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This thesis attempts to examine the spell which story holds, to enquire its nature, and to discuss certain parallels with Christian Truth. It analyses the way in which literature requires a fundamental 'looking away' from the self, sinking into the stories of others, before returning, refreshed and opened up by new possibilities. In the same way, it is argued, Christian Truth equally depends on an essential 'looking away' from the self - both in Creation and Redemption -, seeing one's life hid with Christ in God, sinking into the story of Christ, before returning to one's old life with increased self-knowledge. It is argued that C.S. Lewis' stories show this Christian Truth both in their form and content - insofar as they indicate man's existence to be contingent upon God. In his works, it is contended, Lewis followed the pattern of the Incarnation - adoption and adaption - wresting to evangelistic purposes literary media that were otherwise often hostile. On the other hand, this thesis suggests that in certain respects these particular literary genres - science fiction, fantasy, children's literature - inherently incline to such Christian use by their tendency to both question the nature of reality and offer a different perspective wherewith to view it. The thesis pursues three themes -order, vicariousness (or identification), escapism and realism - analysing how these are reflected in the works of C.S. Lewis, his predecessors, contemporaries and successors. The manner in which some literature can be said to 'go away never to return' is examined and religious parallels discussed, together with the way in which fantasy is often used to reveal the insanity of evil's denial of contingence. The thesis concludes by exploring the implications of this basic 'looking away' content of Christian Truth for various aspects of life.

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Blood group glycolipids are important tools in the study of microbial receptor interactions and other biological phenomena. Presently blood group glycolipids of interest are isolated from biological samples. However, all glycolipids are not readily available due to the low frequency of some phenotypes in the general population. The ability to acquire the rare glycolipids from the degradation of common glycolipids would be a useful alternative to trying to obtain the molecules from biological sources.This research set out to establish the ability of blood group glycolipids to be degraded into useful glycolipids in a controlled manner by acid hydrolysis and possibly metal catalysis. The initial experiments investigated the degradation/hydrolysis of the more readily available glycolipid globoside with a range of salts and acids to establish degradation concepts such as; temperature, type of acid, acid concentration, and the role of metal ions in glycolipid degradation. These concepts then led to a series of degradation experiments with the blood group glycolipids Leb and ALeb. These glycolipids were incubated with a range of acid concentrations and varying temperatures. Thin layer chromatography separation and chemical and immunochemical staining were the main methods used to identify the products of degradation.It was established that metal ions were not directly involved in the catalysis of glycolipids in the short-term, however some metal ions were indirectly implicated in their degradation due to their ability to form acid solutions. Acid hydrolysis was established as the principle mechanism for glycan chain degradation. In general it was found that the glycan chain primarily lost its fucose groups (in no particular order) and was then followed by sequential degradation of the remaining glycan chain. The glycan chain also appeared to have a protective function on the ceramide moiety. Degradation of globoside established a simple sequential pathway of glycan chain reduction from the non-reducing end. Blood group glycolipids ALeb and Leb first lost their fucose side groups followed by sequential reduction of the glycan chain. Although not fully controllable, degradation of Leb was able to produce Lea, Led and Lec. In contrast degradation of ALeb did not produce any Lea or Led. Instead A-type 1 and two novel A-like structures, 'linear A' and 'GalNAc-Lea' were generated. Lec was only produced from ALeb in extremely acidic conditions. This research established the ability to generate, by acid hydrolysis, a range of rare and "unnatural" novel glycolipids from more commonly available structures. It is of interest that the so-called unnatural glycolipids obtained from the acid hydrolysis of ALeb may, in theory, occur naturally in the acid environment of the stomach, and as such could have the potential to be implicated in disease. It is probable that by applying the principles learned here, a range of novel and natural structures suitable for use in the study of biological interactions can be obtained.

The primary goal of this research concerns the synthesis and characterization of hybrid main group Lewis acids. Initially, the focus of this work was on the synthesis of derivatives possessing unusual bonding interactions enforced by a rigid 1,8- naphthalenediyl scaffold. After discovering a route to a new dilithio reagent, silicon based derivatives featuring R3Si-F->CR3 + and R3C-H->SiFR3 interactions of 2.703(2) and 2.32(2) Angstrom respectively were successfully synthesized and fully characterized. Another hybrid Lewis acid based on the 1,8-naphthalenediyl scaffold that was studied was a trinuclear B2/Hg Lewis acid. This molecule has been shown to bind two fluoride anions sequentially, and the binding events can be followed by differential pulsed votammetry. The final part of this work concerns the reactivity and redox behavior of main group systems. It has been shown that the p-phenylene linker in 4-dimesitylboryl-1- diarylmethylium benzenes effectively reduces electrochemical communication between the carbocation and borane moieties when compared to systems without the linker. Reduction of these species produces a derivative whose EPR signal is only slightly influenced by the ^11 B center. These findings have been further substantiated by theoretical calculations. Finally, the redox properties of alpha-phosphonio- and alpha- phosphonyl-carbocations have been studied. Chemical reduction of both species leads to a predominately carbon centered radical with coupling to the ^31P center of 18 and 19.7 G respectively. The alpha-phosphonio carbocations, however, also undergo ligand exchange reactions with pyridine derivatives suggesting that these species can also be referred to as ligand stabilized carbodications.

Thesis (M.A.)--Denver Seminary, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 76-78).

This thesis makes cross-cultural comparisons between various British and Japanese illustrated versions of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass, and explores the ways in which these different versions of Carroll's two masterpieces can throw light on the social and cultural changes that have taken place in these two countries since Carroll's time. My focus is, however, unambiguously on the Japanese reception of Alice, as narrative texts and as visual texts. The modern Japanese translations and illustrations of the two Alice books from 1899 to 1933, ranging over Meiji (1868-1912), Taisho (1912-1926) and Showa (1926-1989) Japan are dealt with. It is the first large-scale historical study of this kind, especially on Japanese illustrations, and the first to make detailed comparisons of different Japanese Alice translations and illustrations from a woman's perspective. It explores the ways in which Japanese translators, confronted by Carroll's nonsense fantasy, unprecedented in Japanese culture, attempted to achieve a new blend in language from Meiji to Showa Japan. It examines how Japanese translators and illustrators have interpreted Carroll's nonsense and how his nonsense has been transplanted into Japanese culture. Furthermore, particular attention is paid to the viewpoint of a young reader who is in the transitional stage from the little girl of Wonderland Alice to the early adolescent of Looking-Glass Alice and who is forced to make "Japanese sense" out of "Victorian sense". It explores how the Alice texts, both Carroll's and those of Japanese translators and illustrators, reflect women's and children's education, prevailing moral codes, and their general social and cultural circumstances, both in England and in Japan, and how particularly English elements have been transformed in the process of creating a Japanese Alice throughout the history of Japanese Alice translations.

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