures to appeal, must be both functional and effective. The relevant sections of the EPA as well as the appeal procedures of the Health Professions Act's will be researched, taking into account the stipulations of the Constitution and the Promotion of Administrative Justice Act ("PAJA"). Relevant legal administrative principles and doctrines, court judgments, as well as the views of authors are also taken into account. Two major areas of concern in certain sections of the EPA have been identified: • The fact that the whole council has to decide on appeals, and • the fact that such hearings have to take place within a very limited time frame. Relevant court findings have made it clear that decisions made by authorities, have to comply with the requirements set out in the Constitution in coherence with PAJA. In conclusion, based on the Constitutional and the legal administrative requirements, it is found to be necessary to rewrite the relevant sections of the EPA, as well as the rules of appeal, as these do not make the grade at present. / Thesis (LL.M. (Public Law))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.

It is the aim with this paper, to research the shortcomings experienced in the appeal procedures as contained in the Engineering Profession Act ("EPA"), in order to determine whether the process should be revised or if only certain relevant sections of the EPA should be rewritten. Due to the administrative nature of certain duties of the Council as authorised by the EPA, it makes it inevitable that appeals will follow. It is therefore imperative that the procedures to appeal, must be both functional and effective. The relevant sections of the EPA as well as the appeal procedures of the Health Professions Act's will be researched, taking into account the stipulations of the Constitution and the Promotion of Administrative Justice Act ("PAJA"). Relevant legal administrative principles and doctrines, court judgments, as well as the views of authors are also taken into account. Two major areas of concern in certain sections of the EPA have been identified: • The fact that the whole council has to decide on appeals, and • the fact that such hearings have to take place within a very limited time frame. Relevant court findings have made it clear that decisions made by authorities, have to comply with the requirements set out in the Constitution in coherence with PAJA. In conclusion, based on the Constitutional and the legal administrative requirements, it is found to be necessary to rewrite the relevant sections of the EPA, as well as the rules of appeal, as these do not make the grade at present. / Thesis (LL.M. (Public Law))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.

Mr Justice Corbett made a substantial contribution to the South African tax law as he delivered several judgements during his long career on the bench. Starting from the lower ranks as a judge he became Chief Justice of South Africa. Precedents set by his judgements are considered important and indicative of the level of South African tax law. This dissertation observes his background, looks at the operations of the tax court in South Africa and examines whether his judgements were cited and applied in subsequent cases as accepted precedent. International case law is referred to, to compare his judgements with comparable international tax law. / Auditing / M. Comm. (Accounting)

The protection of ownership right and property restitution in the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights. Abstract The topic of this graduation theses is the protection of property as embodied and provided by European Convention of Human Rights and its authorities. The author also pays attention to how the European Court of Human Rights dealt with number of Czech and Slovak complaints concerning the restitution process taking place after the fall of the communism with purpose to rectify at least some of the last regime's wrongs as to the acts of deprivation occurred before the restoration of democracy. Emphasis is primarily put on Strasbourg authorities case law.