O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar as respostas da Brachiaria decumbens Stapf, cultivada em solo proveniente de uma pastagem degradada. O experimento foi desenvolvido em casa-de-vegetação do Departamento de Ciências Biológicas da Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz"/USP. O solo utilizado foi classificado como Neossolo Quartzarênico e foi coletado numa profundidade de 0 a 20 cm. Após a coleta esse solo foi seco, homogeneizado, pesado e colocados em sacos plásticos, juntamente com as respectivas doses de calcário e depositados em vasos com capacidade de 10 kg, onde permaneceram por um período de 60 dias. Os tratamentos consistiram de quatro doses de nitrogênio (0, 180, 630 e 1080 mg kg -1 de solo), quatro doses de calcário (0, 1587,6, 3175,2 e 4762,8 mg kg -1 de solo) e três doses de enxofre (0, 108 e 216 mg kg -1 de solo). Empregou-se um esquema fatorial 4x4x3 perfazendo 48 combinações, as quais foram distribuídas segundo o delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com três repetições. No momento do plantio efetuou-se uma adubação com fósforo e potássio, micronutrientes (cobre e zinco) e enxofre. Aos treze dias após o plantio realizou-se a adubação com o nitrogênio. Foram realizados dois cortes e um dia antes de cada corte efetuou-se avaliações do teor de clorofila. Após o corte o material coletado foi separado em folhas emergentes, lâminas de folhas recém-expandidas, lâminas de folhas maduras e colmos mais bainhas e foi realizada a leitura da área foliar dos três primeiros. Em seguida esse material foi colocado em estufa de circulação forçada de ar a 65 0 C por 72 horas para determinar a matéria seca de cada componente da parte aérea e, esse mesmo procedimento foi feito para as raízes após serem lavadas. O material depois de pesado foi moído em moinho tipo Wiley e levado ao laboratório para a determinação de macro e micronutrientes. Realizou-se também, a contagem de perfilhos. Os resultados evidenciaram efeito significativo (P<0,05) das doses de nitrogênio no primeiro corte, e significância para a interação entre enxofre e nitrogênio para a produção de matéria seca da parte aérea da planta, no primeiro e segundo crescimentos. Quanto à produção de matéria seca das raízes, verificou-se efeito significativo (P<0,05) somente para as doses de nitrogênio. No perfilhamento da forrageira houve significância para a interação entre as doses de enxofre, nitrogênio e calcário, no segundo corte. Também houve significância (P<0,05) para as doses de enxofre e nitrogênio no valor SPAD e interação nitrogênio e calcário na área foliar. Na concentração de macro e micronutrientes da planta houve significância (P<0,05) das doses de nitrogênio, enxofre e calcário e interação entre nitrogênio e enxofre e nitrogênio e calcário em alguns componentes da parte aérea. / The present work was carried out with the objective of evaluating responses of Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. grown in a soil from a degraded pasture. The experiment was conducted in a grenhouse in the Departamento de Ciências Biológicas at the "Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz" - USP. The soil was classified as an Entissol and it was collected from a layer of 0 to 20 cm. The pots were filled with 10 kg of this soil and lime rates were incubated for 60 days. The experimental arrange was a 4x4x3 factorial with nitrogen (0, 180, 630 and 1080 mg kg -1 ), lime (0, 1587.6, 3175.2 and 4762.8 mg kg -1 ) and sulfur (0, 108 and 216 mg kg -1 ), and it was used a randomized complete block design, with three replications. Fertilization with P, K Cu, Zn and S was done at sowing, and N was applied 13 days that. Plants was harvested twice, and plant tops was separated in emergent leaves (EL), laminae of recently expanded leaves (RL), laminae of mature leaves (ML) and culms plus sheaths (CS), Leaf area was determined by measuring EL, LR and ML. SPAD values (chlorophyll content) were evaluated one day before each harvests. The collected material was dried at 65 0 C during 72 hours in an oven with circulating air. The root system was collected and washed following the second harvest. Nutrient concentrations in the forage dry matter and roots were determined after weighting and grinding the samples. Results showed significant effect (P<0.05) for nitrogen supply in the first harvest, and significant interaction for sulfur nitrogen on plant tops dry matter in the first and the second harvests. Roots dry matter had significant (P<0.05) effect for nitrogen rates. Significancies were observed for nitrogen nitrogen X sulfur interaction for SPAD values, for nitrogen X lime for leaf area and for lime X nitrogen X sulfur for plant tillering at second harvest. The nitrogen, sulfur and lime had significant effects on nutrients concentrations, as well as by interaction of nitrogen X sulfur and nitrogen X lime for some parts of plant tops.

This thesis project was carried out by two students on behalf of SMA Mineral AB, which owns the lime plant in Rättvik, where there was need to establish a sampling method for the local quick lime product. The aim was to ensure a maximum concentration of impurities in the product—primarily carbon and sulphur. The mean value of sulphur found in the input material varied over time. Consequently, a suitable statistical method was needed to ensure product quality for the prospective customer as they required that the sulphur content of the proposed product never exceed 500 ppm.The aim was, on the one hand, to process and compile the sampling results in accordance with a suitable statistical method which enabled reasonable conclusions about the product quality and, on the other hand, to answer three key queries that SMA Mineral AB posed:• to investigate whether the product’s sulphur content was affected during conveyance through the lime plant;• to investigate whether sampling at various time intervals may have been a factor which affected the product’s sulphur content;• to investigate whether there was, or were, any particular times of day at which the sulphur content always maintained the correct level.A number of phases were required to find answers to these questions. The planning phase was initiated by a visit to Rättvik, with the purpose of gaining an overall picture of how work at the plant was conducted as well as which guidelines and regulations were in effect. After this visit, a project plan was drawn up in order to serve as support for further work.The sampling campaign took place during the period of 13–16 April 2015 and analysis of the collected material was carried out the following week at the company’s laboratory in Persberg, Sweden. However, the results from the sampling campaign did not provide sufficient basis for answering the company’s questions, which is why data from SMA Mineral AB’s own data collection was used. Data collected during the sampling campaign proved to follow normal distribution. Subsequently, the statistical analysis of variance method, ANOVA, was applied in order to investigate whether the sulphur content changed with respect to the time interval and the sampling site. The test results demonstrated p-values under 0.005, which meant that neither the sampling site nor the sampling time intervals had an effect on the product’s sulphur content. The company’s question, whether there were daily time intervals of acceptable sulphur content in the product, was answered with the assistance of the company’s own data collection, which demonstrated that it did not follow normal distribution. For that reason, the bootstrap method was used to create confidence intervals for the different points in time. The result showed that there were no points in time during which acceptable material was produced. One reason for this is the occurrence of a set of deviating values that were observed to have a sulphur content that exceeded 1,000 ppm. This report presents recommendations for various measures independently of any opinions SMA Mineral AB may have concerning the source of these values and whether they can possibly be avoided. / <p>Validerat; 20160612 (global_studentproject_submitter)</p>

The aim of the diploma thesis was creating a decarbonisation model of lime, implementation the model into CFD tool ANSYS Fluent and to test the decarbonisation model in a model of a real reactor. The required model was based on assumptions for a Shrinking Core Model (SCM). The main objective of this work was the non-catalytic conversion of substances and the search for the most used mathematical models for calcination. The CFD calculation, the sensitivity analysis and the Fluente parametric study were used. Data on the composition of gas flow, temperature, pressure and mass flow of limestone particles were selected for input variables. The particle model called Multiple Surface Reactions (MSR), which is a standard part of Fluent, was used at first. Subsequently, a UDF which was based on the SCM assumptions was written in the programming language C. The results of the CFD calculation were compared with the experimental values from the dissertation. It has been found that the MSR is sufficiently precise for calculation purposes but neglects the internal diffusion of CO2 through the CaO layer which forms behind the reaction front during calcination. It was found that it is possible to solve the flow with ongoing calcination without the need to know the parameters of the Arrhenian equation if the UDF is used. The created UDF incorporates the influence of intraparticular CO2 diffusion on the overall reaction rate.

The diploma thesis is concerned with study of preparation and properties of historic mortars. In theoretical part, there is summarized the historic progress of mortars and their material composition. The experimental part is focused on proposition of mortar mixes. The diploma thesis referring to actual research on Institute of Technology of Building Materials and Components, FCE VUT in Brno. The base mixe of historical mortar came from this research. In experiment, there is the base mixe of historical mortar modified with gypsum. In the first phase of the experimental part the basic technological and aplication properties are assessed. The second phase of the experimental part is focused on the course of hydration of the binder in different environments and subseqeunt determination of the phase composition by X-ray diffraction analysis. The aim of the thesis is to determine the optimal amount of gypsum and to optimize the recipe of historical mortar.

The aim of my diploma thesis was a project of a new kindergarten. The building is situted in the land register Brno Bystrc. It is a two storey building without basement. On the first floor there are located three classes, each with a capacity of 24 children. On the second floor there is celebratian hall, classrooms for external activities and offices. Kindergarten is based on strip fundation, and covered by flat roof with attica. I designed the project with emphasis on disposal orientation according to the cardinal points and constructed arrangements of the building. Durring the process I tried to use modern methods and common materials. The drawing part was processed in the AutoCAD and ArchiCAD computer program. Part of the work is fire, acoustic and thermal-technical solution.

This master’s thesis is focused on preparation of the mortar mixtures inspired by roman cement with a great resistivity against the corrosion environment, especially a seawater. There were prepared samples of a roman cement containing of pure lime and various artificial pozzolans and natural tuff which were used as pozzolan admixtures. The task of this work is to explore possibility of using pure lime and for example pozzolan admixture which can resist against the corrosive environment like a roman cement. There were prepared a lot of various samples which were tested separately on their mechanical characteristics before and after their exposure of the influence of the corrosive environment. There were used X-ray diffraction analysis for the characterization of a phase composition of the raw materials and some selected samples.

This thesis deals with the continual measurement of the hydrated lime moisture content on the principle of spectral measurements. The theoretical part describes the basic principles of the infrared spectroscopy, Fourier transformation and near infrared spectroscopy, which are used in the process of the spectroscopy measurement of fine particulates moisture content. The practical part of the work describes experiments and the evaluation of moisture hydrated lime measuring results, using gravimetric method and NIR spectroscopy in both the laboratory conditions and the conditions of operation production of hydrated lime as well. The part of the work monitors the spectroscopy measurement moisture values as the dependence on the optical quality of hydrate limes and the process conditions of the measurements.

Diploma thesis gives a brief description of the traditional technology of preparation of lime mortars for restoration of historical buildings. The theoretical part is focused on the preparation of lime mortars traditional methods, using appropriate materials for making and influence amount of water. Attention is also paid to the events that take place in the setting and hardening of lime mortar. In the experimental part of the research was conducted, which aimed to assess the influence of water-cement ratio and mixing ratio (binder to filler) on the properties of lime mortars. At various times were measured mechanical properties, density, shrinkage, frost resistance and porosity. The mortar was also carried out thermal analysis and found to contain calcium carbonate. Acquired knowledge could help in the reconstruction of historical buildings.

Videos manipulated by machine learning have rapidly increased online in the past years. So called deepfakes can depict people who never participated in a video recording by transposing their faces onto others in it. This raises the concern of authenticity of media, which demand for higher performing detection methods in forensics. Introduction of AI detectors have been of interest, but is held back today by their lack of interpretability. The objective of this thesis was therefore to examine what the explainable AI method local interpretable model-agnostic explanations (LIME) could contribute to forensic investigations of deepfake video.  An evaluation was conducted where 3 multimedia forensics evaluated the contribution of visual explanations of classifications when investigating deepfake video frames. The estimated contribution was not significant yet answers showed that LIME may be used to indicate areas to start examine. LIME was however not considered to provide sufficient proof to why a frame was classified as `fake', and would if introduced be used as one of several methods in the process. Issues were apparent regarding the interpretability of the explanations, as well as LIME's ability to indicate features of manipulation with superpixels.

A laboratory test program was undertaken to evaluate a series of engineering properties over a range of soil types; amendment types and addition rates; and moisture contents to enhance understanding of the engineering significance of polymer amendment. Four soils were manufactured and tested with varying ranges of fines and plasticity. A proprietary elastic copolymer was tested at addition rates of 0.5% to 2.5% (dry weight basis). Cement was tested at addition rates of 1% to 4%. Lime was tested at an 8% addition rate. Water addition rates ranged from 4% dry of optimum to 4% wet of optimum. Engineering properties determined throughout the test program included dry unit weight / moisture content relationships through compaction tests; shear strength through unconfined compression strength tests and direct shear tests; durability through freeze-thaw and wet-dry durability tests; and stiffness through resilient modulus tests and through interpretation of the unconfined compression and direct shear test results. The addition of polymer altered the optimum moisture content of the soils. Change in optimum moisture content ranged from 0.51 to 1.27 times the control water demand. The dry unit weight of polymer amended specimens ranged from 0.97 to 1.01 times their respective control dry unit weight. The peak strength of polymer amended specimens ranged from 1.02 to 18.4 times the control strength. The peak wet-dry and freeze-thaw durability of polymer amended specimens ranged from 6.8 to 10.8 times the control durability. The addition of polymer increased the peak initial stiffness of specimens to approximately 3 times the control stiffness. However, the stiffness was reduced to 0.68 times the control stiffness with dynamic repeated loading through the resilient modulus test. The polymer addition rate required to achieve peak engineering performance ranged from 0.5% to 2.5%, based on soil type. Polymer modified the engineering properties of soil through physical bonding. The amount of polymer required to modify the engineering properties was directly related to specific surface and soil particle coating thickness. It was determined that polymer amendment had an optimal addition rate that resulted in the greatest increase in engineering parameters. The addition rate was optimum when polymer was applied at rates high enough to sufficiently coat all soil particle surfaces, but at rates low enough that it did not cause additional particle separation. Overall, polymer amendment of soil improved or maintained all tested engineering parameters, except the resilient modulus, of all soils. Polymer amended soils displayed a reduced performance compared to cement amended soils, and an improved performance compared to lime amended soils.