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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Europe and Eurasia))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2010. / Thesis Advisor(s): Knopf, Jeffery ; Shore, Zachary. "March 2010." Author(s) subject terms: International relations, reassurance, deterrence, compellence, Colombia, Cyprus, Italy, Libya, Morocco, Nicaragua, Spain. Includes bibliographical references (p. 110-128). Also available in print.

Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Middle East, South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2010. / Thesis Advisor(s): Lawson, Letitia L. ; Russell, James A. "March 2010." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 27, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Qadhafi, Libya, WMD, terrorism, sanctions, coercive diplomacy. Includes bibliographical references (p. 73-79). Also available in print.

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This research study explores the significance of the marketing interface for small and medium-sized enterprises in the Libyan tourism industry. The choice of Libya as the context for this research is highly relevant for two reasons. First, no similar studies concerning Libya have been previously undertaken. Second, the tourism industry has progressed since the announcement by the government to diversify the economy and is an excellent example of the role of the small firm in diversifying an economy that has been largely dominated by the state and heavily dependent on oil revenue for almost three decades. The tourism industry is seen as the best alternative to oil as the country is regarded as one of the most alluring tourist destinations in the World. These developments have prompted research into whether entrepreneurial and small business marketing has a significant role in the evolution of the industry through the small and medium-sized enterprise sector. The research considers the management of the small enterprise and in particular the marketing practices applied by the small firm. It also examines whether the owner/managers' abilities and experience are relevant to the success of the firm through the marketing interface. The research extrapolates a hierarchy for the significance of the factors that influence the marketing interface that is both rigorous and definitive. The research uses both quantitative and qualitative data collected through questionnaires and interviews with various small enterprise owner-managers working in the Libyan tourism industry to develop a conceptual framework. The findings indicate that small firms are oriented towards the marketing interface and this contributes to their overall performance. This study also confirms the importance of the small firm to the success of the Libyan tourism industry and it reinforces the need for politicians, policy makers and stakeholders in the industry to give greater support to promoting entrepreneurship and small firm development. The investigation concludes by making recommendations for further areas of research regarding the marketing interface in the small firm sector not only in the tourism industry but also in other sectors of the Libyan economy.

One of the main capital expenditures is construction projects; these can provide very large profits. These profits can be used for public projects; that are justified by cost-benefit analysis, or private projects; that are justified by budget constraints. Most projects have a very tight financial plan that is part of a large scheme. As projects are very cost intensive one of the main roles of project managers are to estimate total costs and ensure the budget is kept throughout the duration of the project. Libya is a developing country that has a growing construction industry, however, the management of construction projects frequently experiences challenges with time and cost restraints and this affects the overall performance of the project as well as the performance of the project managers. The main aim of this thesis is to investigate and evaluate the factors that impact project manager performance and their ability to complete and deliver projects successfully in Libya. This study will ascertain the role of project managers, the challenges that project managers in Libya frequently encounter the cause of time and cost overruns within construction projects and the main factors for successful construction projects. This research adopted both quantitative and qualitative research methods. The findings are based upon 300 structured questionnaires distributed to general, project managers working on construction sectors in Libya (Tripoli). Completed questionnaires received were 183. This is a response rate of 61%. The data was analyzed by using factor analysis (FA). A statistical analysis was used to confirm and addressed the issues of reliability and validity of the questionnaire survey as a measuring instrument. In addition structured interviews with qualified project managers were used to confirm that the data collected was truly reflective. Upon the data analysis from the questionnaire survey and structured interview that the project manager is the most important factor affecting the success of the project in construction industries Libya, furthermore project manager skills are important component that influence the performance of project manager. Proposed guideline has been adopted for implementation of balanced scorecard in Libya to help construction organisations improved their strategic management system. Finally, the conclusions, key findings, recommendations to industry, limitations of the study, and possible further work in research were discussed.

Thesis (M.M. (Security))--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, Graduate School of Public and Development Management, 2013. / The African Union is legally mandated by its Constitutive Act to intervene in security situations like the Libyan crisis of 2011, namely, to protect populations from genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity, collectively known as mass atrocity crimes. In this respect, Article 4(h) of the AU Constitutive Act accords the right of AU “to intervene in a member State pursuant to a decision of Assembly in respect of grave circumstances, namely; war crimes, genocide and crimes against humanity.” When the Libyan crisis that had all the hallmarks of mass atrocity crimes broke out, African Union showed willingness to intervene and solve the crisis by passing resolutions, establishing fact finding missions, and, forming High Level Ad hoc committee comprising of 5 African Presidents and the AU Commission. However, when the time for reckoning came, AU was relegated to the periphery by NATO and other International actors in finding solutions to the Libyan crisis. This study therefore, examines and assesses the African Union’s response to the Libyan crisis of 2011 in light of the Article 4(h) of the Constitutive Act (intervention). The method of data collection majorly relied on what AU did in form of resolutions, Letters and other publications, and what has been written about AU’s actions in reference to the Libyan crisis of 2011. The study examined the measures AU took to respond to the crisis, the AU organs that were greatly engaged in looking for the solution to the crisis, and whether the measures undertaken were sufficient in resolving the crisis, and, in the hind sight what AU ought to have done. The study looked at the weaknesses that beset African Union in trying to look for a solution to the Libyan crisis, and concludes by proving recommendations for strengthening African Union Peace and Security Architecture to be able to confront head on, future African security crises like the Libyan one of 2011.

Yes / This empirical study investigated senior managers’ perceptions and application of strategic management in the Libyan National Oil Corporation (NOC). Key factors influencing the processes of strategic management were identified and overall findings have been compared with a model of strategic management. A case study approach was adopted, based on a two-stage research design. The first stage comprised of a survey involving seventy senior managers and was followed by twelve semi-structured interviews to deepen the questionnaire findings with qualitative data. Findings suggest that the Libyan NOC may have relied too heavily in the past on strategy formulation and strategic management as the preserve of a very few individuals at the top of the organization. Whilst political directives set the strategy for the whole organisation, a gap in knowledge and understanding existed between the senior business managers and the political appointments to the Board. The case study does not necessarily reflect the situation in other NOCs. Furthermore, it excludes the impact of the revolution in Libya. Recommendations have been made for improving practice concerned steps in the strategic management process and senior managers’ effectiveness within the Board team. In the context of an example of a state-owned enterprise, the inclusion of three elements was suggested: Board effectiveness, medium-term objectives and social responsibility as an aspect of environmental scanning. This is a first time empirical study of senior managers’ perceptions of strategic management in a National Oil Company.

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Thesis--Lund. / Summary in English. Bibliography: p. 421-424.