No description available.

In this thesis, studies on the applications of digital micro-mirror devices (DMD) to enhancement of digital optical microscope images are presented. This involves adaptation of the fast switching capability and high optical efficiency of DMD to control the spatial illumination of the specimen. The first study focuses on a method of using DMD to enhance the dynamic range of a digital optical microscope. Our adaptive feedback illumination control method generates a high dynamic range image through an algorithm that combines the DMD-to-camera pixel geometrical mapping and a feedback operation. The feedback process automatically generates an illumination pattern in an iterative fashion that spatially modulates the DMD array elements on a pixel-by-pixel level. Via experiment, we demonstrate a transmitted-light microscope system that uses precise DMD control of a DMD-based projector to enhance the dynamic range ideally by a factor of 573. Results are presented showing approximately 5 times the camera dynamic range, enabling visualization over a wide range of specimen characteristics. The second study presents a technique for programming the source of the spherical reference illumination in a digital in-line holographic microscope using DMD. The programmable point source is achieved by individually addressing the elements of a DMD to spatially control the illumination of the object located at some distance from the source of the spherical reference field. Translation of the ON-state DMD mirror element changes the spatial location of the point source and consequently generates a sequence of translated holograms of the object. The experimental results obtained through numerical reconstruction of translated holograms of Latex microspheres shows the possibility of expanding the field of view by about 263% and also extracting depth information between features in an object volume. The common challenges associated with the use of DMD in coherent and broadband illumination control in both studies are discussed.

No description available.

In this work, we study the use of a spatial light modulator (SLM) for local manipulation of phase in interfering laser beams to fabricate photonic crystal templates with embedded, engineered defects. A SLM displaying geometric phase patterns was used as a digitally programmable phase mask to fabricate 4-fold and 6-fold symmetric photonic crystal templates. Through pixel-by-pixel phase engineering, digital control of the phases of one or more of the interfering beams was demonstrated, thus allowing change in the interference pattern. The phases of the generated beams were programmed at specific locations, resulting in defect structures in the fabricated photonic lattices such as missing lattice line defects, and single-motif lattice defects in dual-motif lattice background. The diffraction efficiency from the phase pattern was used to locally modify the filling fraction in holographically fabricated structures, resulting in defects with a different fill fraction than the bulk lattice. Through two steps of phase engineering, a spatially variant lattice defect with a 90° bend in a periodic bulk lattice was fabricated. Finally, by reducing the relative phase shift of the defect line and utilizing the different diffraction efficiency between the defect line and the background phase pattern, desired and functional defect lattices can be registered into the background lattice through direct imaging of the designed phase patterns.

QC 20101206

La technique d’usinage par impulsions laser femtosecondes possède de nombreux avantages du fait des spécificités physique de l’interaction laser/matière en mode ultra-bref et est donc susceptible d’intéresser le monde industriel. Néanmoins elle présente aussi certaines limitations, principalement en terme de flexibilité et de productivité, limitant l’accès à ce marché. Pour repousser ces limites, nous proposons d’adjoindre des techniques de contrôle du faisceau, à la fois en taille, et plus généralement en forme, exploités par ailleurs dans d’autres domaines scientifiques (pincettes optiques notamment). Ces techniques reposent sur l’utilisation de modulateurs spatiaux de lumière (SLM). Deux solutions sont proposées : la modulation d’amplitude en configuration d’imagerie, et la modulation de phase pure en configuration de Fourier. Le formalisme, les différentes problématiques et la mise en oeuvre de ces deux techniques au sein d’une station de travail prototype que nous avons développée sont présentés. Enfin, nous mettons en évidence le gain apporté par ces techniques sur des problématiques concrètes, tels que l’usinage de réseaux résonant à l’échelle nanométrique, la réduction du temps d’usinage de ces réseaux (ou d’autres motifs), et l’amélioration de la qualité d’usinage de rainures / Femtosecond laser machining processes present many interesting properties owing to the specificities of the light/matter interaction in ultrafast regime. Thus the process may be of prime interest in industrial applications. However some aspects are not compatible with industrialization: namely a lack of flexibility and productivity. To overcome this limitations we propose to add beam shaping techniques in the process that allow control of the beam both in size and shape. These techniques are based on Spatial Light Modulators (SLM). Two different solutions are proposed: amplitude modulation in a geometrical conjugation scheme, and pure phase modulation in a Fourier scheme. Both are integrated in a prototype workstation. We justify the different choices made during the development by the analysis of the formalisms and specific problematics. Finally, enhancements of the femtosecond laser machining process are practically demonstrated in three different fields: reducing the resolution to nanometric scale, reducing the processing time of different texturations and enhancing the quality of simple grooves by modifying only the beam shape

Traffic from wireless and mobile devices is predicted to increase 10-fold between 2014 and 2019, surpassing wired data traffic by 2016. Given the expected radio frequency (RF) capacity crunch, this growing wireless demand will have to be met using a variety of new technologies exploiting other parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. Promising research areas include the Millimetre Band as well as Optical Wireless Communications (OWC). Millimetre Band demonstrations have accomplished ultrafast multi-Gigabit links, making use of state-of-the-art fibre transmission systems. However, complex opto-electronic (OE) interfaces are required to convert the optical carrier into Millimetre wireless signals. To avoid these interfaces, an all-optical transparent network is proposed here, spanning over both the fibre and OWC domains, in order to deliver ultrahigh data rates to mobile end-users in indoor environments. This is supported by the recent deployment of fibre-to-the-home (FTTH) networks creating the potential for Terabit aggregate connections at the user's doorstep. Therefore, infrared fibre-wireless-fibre (FWF) links are studied to support data rates over 100 Gb/s in nomadic applications. The link coverage is achieved via narrow beam beamsteering over a wide field-of-view (FOV) using suitable localization and tracking techniques. The proposed model is inherently bidirectional and transparent, i.e. independent of the data rate and modulation format. In this thesis, the potential for ultrafast wide coverage OWCs using SMF-based transceivers and coherent transmission is demonstrated. A record data rate of 418 Gb/s and 209 Gb/s with a wide FOV of θ_FOV=±30° and θ_FOV=±20°, respectively, is shown at a free space range of 3 m. To the best of our knowledge, this is the fastest demonstration of an indoor wireless link that offers practical room-scale coverage. The automated alignment of this FWF link is also demonstrated with the design and implementation a mm-accurate localization and tracking system. Finally, architectures for point-to-multipoint communications are explored in order to adapt the system to multiple users.

Orientadores: Hugo Enrique Hernandez Figueroa , Júlio César Rodrigues Fernandes de Oliveira / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T03:17:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Freitas_AlexandrePassos_M.pdf: 2935936 bytes, checksum: 2bf660b1a9d7a183bc552d3db9da1b97 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: O crescente aumento da demanda de tráfego de dados dos sistemas de comunicação ópticos em conjunto com a busca da integração e miniaturização cada vez maior dos componentes impulsionaram a fotônica integrada em silício como uma das tecnologias promissoras para a evolução das novas gerações de dispositivos ópticos. Esta tecnologia, além de possuir suas características de um alto contraste de índice de refração, capacidade de modulação óptica através de controle de temperatura ou por densidade de portadores, se utiliza da infra-estrutura de fabricação para a indústria de microeletrônica já desenvolvida nas últimas décadas. Neste cenário, este trabalho propõe o desenvolvimento de um modulador de fase fabricado com a tecnologia de fotônica integrada em silício para o formato de modulação DP-QPSK e que opere na banda C de comunicação óptica. Análises de simulações e experimentais foram realizadas para a validação do fluxo de desenvolvimento do circuito e de cada componentes utilizado individualmente / Abstract: The increasing demand for data in optical communication systems with a constant search for reduction of device dimensions boosted silicon photonics as a candidate technology to the following optical device generations. Besides having high refractive index contrast, modulation capabilities through thermal or by carrier density control, this technology takes advantage of the microelectronic infra-structure developed in the last decades to fabricate small optical components with high reliability. In this scenario, this dissertation proposes the design of a phase modulator in silicon photonic technology. This modulator is able to operate at C-band and make the DP-QPSK modulation. Simulation and experiment analysis were made to validate the design flow for the optical circuit and for each single component / Mestrado / Telecomunicações e Telemática / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

Aus der Einleitung: "In der Historie erforderte die komplette dreidimensionale Aufnahme eines Objektes mittels Streifenprojektion einen hohen Zeitaufwand aufgrund der Realisierung der zeitlichen Abfolge von Streifensequenzen mit analogen Mitteln, mehrere Sekunden sind der übliche Standard für eine 3D Aufnahme. Damit einher geht die Notwendigkeit des während der Aufnahmezeit ruhenden Objektes. Das bedeutet Einschränkungen für eine Vielzahl von Anwendungen insbesondere bei dynamischen Prozessen und lebenden Objekten. Neue Möglichkeiten eröffneten sich mit der Einführung digitaler Lichtmodulatoren."

Aus der Einleitung: "In der Historie erforderte die komplette dreidimensionale Aufnahme eines Objektes mittels Streifenprojektion einen hohen Zeitaufwand aufgrund der Realisierung der zeitlichen Abfolge von Streifensequenzen mit analogen Mitteln, mehrere Sekunden sind der übliche Standard für eine 3D Aufnahme. Damit einher geht die Notwendigkeit des während der Aufnahmezeit ruhenden Objektes. Das bedeutet Einschränkungen für eine Vielzahl von Anwendungen insbesondere bei dynamischen Prozessen und lebenden Objekten. Neue Möglichkeiten eröffneten sich mit der Einführung digitaler Lichtmodulatoren."