"Thèse en cotutelle, doctorat en études littéraires, Université Laval, Québec, Canada, Philosophiæ doctor (Ph. D.) et Université Lumière Lyon 2, Lyon, France"poupé / Gaston Leroux (1868-1927) a été chroniqueur judiciaire et grand reporter au journal Le Matin avant d’écrire des romans populaires publiés en feuilletons dans la presse. Sa carrière et son oeuvre sont profondément marquées par l’influence de l’univers médiatique, qui a constitué pour Leroux un laboratoire d’écriture, une source d’inspiration (son reporter Rouletabille est devenu un symbole de cette profession en pleine ascension) et un support de publication privilégié. Au travers de cette étude monographique interdisciplinaire (elle mêle histoire, géographie, sociologie littéraire et ponctuellement philosophie et recourt à plusieurs courants critiques tels que la sociocritique et la géocritique), il s’agit de s’intéresser de plus près à une culture médiatique redécouverte à la faveur de l’immense entreprise de numérisation de la presse dans les années 2000. Mais les deux pans de sa production sont également unis par l’importance de la problématique spatiale : reportages comme romans proposent en effet des représentations élaborées de l’Ailleurs. Travaillé par une hybridité générique, l’espace tel qu’il apparaît dans les textes de Leroux présente un ancrage marqué dans l’actualité qui le pare d’une forte référentialité tout en s’ouvrant à des influences imaginaires telles que celles du conte merveilleux ou fantastique, du roman gothique ou policier, ou encore du mélodrame. Au travers d’un corpus regroupant ses grands reportages les plus importants (en Russie, en Italie, au Maroc…) et certains de ses romans d’aventures qui reprennent ces cadres étrangers, (Rouletabille chez le Tsar, Les Ténébreuses, Rouletabille à la Guerre, La Reine du Sabbat…), il s’agit d’étudier les différentes stratégies utilisées pour mettre en scène un espace qui constitue l’un des enjeux centraux du récit. En effet, chez Leroux, l’espace ne joue pas qu’un rôle de décor exotique rapidement oublié au profit de l’action car il assume également des fonctions politiques dans une époque historique qui connaît de grands bouleversements (colonisation, Première Guerre mondiale, révolution russe…). Explicitement, les écrits de Leroux s’inscrivent parfaitement dans le discours social de leur temps : ils opposent des empires de perte de vitesse (qui servent de terrain de jeu à des héros qui les maîtrisent mieux que leurs dirigeants officiels) à un modèle de l’Etat-nation dont la France de la IIIe République est présentée comme le meilleur exemple. Le patriotisme du corpus s’accentue à la faveur de la Première Guerre mondiale : Leroux publie alors des romans qui relèvent de la propagande antiallemande (Rouletabille chez Krupp, Le Capitaine Hyx). Cependant, au sein de cet espace référentiel présenté avec un certain manichéisme, Leroux ménage, grâce à la fiction, des lieux différents où s’exprime une contestation du modèle spatial dominant : îles utopiques et hétérotopies carnavalesques permettent à Leroux d’introduire du jeu dans une conception de l’espace apparemment doxique, d’interroger la mondialisation en cours et de proposer d’autres formes d’organisation spatiale et géopolitique / As a reporter, Gaston Leroux (1868-1927) covered many trials as well as the international news for Le Matin. He then went on to write paraliterary novels, published as serials in the press. Both his career and his works are heavily influenced by the media, which served as his main publication outlet, as a writing laboratory and as a source of inspiration (the fictional reporter he created, Rouletabille, has become a symbol of this developing profession). Through this monographic and interdisciplinary study (mixing history, geography, literary sociology, philosophy, as well as geocriticism and sociocriticism), we will focus on the media culture, as it was discovered anew during the massive digitization of the press in the 2000s. However, both sides of his work are connected by the attention he gives attention to space as a problematic: his newspaper articles as well as his novels offer complex representations of far away places. Because of this strong genre hybridity, space in Leroux's novels is deeply connected to the news, which adds an important sense of referentiality, but it is also influenced by fictional genres such as fairy tales, fantastical works, gothic novels, detective novels and even melodrama. Through a body of works encompassing both his main newspaper stories (in Russia, in Italy, in Marocco, etc.) and those of his adventure novels which take place in foreign countries (Rouletabille chez le Tsar, Les Ténébreuses, Rouletabille à la guerre, La Reine du Sabbat...), we shall study the various strategies implemented to represent space as an important concern in the narrative. Indeed, for Leroux, space is not only an exotic background to be quickly forgotten in favor of action. It also has a political role during agitated times (the colonisation, the First World War, the Russian Revolution, etc.). Superficially, Leroux's works fit in with the social representations of his time: they oppose weakening empires, which serve as playgrounds to heroes who have mastered them better than their own rulers, to the model of the nation-state, exemplified by the French Third Republic. The body of works becomes more chauvinistic during and after the First World War. At this time, Leroux's novels are in line with the anti-German propaganda (Rouletabille chez Krupp, Le Capitaine Hyx). And yet, within this referential and quite Manichean space, he creates, through fiction, different places in which a contestation of the dominant model is expressed. For instance, utopian islands and carnivalesque heterotopias allow Leroux to introduce playfulness in an apparently conventional conception of space, to question globalization as it develops and to offer alternative forms of spatial and geopolitical organisation. / Résumé en espagnol

This thesis aims to provide a critical account of Gaston Leroux’s Le Fantôme de l’Opéra (1910), which has become one of the most enduring and visible of modern myths. Leroux’s text discloses anxieties about a rapidly changing world, and these anxieties manifest themselves artistically in a simultaneous fascination and horror with the emerging episteme. Leroux’s story subsequently took on a life of its own in popular culture, yet, this thesis argues, many of these adaptations remain bound up in the same issues of futurity and dichotomies of masculinity, as well as concerns about the role of the artist in determining the values of his society.

133 f. / Submitted by Cynthia Nascimento (cyngabe@ufba.br) on 2013-03-22T15:16:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Natássia Guedes Alves.pdf: 18714876 bytes, checksum: ee953fb8fedc337a256a2731b357aeac (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Alda Lima da Silva(sivalda@ufba.br) on 2013-03-22T20:11:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Natássia Guedes Alves.pdf: 18714876 bytes, checksum: ee953fb8fedc337a256a2731b357aeac (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-03-22T20:11:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Natássia Guedes Alves.pdf: 18714876 bytes, checksum: ee953fb8fedc337a256a2731b357aeac (MD5) / Esta pesquisa busca analisar as traduções intersemióticas do romance Le Fantôme de l’Opéra, de Gaston Leroux (1910), para o cinema. Para isso, foi feita uma extensa pesquisa bibliográfica a respeito do referencial teórico que envolve o tema, como também com relação ao material já publicado sobre o romance referido e suas adaptações. O objeto de estudo escolhido foi amplamente traduzido para diversos meios, sendo esta uma das razões que impulisonou o desenvolviemnto deste trabalho. No meio cinematográfico, existem mais de vinte adaptações. Nesse estudo serão contempladas a versão de Rupert Julian (1925), um filme de horror, mudo e em preto e branco; assim como a de Joel Schumacher (2004), um musical, produzido pelo mesmo idealizador da peça musical de 1986, Andrew Lloyd Webber. Essa pesquisa visa entender os caminhos que levaram cada obra a culminar em gêneros tão distintos (tendo em vista que ambos partem do mesmo romance) e as transformações pelas quais passou o personagem do Fantasma para que ele se encaixasse em cada nova produção. Assim, é levado em conta, na análise, o fato de se tratar de um processo semiótico no qual a interação sígnica pode ser vista como uma tradução; debruçamo-nos também sobre o estudo da importância da interpretação, que age em conjunto com esse processo. Desse modo, na tradução intersemiótica, além dessa interpretação, deve-se adicionar como característica da prática tradutória a manipulação intencional do tradutor, que enxerta ou realiza cortes de acordo com sua visão, sua necessidade (para adaptação ao gênero) ou para adaptar às exigências do meio ou da recepção. Portanto, as versões cinematográficas são vistas como reescrituras, como qualquer outra tradução, como afirma André Lefevere (2007). Dessa maneira, o estudo verifica como as reescrituras suplementam o texto de partida. A pesquisa revela que a intertextualidade é mais um recurso utilizado pela manipulação,assim como revela que sem suas traduções, O Fantasma da Ópera talvez não ficasse tão conhecido como o é hoje. / Universidade Federal da Bahia. Instituto de Letras. Salvador-Ba, 2011.