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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
211

Electrochemical Characterization of Ultra-Thin Silicon Films

Lyons, Daniel Joseph January 2016 (has links)
No description available.
212

IDENTIFICATION OF GENES THAT COOPERATE WITH P53 IN TUMORIGENESIS

Ayanga, Bernard Aguya 20 December 2006 (has links)
No description available.
213

Chinese poetry of Li Po set by four twentieth century British composer: Bantock, Warlock, Bliss, and Lambert

Hsieh, Ching-Hsuan Lily 18 June 2004 (has links)
No description available.
214

Nanomateriales basados en grafeno y su aplicación en nuevos sistemas de energía

Latorre Sánchez, Marcos 01 September 2015 (has links)
[EN] The outstanding physico-chemical properties of graphene have gained considerable interest of the scientific community in last years due to the wide variety of applications in which this material could be used. In this doctoral thesis new nanomaterials based on graphene has been developed and their uses in fields such as Li-ion batteries, photocatalytic generation of hydrogen and photovoltaics have been studied. It has been shown that grapene oxide can be combined with other layered materials such as hydrotalcites and, after chemical reduction by pyrolysis, it is possible to obtain hybrid materials (metal oxides-reduced graphene oxide) that can be employed as anodes in Li-ion batteries, since they exhibit interesting properties derived from the combination of their components (chapter 3). A new way to prepare iron oxide nanoparticles embedded in a graphenic matrix has been presented, showing that this composite exhibits a high capacity of energy storage and durability when it is used as an anode in Li-ion batteries (chapter 4). It has been demonstrated that, although graphene oxide acts as an active photocatalysts under UV irradiation, this can be sensitized with dyes and, in particular, with ruthenium tris-2,2'-bipiridine, which can provide photoactivity under visible light for the generation of hydrogen from water (chapter 5). A new method to prepare phosphorous doped graphene has been described. This nanomaterial acts as a photocatalyst and, under certain conditions, is able to generate considerable amount of hydrogen from water using a UV-Vis lamp as an irradiation source. The values of hydrogen generation rate obtained are comparable to those of the most active organic heterogeneous photocatalysts described in the state of the art (chapter 6). A new method to prepare a p-n heterojunction has been presented, which is based on the combination of boron doped graphene and nitrogen doped graphene. This heterojunction is able to generate higher photocurrent and photovoltage than the separated semiconductor components (chapter 7). / [ES] Las extraordinarias propiedades físico-químicas del grafeno han despertado el interés de la comunidad científica en los últimos años debido a las múltiples aplicaciones en las que se podría usar este material. En esta tesis doctoral se han desarrollado nuevos nanomateriales basados en grafeno y se ha estudiado su uso en campos como las baterías de ion-Li, la producción fotocatalítica de hidrógeno y la fotovoltaica. Se ha demostrado que el óxido de grafeno se puede combinar con otros materiales laminares como las hidrotalcitas y que, tras su reducción química por pirólisis, es posible obtener materiales híbridos (óxidos metálicos/óxido de grafeno reducido) que pueden ser empleados como ánodos en baterías de ion-Li, ya que poseen interesantes propiedades derivadas de la combinación de sus componentes (capítulo 3). Se ha presentado una forma novedosa de preparar nanopartículas de óxido de hierro embebidas en una matriz grafénica, estableciendo que este composite posee una elevada capacidad de almacenamiento de carga y durabilidad cuando es empleado como ánodo en baterías de ion-Li (capítulo 4). Se ha comprobado que, aunque el óxido de grafeno es un fotocatalizador activo con luz ultravioleta, éste se puede sensibilizar con colorantes y, en particular, con rutenio tris-2,2'-bipiridilo, el cual le proporciona fotoactividad frente a la luz visible para la generación de hidrógeno a partir de agua (capítulo 5). Se ha descrito un método novedoso de preparar grafeno dopado con fósforo. Este nanomaterial se comporta como fotocatalizador y bajo ciertas condiciones, es capaz de generar cantidades importantes de hidrógeno a partir de agua utilizando lámpara de UV-Vis, midiéndose valores de velocidad de generación de hidrógeno que son comparables con los de los fotocatalizadores orgánicos heterogéneos más activos descritos en el estado del arte (capítulo 6). Se ha presentado una forma novedosa de preparar una heterounión p-n basada en la combinación de grafeno dopado con boro y grafeno dopado con nitrógeno. Esta heterounión es capaz de generar mayor fotocorriente y fotovoltaje que los componentes semiconductores por separado (capítulo 7). / [CA] Les extraordinàries propietats fisico-químiques del grafè han despertat l'interès de la comunitat científica en els últims anys a causa de les múltiples aplicacions en les que es podria fer servir aquest material. En aquesta Tesi doctoral s'han desenvolupat nous nanomaterials basats en grafè i s'ha estudiat el seu ús en camps com les bateries d'ió-Li, la producció fotocatalítica d'hidrogen i la fotovoltaica. S'ha demostrat que l'òxid de grafè es pot combinar amb altres materials laminars com les hidrotalcites i que, després de la seva reducció química per piròlisi, és possible obtenir materials híbrids (òxids metàl¿lics / òxid de grafè reduït) que poden ser utilitzats com ànodes en bateries d'ió-Li, ja que posseeixen interessants propietats derivades de la combinació dels seus components (capítol 3). S'ha presentat una forma nova de preparar nanopartícules d'òxid de ferro embegudes en una matriu grafénica, establint que aquest composite té una elevada capacitat d'emmagatzematge de càrrega i durabilitat quan és utilitzat com a ànode en bateries d'ió-Li (capítol 4). S'ha comprovat que, tot i l'òxid de grafè és un fotocatalitzador actiu amb llum ultraviolada, aquest es pot sensibilitzar amb colorants i, en particular, amb ruteni tris-2,2'-bipiridil, el qual li proporciona fotoactivitat enfront de la llum visible per a la generació d'hidrogen a partir d'aigua (capítol 5). S'ha descrit un mètode nou de preparar grafè dopat amb fòsfor. Aquest nanomaterial es comporta com fotocatalitzador i sota certes condicions, és capaç de generar quantitats importants d'hidrogen a partir d'aigua utilitzant llum d'UV-Vis, mesurant valors de velocitat de generació d'hidrogen que són comparables amb els dels fotocatalitzadors orgànics heterogenis més actius descrits en l'estat de l'art (capítol 6). S'ha presentat una forma nova de preparar una heterounió p-n basada en la combinació de grafè dopat amb bor i grafè dopat amb nitrogen. Aquesta heterounió és capaç de generar major fotocorrent i fotovoltatge que els components semiconductors per separat (capítol 7). / Latorre Sánchez, M. (2015). Nanomateriales basados en grafeno y su aplicación en nuevos sistemas de energía [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/54135
215

Understanding the Mechanical and Electrochemical Impacts of Binder Systems on Silicon Anodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries

Sun, Fei 20 June 2024 (has links) (PDF)
Silicon has emerged as a promising alternative to traditional graphite as an anode material in battery technology, primarily due to its high theoretical capacity and abundance. However, its application is hindered by significant challenges, including severe volume expansion in the active material (~275%) during cycling, which can lead to a series of electrode failure issues. Polymer binder plays an essential role in addressing these challenges as it accommodates silicon's volume expansion and the rearrangement of particles. This work conducted an analysis of how different binders influence mechanical and electrochemical properties of silicon electrodes. Our findings are supported by a series of experiments, aimed at addressing the challenge of silicon volume expansion and improving the durability and efficiency of silicon-based anodes. Water-soluble polyacrylic acid (PAA) has emerged as a promising binder material for silicon anodes, with lithium hydroxide (LiOH) frequently added to improve the rheological properties of the slurry. However, literature presents varying results regarding the electrochemical performance of batteries incorporating LiOH in PAA binders. In addressing these discrepancies, our research investigates the role of LiOH in PAA, defining its impact through two primary factors: lithium-ion concentration and pH level. Our analysis involved conducting cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests, which confirmed our hypothesis that the addition of Li+ ions improves ion transport. Regarding pH, an optimal middle-ground pH level is identified, balancing the advantages shown at both lower and higher pH ranges. Despite the observed benefits of water-soluble PAA binder, such binders frequently result in uneven carbon distribution in coating, attributed to the poor wettability of nano-carbon in water. Consequently, the next portion of this work revisits the use of a traditional NMP (N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone) soluble binder, PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride), known for its widespread application in battery technology. However, PVDF-based silicon anodes often exhibit poor cycling performance. To address this issue and enhance the binder's flexibility, we attempted to chemically modify PVDF by incorporating carboxylic acid (-COOH) groups and reducing the polymer chain length. Despite these efforts, the experimental results did not show an improvement in cycling performance. The findings suggest that the deteriorated performance may be due to a weakened adhesion to the current collector for short-chain polymers. We then explore additional binder systems in an attempt to improve Si electrode performance. Our previous research suggests a trade-off between flexibility and adhesion in shortened polymers. To further verify this, we investigate the effect of two commercially available short-chain polymer binders, namely Jeffamine D-2000 and PAA(2000). Next, in order to mitigate the adverse effects of short polymer chain lengths on mechanical performance, we adopt an adhesion layer between the bulk electrode layer and the current collector. Finally, we evaluate several binders known for their promising results in other battery systems, including polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP), and polyimide (PI). A series of mechanical and electrochemical characteristics of the as-mentioned binders are investigated. The findings confirm that shorter polymer chain length leads to a weaker adhesion between the electrode coating and the current collector. Additionally, we discovered that introducing an adhesion layer can enhance the cycling stability of silicon anodes.
216

L’ontologie de Li Zehou 李泽厚 : Une intégration transculturelle de la philosophie / Li Zehou's Ontology : A Transcultural Integration of Philosophy

Kopec, Vanessa 16 December 2013 (has links)
Li Zehou 李泽厚 (1930 - ) est l’une des plus importantes figures de la philosophie chinoise contemporaine. A l’issue d’un itinéraire philosophique qui le conduit de Changsha à Beijing, puis aux Etats-Unis, où il enseigne à Colorado College, Li Zehou œuvre à la création d’une philosophie chinoise, réactualisant l’héritage traditionnel chinois par l’intégration de la philosophie. Lors de ce parcours, il étudie l’histoire de la pensée chinoise, devient le plus éminent spécialiste de l’esthétique chinoise, et s'attelle à la critique de la Critique de Kant. Depuis les années 2000, son travail se concentre sur le champ de l’ontologie, au sein duquel il propose sa propre théorie, “L’ontologie anthropologico-historique”.Cette étude est une exploration de l’ontologie de Li Zehou, mais dans une perspective qui dépasse les affirmations de son auteur. Grâce à une méthode multi-focale, nous travaillons à décrire, le plus précisément possible, quels sont les engagements ontologiques réels de Li Zehou. D’abord, à partir de son traitement des philosophies de Marx, Kant et Dewey, quelles sont les options ontologiques propres à la philosophie qu’il admet, et quelles sont celles qu’il rejette? Ensuite, quelles créations ontologiques découvrons-nous en parcourant ses textes, et en offrant une voix philosophique française à ce philosophie chinois ? Enfin, comment l’ontologie, et plus généralement la philosophie de Li Zehou, se situe-t-elle sur le plan philosophique, dans le monde du “sens philosophique” ? Quelles cohérences, quelles résonances, quelles différences, faut-il identifier par rapport aux enseignements chinois et aux courants philosophiques ? / Li Zehou 李泽厚 (1930 - ) is one of the foremost figure of contemporary Chinese philosophy. He is at the end of a philosophical path that lead him from Changsha to Beijing and to the United States of America, where he teaches at Colorado College, and is working on the creation of a Chinese philosophy, reactualizing the Chinese traditional legacy through the integration of philosophy. Simultaneously, he studied the history of Chinese philosophy, became the most eminent specialist of Chinese aesthetics and criticized Kant’s Critique. Since the 2000s, he has focused his work on the field of ontology, in which he has proposed his own theory, “The anthropologico-historical ontology”.This study is an exploration of Li Zehou’s ontology, but in a perspective that exceeds the assertions of the author. Thanks to a multi-focal methodology, we will describe as thoroughly as possible what Li Zehou’s real ontological commitments are. At first, starting from his study of Marx, Kant, and Dewey’s philosophies, we’ll seek to identify which ontological options he admits and which he rejects, among the traditional philosophical ones. Then, we’ll focus on his own ontological creations, by analyzing his texts and giving him a French philosophical voice. Finally, we will situate his ontology and his philosophy in the philosophical plan, within the world of “philosophical meaning”. What consistencies, resonances and differences should we identify as regards the Chinese teachings and philosophical movements?
217

Análise microestrutural, tenacidade à fratura e vida em fadiga das AA7050-T7451 e AA2050-T84 (Al-Li) / Microstructural analysis, fracture toughness and fatigue life of AA7050-T7451 and AA2050-T84 (Al-Li) alloys

Pascoal Júnior, Fernando Antonio 23 February 2015 (has links)
No presente trabalho foi realizado um estudo comparativo entre as ligas AA7050- T7451 e AA2050-T84, bem como entre as direções L-T e T-L para analisar o comportamento das ligas, quando submetidos à temperatura ambiente e criogênica. Para realizar a análise comparativa entre as ligas e entre as direções, foram utilizados corpos de prova tipo C(T) (Compacto Tension), pré-trincados em fadiga. A análise comportamental das ligas foram avaliadas através dos ensaios de tenacidade à fratura, KIC, Curva KR, fadiga, da/dN. A microestrutura foi caracterizada através da microscopia ótica, microscopia eletrônica de varredura e microscopia eletrônica de transmissão. Foi observado que na direção L-T há uma maior resistência à propagação da trinca em relação à direção T-L, no que diz respeito à Curva KR, tanto para temperatura ambiente quanto para temperatura criogênica. Quando comparou-se as duas ligas na direção L-T em temperatura ambiente, ambas apresentaram um fator de intensidade de tensão similar. Os resultados dos ensaios de fadiga mostraram que a direção T-L é mais sensível à razão de carga. Analisando os resultados entre as direções L-T e T-L, observou-se que as duas ligas apresentaram comportamento anisotrópico. / A comparative study was made of the AA7050-T7451 and AA2050-T84 alloys and of the L-T and T-L directions to analyze the behavior of the alloys when subjected to room and cryogenic temperatures. The comparative analyses of the alloys and directions were performed using fatigue-precracked compact tension (CT) test specimens. The behavior of the alloys was analyzed based on fracture toughness, KIC, KR curve, fatigue, and da/dN tests. Their microstructure was characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The KR curve indicated that resistance to crack propagation was higher in the L-T direction than in the T-L direction at both room and cryogenic temperatures. In a comparison of the two alloys in the L-T direction at room temperature, they were found to present a similar stress intensity factor. The results of the fatigue tests demonstrated that the T-L direction is more sensitive to the load ratio. An analysis of the results in the L-T and T-L directions indicated that the two alloys exhibited anisotropic behavior.
218

Funcionalização do 3,4,6-tri-O-acetil-D-glucal com sais de organotrifluoroboratos de potássio e reações de click chemistry para a geração e funcionalização de triazóis / Functionalization of 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-D-glucal with potassium organotrifluoroborate salts and click chemistry reactions for the generation and functionalization of triazoles.

Silva, Nathalia Cristina da Silva e 22 February 2013 (has links)
No presente trabalho, foi desenvolvida uma metodologia sintética para a funcionalização de um monossacarídeo derivado da D-glicose através do Rearranjo de Ferrier, utilizando-se um sal de organotrifluoroborato de potássio como nucleófilo. Em seguida, foi feita a reação de cicloadição azida-acetileno com cobre, através de estratégias simples e eficientes, que seguem a filosofia da click chemistry, permitindo a preparação de uma série de compostos com grande diversidade estrutural, possuindo dois anéis heterocíclicos e diversos substituintes, com promissora atividade biológica. Dando continuidade ao projeto, foi feita a metanólise dos grupamentos acetila, com carbonato de potássio e metanol. Assim, as novas moléculas adquirem maior hidrofilicidade e podem ser enviadas para novos testes biológicos, para fins de comparação com as anteriores. A partir dos compostos desprotegidos, foi feita a mesilação seletiva da hidroxila primária do açúcar e a substituição com selenolato de sódio, com a obtenção de seleno-carboidratos inéditos. Em uma segunda etapa do trabalho, exploramos a reatividade do núcleo triazólico, com a reação de troca Te/Li seguida de captura por eletrófilo. O material de partida foi sintetizado a partir do fenil acetileno. Com o triazol telurado em mãos, partimos para as reações de troca e captura por eletrófilo. Utilizamos diferentes tipos de eletrófilos, como aldeídos, cetonas, iodetos, dentre outros. / We developed a synthetic methodology for the functionalization of a monosaccharide derived from D-glucose, using the Ferrier rearrangement with a potassium organotrifluoroborate salt as the nucleophile. This way, a series of coumpounds with high structural diversity and two heterocyclic rings having different substituents were produced, using the azide-acetylene cycloaddition reaction. Through this simple and efficient methodology, that follows the \"click chemistry\" philosophy, we could synthesize molecules with promising biological activity. Continuing the project, we performed the methanolysis of the acetyl groups, with potassium carbonate and methanol. Thus, the new molecules become more hydrophilic and could be sent to new biological tests, for a comparison with the previous ones. From the deprotected compounds, we were able to mesilate the primary hydroxyl and substitute it with sodium selenolate, obtaining novel selenium-carbohydrates. In a second part of our work, we were able to exploit the triazole reactivity trough the Te/Li exchange reaction followed by the electrophile capture. The starting material was obtained from phenyl acetylene. With the teluratte in our hands, we set out to the exchange reactions, using several types of electrophiles, such as aldehydes, ketones, iodide, among others.
219

Função resposta de detectores semicondutores, Ge e Si(Li) / Response function of semiconductor detectors, Ge and Si (Li)

Chávez, Juan Yury Zevallos 14 August 2003 (has links)
A Função Resposta (FR) foi obtida para os detectores semicondutores Ge e Si(Li) usando o método semiempírico. A FR foi calculada para cinco detectores, 4 de HpGe, de volumes ativos 89 cm3, 50 cm3, 8 cm3 e 5 cm3, e um detector de Si(Li) de 0,143 cm3 de volume ativo. O intervalo de energia estudado dói de 6 keV até 1,5 MeV. Dois tipos de estudos foram realizados neste trabalho. O primeiro estudo foi a dependência da FR com a geometria de detecção. Este estudo envolveu o cálculo da FR para uma geometria denominada simples e a extrapolação da FR calculada. A extração da FR foi realizada para analisar tanto espectros obtidos com uma geometria com blindagem, como espectros onde a distância fonte-detector foi modificada. O segundo estudo foi a dependência da FR com a eletrônica de detecção. Este estudo foi realizado variando-se o tempo de formação de pulso na eletrônica de detecção. O objetivo foi a de verificar a existência ou ausência do efeito do déficit balístico na resolução do detector. Este efeito não foi observado. As componentes da FR que descrevem a região de absorção total da energia dos fótons incidentes, bem como as componentes que descrevem a absorção parcial dessa energia foram estudadas. Particularmente, neste trabalho, foram propostas funções empíricas tanto para o tratamento do espalhamento Compton múltiplo originado no próprio detector (cristal), como para o espalhamento de fótons originado nas vizinhanças do cristal. Um estudo através de simulações via Monte Carlo foi também realizado, para a compreensão das estruturas de espalhamento de fótons produzidas numa blindagem de ferro. Uma proposta de deconvolução de espectros envolvendo radiação espalhada foi estudada, para fins de cálculo da dose depositada no material espalhador. / The Response Function (RF) for Ge and Si(Li) semiconductor detectors was obtained. The RF was calculated for Five detectors, four HpGe with active volumes of 89 cm3, 50 cm3, 8 cm3 and 5 cm3, and one Si(Li) with 0,143 cm3 of active volume. The intervalo f energy studied ranger from 6 keV up to 1,5 MeV. Two kinds of studies were done in this work. The first one was the RF dependence with the detection geometry. Here the calculation of the RF for a geometry named as simple and na extrapolation of that RF, were both done. The extrapolation peocess analyzed both, spectra obtained with a shielding geometry and spectra where the source-detector distance was modified. The second one was the RF dependence with the detection electronics. The purpose was to verify the effect of the ballistic déficit in the resolution of the detector. This effect was not observed. The RF component that describe the region of the total absorption of the energy of the incident phtons, and the partial absorption of this energy, were both treated. In particular, empirical functions were proposed for the treatment of both, the multiple scattering originated in the detector (crystal), and the phton scattering originated in materials of the neighborhood of the crytal. Another study involving Monte Carlo simulations was also done in order to comprehend the photon scattering strutures produced in na iron shield. A deconvolution method is suggested, for spectra related to scattered radition in order to assess the dose delivered to the scattered.
220

Prevalência de critérios para avaliação genética em pacientes com câncer de mama atendidos no hospital universitário de Santa Maria

Santos, João Paulo Franco dos January 2016 (has links)
Objetivo: Até 10% dos casos de câncer de mama estão associados com uma síndrome genética de predisposição ao câncer. A identificação de possíveis portadores dessas síndromes e o consequente encaminhamento para aconselhamento genético permitem a adoção de estratégias direcionadas de prevenção e rastreamento capazes de diminuir morbidade e mortalidade. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a proporção de pacientes com câncer de mama atendidos no Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria (HUSM) que necessitariam ser encaminhados para avaliação genética. Métodos: Pacientes com câncer de mama que iniciaram tratamento oncológico no HUSM durante o ano de 2014 foram considerados elegíveis. Uma entrevista foi conduzida com cada paciente para coleta de dados e exame físico dirigido. O questionário FSH-7 (Family Story Screening 7) e os critérios do NCCN (National Comprehensive Cancer Network) foram utilizados para identificar os pacientes que deveriam ser encaminhados para avaliação genética. Estes pacientes foram então avaliados quanto à indicação de teste genético - de acordo com as recomendações do NCCN para teste genético – e à probabilidade de mutações nos genes BRCA1 e BRCA2 através de modelos de predição de risco (BOADICEA, Penn II, sistema de escore de Manchester e tabelas da Myriad). Resultados: Dentre os 114 participantes do estudo, 65 (57%) preenchiam critérios de encaminhamento para avaliação genética de acordo com as diretrizes do NCCN. O questionário FHS-7 apresentou uma sensibilidade de 90% para identificar estes pacientes, com uma especificidade de 85%. A presença de história pessoal ou familiar de câncer de mama antes dos 50 anos foi o critério mais comum para indicar avaliação genética. Em relação aos testes genéticos, 52 pacientes (45%) deveriam ser testados para mutações nos genes BRCA1 e BRCA2 e 4 pacientes (3,5%) possuíam indicação de teste para mutações em TP53, de acordo com as recomendações do NCCN. Utilizando os modelos de predição de risco, 10,2% a 57,1% dos pacientes apresentavam uma probabilidade ≥ 10% de mutações em BRCA1 ou BRCA2. Conclusão: Este estudo revelou que a maioria dos pacientes com câncer de mama atendidos no HUSM possui indicação de encaminhamento para avaliação genética. A utilização de um questionário simples e rápido poderia identificar 90% destes pacientes. / Objective: Up to 10% of breast cancers are associated with a hereditary cancer syndrome. The identification of possible carriers of these syndromes and the subsequent referral for genetic counselling allow the adoption of tailored screening and prevention strategies capable of reducing morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study is to assess the proportion of patients with breast cancer treated at the University Hospital of Santa Maria (HUSM) that would need to be referred for genetic evaluation. Methods: Breast cancer patients who began cancer treatment at HUSM during the year 2014 were eligible. An interview was conducted with each patient for data collection and targeted physical examination. The FSH-7 (Family Story Screening 7) questionnaire and the NCCN (National Comprehensive Cancer Network) criteria were used to identify patients who should be referred for genetic evaluation. Then these patients were assessed for genetic testing criteria - according to the NCCN recommendations for genetic testing - and the likelihood of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations through risk prediction models (BOADICEA, Penn II, Manchester score system and Myriad tables). Results: Among the 114 study participants, 65 (57%) meet referral criteria for genetic evaluation according to the NCCN guidelines. The FHS-7 questionnaire showed a sensitivity of 90% to identify such patients with a specificity of 85%. The presence of personal or family history of breast cancer before age 50 was the most common criteria to indicate genetic evaluation. With respect to genetic testing, 52 patients (45%) should be tested for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations and 4 patients (3.5%) had test indication for TP53 mutations in accordance with the recommendations of the NCCN. Using risk prediction models, 10.2% to 57.1% of patients had a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations probability ≥ 10%. Conclusion: This study showed that most of the patients with breast cancer treated at HUSM have referral indication for genetic evaluation. The use of a fast and simple questionnaire could identify 90% of these patients.

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