Depression är en neuropsykiatrisk sjukdom och en av de vanligaste folksjukdomarna i världen. Sjukdomen kan återkomma i skov under hela livet. Depression behandlas vanligen med psyko- och farmakoterapi beroende på depressionens svårighetsgrad. Det pågår flera diskussioner inom forskningen som behandlar sambandet mellan hypotyreos och depression, detta är dock väldigt kontroversiellt ämne. Denna diskussion har pågått genom decennier och är ännu inte fullt utredd. Det har även hittats evidens på att hypotalamus-hypofys-tyroidea-axeln (HPT-axeln) är inblandad både vid hypotyreos och depression. Sköldkörtelhormonerna tyroxin och trijodtyronin är två hormoner som har en viktig roll i hjärnans utveckling. HPT-axeln regleras av sköldkörtelhormonen men även av andra viktiga faktorer. Vid brist på sköldkörtelhormonerna kan hypotyreos utvecklas. Behandlingen sker framför allt med syntetiskt levotyroxin men även syntetiskt trijodtyronin kan användas. Pågående forskning tyder även här på att trijod tyronin skulle kunna användas som komplement till personer med behandlingsresistens vid depression men detta är också omdebatterat. Syftet med studien var att undersöka effekten av tyroxin och liotyronin med avseende på den mentala hälsan hos personer med eller utan hypotyreos och depression. Tidigare studier har visat att hormonerna kan förbättra  behandlingsresistent depression samt depressionsrelaterade symtom. Sex vetenskapliga studier från Pubmed som ansågs relevanta för denna litteraturstudie användes. Resultatet av studien tyder på att personer med hypotyreos och depression kan bli hjälpta av syntetiskt tyroxin. Den visade även att supressiva och ersättande doser av syntetiskt tyroxin hos personer utan sköldkörtel, vilket kan likställas med hypotyreos gör att dessa patienter har en sänkt livskvalitet och ett sänkt humör. Personer som enbart lider av unipolär depression och fick liotyronin-komplement mådde generellt sett mycket bättre än innan behandlingen. / Depression is a neuropsychiatric disease and one of the most common diseases in the world. Depression is usually treated with psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy depending on the severity of depression. There are pieces of evidence in recent research studies showing link between hypothyroidism and depression but has not yet been fully investigated. Evidence has also pointed out that the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroidea (HPT) axis is involved in both hypothyroidism and depression. Thyroid hormones thyroxine and triiodothyronine are the two hormones that play an important role in brain development. The HPT axis is regulated by the thyroid hormone but also by other important factors. In case of lack of thyroid hormone, hypothyroidism can develop. The treatment for hypothyriodism is mainly with synthetic levothyroxine and also with triiodothyronine. Researches suggest that triionthyronine could also be used as a supplement to people with treatment resistant depression and depression related symptoms but requires more research studies. Six scientific studies from Pubmed that were considered relevant were used in this literature work. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of thyroxine and liothyronine with respect to mental health of people with or without hypothyroidism and depression. Previous studies have shown that hormones can improve treatment-resistant depression as well as depression-related symptoms. The results of the study suggest that people with hypothyroidism and depression may be helped by synthetic thyroxine. It also showed that suppressive and replacement doses of synthetic thyroxine in people without a thyroid gland (which can be equated with hypothyroidism) cause them to have a lower quality of life and mood. Moreover, people with only unipolar depression who received triiodothyronine supplements generally have shown improvement of depressive symptoms.

(1) Background: No information is available on how dogs with hypothyroidism (HypoT) respond to vaccination. This study measured pre- and post-vaccination anti-canine parvovirus (CPV) antibodies in dogs with HypoT treated with levothyroxine and compared the results to those of healthy dogs. (2) Methods: Six dogs with HypoT and healthy age-matched control dogs (n = 23) were vaccinated against CPV with a modified-live vaccine. Hemagglutination inhibition was used to measure antibodies on days 0, 7, and 28. The comparison of the vaccination response of dogs with HypoT and healthy dogs were performed with univariate analysis. (3) Results: Pre-vaccination antibodies (≥10) were detected in 100% of dogs with HypoT (6/6; 95% CI: 55.7–100) and in 100% of healthy dogs (23/23; 95% CI: 83.1–100.0). A ≥4-fold titer increase was observed in none of the dogs with HypoT and in 4.3% of the healthy dogs (1/23; CI95%: <0.01–22.7). Mild vaccine-associated adverse events (VAAEs) were detected in 33.3% of the dogs with HypoT (2/6; 95% CI: 9.3–70.4) and in 43.5% (10/23; 95% CI: 25.6–63.2) of the healthy dogs. (4) Conclusions: There was neither a significant difference in the dogs’ pre-vaccination antibodies (p = 1.000), or vaccination response (p = 0.735), nor in the occurrence of post-vaccination VAAEs (p = 0.798). The vaccination response in dogs with levothyroxine-treated HypoT seems to be similar to that of healthy dogs.

No description available.

Small cell variant of medullary thyroid carcinoma is an extremely rare histologic entity with a paucity of data. As such, there is a lack of literature and clinical experience regarding this disease. In this report, we examine a case of small cell variant of medullary thyroid carcinoma that presented with intractable nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. While these symptoms were essentially refractory to the standard symptomatic treatment, further laboratory analysis revealed dramatically elevated calcitonin levels and mildly raised thyroid-stimulating hormone levels. Interestingly, repletion of thyroid hormone and treatment with lanreotide resulted in an abatement of our patient's symptoms. This temporal clinical improvement highly suggests a potential role involving thyroid-stimulating hormone and calcitonin levels in the pathogenesis of this disease, and consequently suggests a role for thyroxine in treating the associated gastrointestinal symptoms.