My primary concern in this thesis is to develop a framework in which classical and modern dance can be analyzed and assessed in philosophical terms. This should not be understood as an endeavour to create a system of values according to which dance should be criticized. What is being attempted is to describe and characterize dance with the tools provided by different aesthetic theories. Moreover dance, and especially ballet (due to its more solid and concrete structure and form), is used as a test - βάσανος (vasanos) in Greek - to help discern the limitations of existing aesthetic theories. At the same time the different criteria that each theory puts forward to identify a work of art are related to the notion of movement, which is central to dance. This process not only enables us to distinguish the elements of this complex form of human action, but also becomes the starting point for the elaboration of a reconfiguration of aesthetic concepts that will enable a sophisticated analysis of the phenomenon of dance. The underlying question throughout is "What makes a particular movement sequence a piece of dance rather than, for example, a piece of gymnastics?" complemented by the question "What makes an everyday life movement a dance movement?" These issues are addressed by considering how the various aesthetic theories can help us make the above distinctions. The different forms of dance are correlated with the aesthetic theories presented. The first notion I consider in this context is mimesis with special reference to Jean-Georges Noverre's account of dance, which has its roots in Aristotle's Poetics. Secondly I consider the notion of beauty - its independence from such notions as 'purposiveness', its lack of 'interest' - as analysed in Kant's Critique of Judgment. The expressive element of dance is explored in the context of R.G. Collingwood's expressivism and John Maftin's inflection of it in relation to dance. Attention to movement leads directly to the notion of form, which is explored in dialogue with André Levinson and Margaret H'Doubler. The thesis concludes by sketching an outline of a new way of approaching, understanding and hence potentially even experiencing dance (as a viewer). Dance is a carrier of a multiplicity of meanings with various contents. In the majority of cases a dance performance seeks to communicate a message to an audience. It is being suggested that dance constitutes a type of language, a communicational system, which has mimetic, expressive and formal elements. The notion of language is understood in later Wittgenstein terms. It is argued that dance comprises a 'form of life.' The elements of this system are facial expressions, movements of hands and arms, shifting of the body; all these reveal to us the quality of experience and feelings of the moving persona. Dance should be understood and appreciated in this particular context.

The thesis deals with geocaching as a new leisure activity. Within a few years, geocaching gained a great deal of supporters worldwide and their number is rapidly growing. This trend brings the number of side effects, which makes geocaching as a subject of multidisciplinary research. On the thesis geocaching is evaluated especially in relation to tourism and leisure time theory. The thesis provides a qualitative assessment of geocaching and spatial distribution within the Czech Republic. There are also evaluated limits and possibilities of development of this activity and studied the influence of geocaching on the environment. The thesis presents analysis of current practice and attitude of the two actors of regional development in relation to geocaching - Czech regions and representatives of specially protected areas. They are suggested ways, how could be geocaching used in desired development of areas where it is operated.

[pt] Este estudo tem como objetivo principal identificar fatores intrapessoais que restringem o lazer em turismo por pessoas com mais de 55 anos de idade com base no modelo de restrições ao lazer apresentado por Godbey, Jackson e Crawford (1991). O estudo foca nas restrições influenciadas pelos fatores intrapessoais, as quais envolvem estados psicológicos individuais, pois estas são consideradas as mais fortes por condicionar a motivação para o consumo de lazer e acompanhar o consumidor desde a vontade até a ação. Investiga também a influência de algumas variáveis sóciodemográficas como idade, sexo, condição ocupacional, condição de saúde, classificação econômica e frequência de viagem na percepção destes fatores restritivos. Foram pesquisadas pessoas com mais de 55 anos de idade, moradoras do Rio de Janeiro, através de uma pesquisa quantitativa. Os dados foram coletados através de um questionário aplicado diretamente aos pesquisados e posteriormente seus resultados utilizados em um programa para análise estatística a fim de confirmar, ou não, as diversas hipóteses apresentadas. O resultado desta pesquisa demonstra que existem diversos fatores intrapessoais que são restritivos ao lazer em turismo para pessoas com mais de 55 anos de idade, confirma o modelo apresentado por Godbey, Jackson e Crawford (1991) e mostra que alguns desses fatores têm influência diferenciada nas restrições de lazer conforme a característica sociodemográfica da pessoa. A conclusão deste estudo objetiva também contribuir na formulação de estratégias de empresas do setor de lazer em turismo, principalmente de viagens, a fim de oferecer um serviço mais adequado a este segmento da população. / [en] This study has its as main objective to identify intrapersonal factors that restrict the leisure tourism for people over 55 years of age, based on the model of leisure constraints presented by Godbey, Jackson and Crawford (1991). The study focuses on the constraints influenced by intrapersonal factors, which involve individual psychological states, as these are considered the strongest for they determine the motivation for the consumption of leisure and accompany the consumer from the will to the action. It also investigates the influence of some sociodemographic variables such as age, sex, occupation status, health status, economic status and frequency of travel in the perception of these limiting factors. We surveyed people over 55, residents of Rio de Janeiro, by using a quantitative research. Data were collected through a questionnaire given directly to respondents and subsequently the results were applied in a program used for statistical analysis to confirm or not the various hypotheses stated. The research result shows that there are several intrapersonal factors that are restrictive to leisure tourism for people over 55 years, which confirms the model presented by Godbey, Jackson and Crawford (1991) and shows that some of these factors have different influence in leisure constraints according to sociodemographic characteristics of the person. The conclusion of this work also aims to contribute to the formulation of strategies for companies in the leisure sector in tourism, specifically travel, in order to offer a service more suitable for this segment of the population.

No description available.

No description available.

Orientador: Lino Castellani Filho / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Física / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-11T21:16:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dias_CleberAugustoGoncalves_D.pdf: 14898756 bytes, checksum: e97dc71db4f06e4ebedbebc229b5a935 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: O objetivo dessa tese é investigar a história do lazer na natureza. Mais especificamente, pretende-se identificar o período no qual se inicia o processo de formação do hábito de visitar à natureza com finalidades de divertimento, dentro de um espaço social concebido já como relativamente bem demarcado dos momentos de trabalho. Com esse intuito, o estudo esteve circunscrito geograficamente à cidade do Rio de Janeiro e a um período compreendido entre os anos de 1779 e 1838. Nessa época, surgiam na cidade novos modelos de organização dos divertimentos, entre os quais inovadoras atividades de lazer na natureza, tais como passeios, excursões, piqueniques ou fins de semana em casas de campo, que pouco a pouco passavam a configurar entre os hábitos de parte da população carioca. É esse o período também em que se registram iniciativas como a construção do Passeio Público ou o início de excursões às cercanias da Tijuca, ao Corcovado, ao Pão de Açúcar, às ilhas da baía de Guanabara ou a fazendas na Serra dos Órgãos. Cada um desses lugares ou atividades destinava-se, em última instância, a promoção de novos padrões de sociabilidade, afeitos às noções de modernidade e civilidade. A hipótese, portanto, é que o início da formação histórica do lazer na natureza, visto como fenômeno que se processa de maneira gradual, paulatina e cumulativa, remonta aos fins do século XVIII. Como recurso para reconstituição de todo esse processo, a chamada "literatura de viagem" foi a principal fonte utilizada. A ela somam-se imagens de artistas do período, e bem mais ocasionalmente obras literárias e decretos / Abstract: The objective of this thesis is to investigate the history of the leisure in the environment. More specifically, her objective is to identify the period in which beginning the process of formation of habit of visit the nature with amusement purposes, inside of a conceived social space already as demarcated relatively well of the work moments. With this intention, the study was circumscribed geographically to the city of Rio de Janeiro and to period between the years of 1779 and 1838. At this time, new organization models of the amusements appeared in the city, nominated innovative activities of leisure in the environment, such as strolls, excursions, picnics or weekends in field houses, which started to configure as habits of part of the carioca population. This period register also the construction of the Passeio Público or the beginning of excursions to the environs of the Tijuca, the Corcovado, the Pão de Açucar, the islands of the Baía de Guanabara or the farms in the Serra dos Órgãos. These places or activities were destined, in last instance, the promotion of new standards of sociability typically of modernity. The hypothesis, therefore, is that the beginning of the historical formation of the leisure in the environment, seen as processes gradual and cumulative, retraces to the ends of century XVIII. As resource for reconstitution of all this process, the call travel book was the main used source. It adds images of artists of the period, and well more occasionally literature and laws / Doutorado / Educação Fisica e Sociedade / Doutor em Educação Física

Título original: Peter Pan em cena : o lúdico e a esteriotipação entre ser criança e ser adulto / Orientador: José Euzébio de Oliveira Souza Aragão / Banca: Maria Rosa Rodrigues Martins de Camargo / Banca: Alan Victor Pimenta de Almeida Pales Costa / Resumo: O mundo da criança e o mundo do adulto se caracterizam a um só tempo por uma intensa dicotomização e esteriotipação. Enquanto o brincar para criança é algo prazeroso e significativo, para o adulto o brincar é uma ação secundária em seu rol de atividades e que deve acontecer após a finalização das obrigações, tendendo a ser eliminada aos poucos de sua vida. O presente estudo trata do brincar na vida da criança e sobre o lúdico na vida do adulto, a fim de entender sobre a relação do lúdico com os sujeitos. Há de se ressaltar que o termo lúdico não tem uma definição universal, sendo assim, a presente pesquisa empregou o termo lúdico segundo as ideias de Giovanina Gomes de Freitas Olivier que atribui ao lúdico uma liberdade, algo que não necessita de um fim em si, além relacioná-lo as atividades prazerosas. Neste sentido, entende-se que o brincar, jogo, brincadeira, estão inseridos no termo lúdico, assim como outras atividades que tragam felicidade àqueles que praticam. À vista disso, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo potencializar a discussão e reflexão sobre o lúdico e sua importância na constituição do adulto a partir do estudo da obra "Peter Pan", de James Matthew Barrie (1995) e de dois filmes baseados no mesmo, "Hook a Volta do Capitão Gancho" (1991) e "Em busca da Terra do Nunca" (2003). Metodologicamente utilizou-se pesquisa bibliográfica, análise do conteúdo e análise fílmica. Concluímos que o lúdico ocorre na vida de adultos e crianças dependendo da valorização ou desvalo... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The world of a child and the world of adults are characterized by a great dichotomization and stereotyping. Playing for child is something pleasurable and meaningful, for the adult playing is a secondary action in its roster of activities and that should happen after the completion of the obligations, tending to be eliminated of his life slowly. The present study deals the playfulness in child's life and in adult life, in order to understand the relation between the ludic activities and both children and adults. It must be emphasized that the term "playfulness" does not have a universal definition, so this research uses the term playfulness according Giovanina Gomes de Freitas Olivier's ideas who assigns to it a freedom, something that does not need an end in itself in addition to relate it as enjoyable activities. In this case, we consider games and plays, inserted into the term "playful", as well as other activities that bring happiness those who practice them. Thus, this research aims to potentiate the discussion and reflection on the playfulness and its importance in the constitution of the adult from the study of the book "Peter Pan", from James M. Barrie (1995) and movies based on it, "Hook" (1991) and "Finding Neverlands" (2003). Methodologically, a bibliographical research, a content analysis and a film analysis were used. We conclude that the playfulness occurs in children's life and in the adult life depending on the value or devaluation of this action, and dependin... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

This thesis sets out to investigate gardens, gardeners and gardening practices in early modern England, from the mid-sixteenth century when the first horticultural manuals appeared in the English language dedicated solely to the ‘Arte’ of gardening, spanning the following century to its establishment as a subject worthy of scientific and intellectual debate by the Royal Society and a leisure pursuit worthy of the genteel. The inherently ephemeral nature of the activity of gardening has resulted thus far in this important aspect of cultural life being often overlooked by historians, but detailed examination of the early gardening manuals together with evidence gleaned from contemporary gentry manuscript collections, maps, plans and drawings has provided rare insight into both the practicalities of gardening during this period as well as into the aspirations of the early modern gardener. By focusing on the ‘ordinary’ gardens of the county gentry rather than the ‘extraordinary’ gardens of the aristocracy and courtly elite, this study seeks to answer such questions as who was gardening, why they were gardening, how they were gardening and how, ultimately, they viewed the spaces they had created, offering a new perspective on the defining of status and identity in early modern society.

Oxidative stress and inflammation are two reciprocally linked processes that characterise many disease states, but can also transiently increase in response to a range of stimuli, including exercise, to initiate adaptation. This thesis presents novel data indicating that oxidative stress did not increase in response to an acute mental arithmetic challenge, under resting conditions or experimentally induced high baseline inflammation. In the context of exercise, chapters 3, 4 and 5 support previous work that markers of plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) oxidative stress increase in response to acute exercise. Acute exercise (30-40 min, 70% VO2MAX) in rheumatoid arthritis patients caused a transient increase in protein carbonylation that over a period of training (3 months, 3 sessions per week) at the same intensity did not increase global oxidative stress or inflammation. Plasma 3-nitrotyrosine decreased with exercise training, alongside improvements in disease activity and aerobic fitness. The last two experimental chapters of this thesis explored acute changes in plasma (Chapter 4) and PBMC (Chapter 5) oxidative stress in response to bouts of low volume high intensity interval training (LV-HIIT) and steady state exercise (60% maximal oxygen consumption (VO2MAX), 27 minutes and 80% VO2MAX, 20 minutes). LV-HIIT provided an anti-inflammatory (IL-6 and IL-10) and anti-oxidant (plasma total antioxidant capacity and PBMC thioredoxin protein content) response to exercise that paralleled the response (magnitude and timecourse) observed with steady state exercise of high and moderate intensity.

The present thesis describes research that characterizes the mobilization of cytotoxic T cell subsets and monocyte populations in response to acute psychological stress and β-agonist (isoproterenol) infusion. Chapter two showed that γδ T cells are mobilized in response to psychological stress and isoproterenol infusion, implicating β-adrenergic mechanisms in this response. Chapter three demonstrated that γδ T cells that were tissue migrating (CD11ahi), of an effector memory phenotype (CD27 CD45RA+), and displaying NK-like features (CD94+), were most sensitive to stress induced mobilization. Chapter four showed that a perforin (pfn)+ C27 phenotype in CD4+, CD8+ and γδ T cells consistency identified cells most sensitive to stress and isoproterenol induced mobilization. However, although cytotoxicity (pfn+) was important, differentiation (CD27 ) status better predicted mobilization. Chapter five revealed that of the three major monocyte populations; CD14++CD16, C14++CD16+ and CD14+CD16+, the proinflammatory‟ CD14+CD16+ monocytes showed the largest mobilization response during stress and isoproterenol infusion. Thus, the selective mobilization of cells with a high effector ability applies to monocyte populations also. We speculate that mobilization of these leukocytes may represent an adaptive mechanism aimed at enhancing host immune defenses in times of threat. This response can have beneficial and detrimental effects depending on the inflammatory or infectious context.