Thesis (M.Ed.) --University of Limpopo, 2009. / Some dictionaries are presented in such a way that their target users could not easily retrieve the required semantic information with special reference to Xitsonga/English Dikixinari/Dictionary (2005). Semantic information in the dictionary is presented unsystematically. In some cases extra-linguistic information in the form of contextual guidance is presented, which is regarded as secondary information in the place of semantic information (which is primary). The study evaluates this dictionary in terms of the primary of semantic comments in Xitsonga/English Dictionary. The study finds that translation equivalents are not arranged systematically in the microstructure. The research concludes that extra-linguistic information in a form of contextual guidance must be systematical used in the microstructure of Xitsonga/English Dikixinary/Dictionary (2005) so that dictionary users could be able to retrieve systematic information that could help them to speak the target language in a communicative functional way. This as a result will lead to communicative success. / Not listed

Thesis (M.A. (African Languages)) --University of Limpopo, 2010 / This study is a comparative analysis of two English monolingual dictionaries and two Northern Sotho – English bilingual dictionaries, namely Concise Oxford English Dictionary(2006), Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary (2006), Pharos Popular Northern Sotho Dictionary (1995) and Sesotho Sa Leboa – English Pukuntšu Dictionary (2006). The above four dictionaries are compared in terms of cross – referencing, pronunciation and parts of speech. The microstructure of certain dictionaries does not address most problems that dictionary users have. It is in the microstructure, where dictionary users learn that certain lemmata are synonymous, polysemous in sense, antonyms or that a lemma has two alternative spellings, and that both spelling are acceptable. This is done through cross –referencing. Dictionary users need to be guided on how lemmata are pronounced, otherwise the meaning of lemmata become distorted. The other problem which the microstructure has to deal with, is to indicate the type of parts of speech lemmata are. This research is an attempt to make lexicographers aware of the importance of including the above aspects in the microstructure of their dictionaries.

La présente thèse a pour objet l’étude d’une partie du vocabulaire hobbesien, que nous définirons ici comme lexique de l’ "apparence". Par le terme d’apparence, que nous utilisons en tant que catégorie conceptuelle, nous nous référons à la problématique philosophique, typique des XVIe-XVIIe siècles, qui met en lumière une conscience nouvelle de la nature de la perception sensible. L’apparence montre, d’un côté, l’existence réelle et objective d’un monde en mesure de déterminer la sensibilité ; de l’autre, la conscience que nos représentations ne nous livrent pas un portrait fidèle du monde. La réflexion de Hobbes s’insère à l’intérieur de ce contexte: considérant la sensation comme le stade initial de la connaissance, dont dérive l’entière vie psychologique du sujet, le philosophe réduit nos représentations à des apparences qui n’ont aucune réalité en dehors de notre esprit. Cette conception détermine l’utilisation d’une terminologie particulière dont Hobbes se sert pour traiter le complexe thème de l’apparence des phénomènes. Notre travail se propose de reconstruire la réflexion hobbesienne sur une telle problématique en privilégiant une approche de type lexicographique, fondée sur la vérification des occurrences et concordances (publiées dans le vol. 2), mais aussi conceptuel, à travers les entrées répertoriées à cet effet. La méthodologie choisie est celle d’un examen des écrits de Hobbes mené dans un sens diachronique, en partant du principe qu’il s’agit là de la seule façon de vérifier la modulation des entrées dans leurs différents contextes (de la physiologie de la vision au rêve) tout en éclairant la pertinence par rapport à Hobbes du thème de phénoménisme. / This thesis aims at studying part of Hobbes’s vocabulary, that I define «lexicon of appearance». The word ‘appearance’, used as a conceptual category, refers to the philosophic problematic, greatly debated in the XVIth and XVIIth century, that highlights a new conscience of the nature of the sensitive perception. On one hand, the image appearance shows the real and objective existence of a world capable of defining sensitivity. On the other hand, it shows us that our representations do not always portray a faithful image of the world. Hobbes’s theory fits perfectly in this context: by considering sensitivity as the initial phase of our knowledge, by which our whole psychological life derives from, he reduces our representations into ‘appearances’ that only exist in our mind.This conception determines the use of a particular terminology that Hobbes uses to deal with the complex theme of the appearances of phenomena. This thesis aims at reconstructing Hobbes’s reflection by favouring a lexicographic approach, checking the material elements (occurrences and concordances, published in Vol. 2) aswell as the conceptual aspects of the entry words. The methodology chosen focuses on examining Hobbes’s lexicon in a diachronic fashion. I will assume that this is the only way to verify the words’ variations in the different contexts (from physiology of vision to dream) and highlight, at the same time, Hobbes’s relevance to ‘phenomenalism’.