Die in vitro-Generierung naiver T-Zellen wäre ein wichtiger Fortschritt in der Therapie verschiedenster Erkrankungen mit T-Zelldefizienz (HIV, Immundefekte, Stammzell-transplantierte Patienten). Zur Erreichung dieses Ziels wurden in der vorliegenden Arbeit zwei Teilprojekte bearbeitet: a) die Bestimmung der Frequenz CD34+ Stammzellen in Knochenmark, Nabelschnurblut und Leukapheresat, die über ein bevorzugtes lymphoides Differenzierunspotential verfügen. Desweiteren wurde in diesem Zusammenhang nach zwei Phänotypen spezifischer lymphoider Progenitorpopulationen gesucht: CD34+lin-CD45RAhiCD7+ und CD34+lin- CD10+CD24-. b) die Auswertung von in vitro Zellkulturversuchen, bei denen mit Hilfe einer neuartigen Zellkulturmatrix, eine Generierung naiver T-Zellen aus humanen CD34+ Stammzellen möglich sein soll. Unsere Analysen ergaben, dass die CD34+lin-CD45RAhiCD7+ Progenitorpopulation im Knochenmark und im Leukapheresat zu identifizieren war, im Nabelschnurblut jedoch unter der Nachweisgrenze lag. Ebenso konnte die CD34+lin-CD10+CD24- Progenitorpopulation im Knochenmark, Leukapheresat und Nabelschnurblut gefunden werden, allerdings in deutlich niedrigeren Frequenzen als bislang berichtet. Interessanterweise lag der Anteil Linienmarker-negativer Zellen, d.h. der unreifen Vorläuferzellen, im Knochenmark signifikant höher als im Leukapheresat und Nabelschnurblut. Eine mögliche Erklärung dafür könnte sein, daß ins periphere Blut nur reifere Subpopulationen von Progenitorzellen mobilisiert werden. In den Zellkulturversuchen zeigte sich, daß auch mit Hilfe einer neuartigen 3D- Zellkulturmatrix weder mit humanen Hautfibroblasten noch mit humanen Thymusfragmenten als Stromazellquelle aus CD34+ peripheren Blutstammzellen T-Zellen in vitro generiert werden konnten. Es entstanden vielmehr überwiegend Zellen mit monozytärem Phänotyp, und die CD3+ T- Zellen, die in einigen Versuchen gemessen worden waren, erwiesen sich als Residuen aus dem Thymusgewebe. Diese Ergebnisse stehen somit im Widerspruch zu einer publizierten methodischen Arbeit, die mit murinem Thymusgewebe als Stromazellquelle erfolgreich naive T-Zellen generieren konnte. Zusammenfassend lässt sich feststellen, dass lymphoide Progenitoren in klinischen Routinepräparaten wie Knochenmark oder Leukapheresat in niedriger Frequenz natürlicherweise enthalten sind. Da mit derzeit verfügbaren Kultursystemen die in vitro Generierung reifer T- Zellen schwierig bzw. noch nicht möglich ist, stellt sich die Frage, ob nicht zumindest lymphoide Progenitoren in einem noch weiter zu optimierenden in vitro Zellkultursystem differenziert werden können. Durch Kotransplantation dieser Zellen könnte man die Frequenz der lymphoiden Progenitoren im Blut erhöhen und dadurch die T- Zellregeneration beschleunigen. Dieser Ansatz wird in Nachfolgeexperimenten unserer Arbeitsgruppe weiter verfolgt. / The in vitro generation of naive T cells would be an important progress in the therapy of different illnesses with T cell deficiency (HIV, immunodeficiencies, patients with stem cell transplantations). In order to achieve this goal, two partial projects were processed throughout the present work: a) determination of the frequency CD34+ stem cells in bone marrow, umbilical cord blood, and leukapheresate, which have a preferred lymphoid differentiation potential. Furthermore, in this context, two phenotypes of specific lymphoid progenitor populations were sought after: CD34+lin-CD45RAhiCD7+ and CD34+lin-CD10+CD24-. b) evaluation of in vitro cell culture tests in which a generation of naive T-cells from human CD34+ stem cells is supposed to be possible using a new cell culture matrix. Our analyses revealed that the CD34+lin-CD45RAhiCD7+ progenitor population in the bone marrow and in the leukapheresate could be identified but was under the detection limit in the umbilical cord blood. Likewise, the CD34+lin-CD10+CD24- progenitor population in the bone marrow, the leukapheresate, and the umbilical cord blood could be found, although, in considerably lower frequencies than what has been reported until now. Interestingly, the proportion of lineage marker negative cells, i.e. the immature precursor cells, was significantly higher in the bone marrow than in the leukapheresate and the umbilical blood. One possible explanation for this could be that only more mature subpopulations of progenitor cells are mobilized into the peripheral blood. The cell culture tests demonstrated that, even with the help of a new 3D cell culture mixture, neither human skin fibroblasts nor human thymus fragments as a stromal cell source were able to generate T cells from CD34+ peripheral cells. Rather, predominantly cells with a monocytic phenotype were formed and the CD3+ T cells that had been measured in some tests proved to be residues from the thymus tissue. Thus, these results are contradictory to a published methodical work that successfully generates naive T cells with murine thymus tissue as a stromal cell source. In summary, one can determine that lymphoid progenitors are contained naturally in clinical routine preparations such as bone marrow or leukapheresate in low frequency. As the in vitro generation of mature T cells is difficult / not yet possible using the currently available culture systems, the question arises whether not at least lymphoid progenitors can be differentiated in a still to be optimized in vitro cell culture system. Through co-transplantation of these cells, one could increase the frequency of the lymphoid progenitors in the blood, thus accelerating the T cell regeneration. This approach will be pursued further in follow-up experiments by our work group.

Mobilization of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) in healthy volunteers with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is currently carried out at many institutions worldwide. This report presents the experience of the Dresden center regarding donor evaluation and mobilization schedule. Data regarding efficacy, short- and long-term safety of G-CSF treatment gained from 8290 PBSC collections in healthy donors are outlined. These results are discussed against the background of the available evidence from the literature. Although established as a standard procedure, G-CSF application to allogeneic donors will always be a very delicate procedure and requires the utmost commitment of all staff involved to ensure maximum donor safety. (PBSC) donation does not require hospitalization and is generally assumed to be less physically demanding for the donor. However, application of mobilizing agents is stringently required for successful HSC mobilization. The standard substance, which is almost exclusively used in healthy donors worldwide, is recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF). Two preparations – filgrastim and lenograstim – are available and have been approved for PBSC mobilization for about 15 years in Germany. Currently, more than 20,000 healthy donors worldwide receive rhG-CSF for PBSC mobilization every year [7]. At the Dresden University Hospital, PBSC collections have been performed since 1996. In the two collection facilities associated with the university hospital, 8,290 allogeneic PBSC collections from 8,005 donors (i.e. 285 second collections) have been documented in a database up until May 2012. This paper presents the data of our own group, and summarizes the current knowledge regarding the short- and long-term effects of G-CSF treatment in healthy stem cell donors.