With increasing world population, the demand for fish is growing thus there is a need to identify products with potential to increase the efficiency of fish production. Phytogenics are among the products being investigated as potential naturally derived growth promoters. The aim of this study was to identify phytogenic compounds and doses with growth-promoting effects in Nile tilapia and investigate relevant pathways underlying their growth promotion effects. The phytogenic compounds limonene, carvacrol and thymol, major constituents of essential oils from the plants citrus, oregano and thyme, respectively, were evaluated. Six Trials (Trials I, II, III, IV, V and VI) were carried out using diets supplemented with varying concentrations of the phytogenic compounds. In Trials I, II and III (Chapter 3), the effects of either limonene (Trial I), carvacrol (Trial II) or thymol (Trial III) on growth performance of Nile tilapia were investigated (objective 1) and performance parameters including final fish weight, daily growth coefficient, growth rate per metabolic body weight, percentage (%) weight gain, % survival, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio were evaluated. Results from Trials I, II and III indicated that dietary supplementation of 400 and 500 ppm limonene and 750 ppm thymol had growth-promoting effects in Nile tilapia but the somatic growth was not associated with enhanced feed intake and feed utilisation efficiency. Trials IV and V (Chapter 4) investigated growth and nutritional physiology pathways in Nile tilapia regulated by individual phytogenic compounds (objective 2). This was accomplished by analysing the effects of limonene (Trial IV) and thymol (Trial V) supplemented diets on the expression of key genes participating in selected pathways of somatotropic axis-mediated growth, appetite regulation, nutrient digestion, absorption and transport, lipid metabolism, and antioxidant enzyme defence system. Limonene was supplemented in the diet at 0, 200, 400 and 600 ppm while thymol was supplemented at 0, 250 and 500 ppm. Trials IV and V found that growth-promoting effects of limonene (400 and 600 ppm) in Nile tilapia involved up-regulation of key genes within pathways including somatotropic axis-mediated growth, nutrient digestion, absorption and transport, lipid metabolism and antioxidant enzyme defence system. Dietary thymol at 250 and 500 ppm did not significantly enhance growth of Nile tilapia nor regulate the nutritional physiology pathways listed above. In Trial VI (Chapter 5), the effects of combined phytogenic compounds (limonene and thymol) on growth and nutritional physiology of Nile tilapia was tested (objective 3) to establish if the compounds had synergistic or additive effects on the growth of the fish as well as complementary effects on the selected nutritional physiology pathways. A candidate gene approach was also used for the selected pathways. Results from Trial VI showed that a diet supplemented with a combination of limonene (400 ppm) and thymol (500 ppm) has neither synergistic nor additive effects on the growth performance of Nile tilapia, with limonene mainly influencing the attained somatic growth. The analysed candidate genes involved in the pathways of nutrient digestion, absorption and transport, lipid metabolism, antioxidant enzymes and somatotropic axis growth also showed no synergistic or additive effects of a dietary combination of limonene and thymol in Nile tilapia. Overall, results from the study suggest approaches for developing functional diets for Nile tilapia using limonene and thymol growth promoters.

Submitted by LUIS FRANCISCO MICHELI (luis.micheli@unesp.br) on 2018-10-19T18:59:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Versão Final r4.pdf: 3404641 bytes, checksum: 84fa67d5e2f835f7f6d2a8db1089132f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Lucilene Cordeiro da Silva Messias null (lubiblio@bauru.unesp.br) on 2018-10-19T19:13:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 micheli_lf_me_bauru.pdf: 3404641 bytes, checksum: 84fa67d5e2f835f7f6d2a8db1089132f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-19T19:13:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 micheli_lf_me_bauru.pdf: 3404641 bytes, checksum: 84fa67d5e2f835f7f6d2a8db1089132f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-03 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A reação de transesterificação de óleos vegetais com álcool etílico ou metílico dá origem a ésteres metílicos ou etílicos de ácidos graxos, conhecidos como biodiesel. Este apresenta propriedades próximas do óleo diesel mineral como o número de cetano, massa específica, poder calorífico e relação ar-combustível. Porém, problemas decorrentes de sua maior viscosidade resultam em uma pulverização deficiente pelos bicos injetores levando a uma combustão de qualidade inferior, e com isso, formação de depósitos indesejáveis no interior do motor, alterações nas propriedades do óleo lubrificante e na composição dos gases de escape. Frente a essa questão se faz necessário o estudo da utilização de um aditivo capaz de tornar as características do biodiesel mais adequadas à sua utilização em motores de ignição por compressão e também o acompanhamento das alterações na composição dos gases de escape. O aditivo estudado nesse trabalho foi o d-limoneno, um hidrocarboneto obtido como subproduto da citricultura, que foi adicionado ao óleo diesel à ser utilizado como combustível do conjunto moto-gerador utilizado nos ensaios. Neste sistema foram aplicadas diferentes cargas e coletados os dados relativos à emissão do motor. Resultados relevantes como a redução de material particulados foram observados mesmo com a adição de pequenas quantidades de d-limoneno. / The transesterification of vegetable oils with methanol or ethanol results in methyl esters or ethyl esters of fatty acid, known as biodiesel. This one presents similar features of diesel oil, such as cetane number, specific weight, heat of combustion and air-fuel ratio. However, arising problems from its higher viscosity leads to a poor spraying by the fuel injectors and so to a low-grade combustion, causing formation of undesirable deposits inside the engine, changes in the properties of the lubricating oil and in the composition of the exhaust gas. Owing to this issue, it is necessary to study an additive able to make biodiesel characteristics more appropriate to be used in compression ignition engines, as well as a monitoring of changes in exhaust gas composition. The chosen additive was d-limonene, a hydrocarbon obtained as a byproduct of citriculture, which was added to diesel fuel to be used as fuel for the motor-generator set used in the tests. Different loads were applied to this system and the engine emission data were collected. Relevant results such as the reduction of particulate material were observed even with small amounts of d-limonene added. / CAPES:DS 1600969

Orientador: Glaucia Maria Pastore / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T23:31:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bicas_JulianoLemos_D.pdf: 1661445 bytes, checksum: 73851fe13d8b9c41e2fbd0029e3dbb53 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: O objetivo do presente trabalho foi efetuar estudos de biotransformação de substratos terpênicos para a obtenção de compostos de aromas naturais, ou bioaromas, enfatizando os processos bioquímicos envolvidos nos procedimentos empregados e a otimização da produção para possíveis aplicações industriais. Assim, o estudo se iniciou com o isolamento de quase 300 linhagens, das quais 121 mostraram-se resistentes a concentrações de 2% de R-(+)-limoneno e 70 foram capazes de utilizar este substrato como única fonte de carbono. Dentre todas as linhagens potencialmente degradantes do R-(+)-limoneno, nenhuma mostrou acúmulo significativo de metabólito de interesse em concentrações que justificassem estudos de otimização. A seguir, o método de Superfície de Resposta foi empregado para otimizar os principais parâmetros do processo de produção de R-(+)-a-terpineol a partir do R-(+)-limoneno pelo fungo Fusarium oxysporum 152b. Dentre os 10 parâmetros analisados (concentração de glicose, peptona, extrato de malte e de levedura no meio de biotransformação; concentração de R-(+)- limoneno; concentração de biosurfactantes; temperatura; agitação; pH; tamanho do inóculo), três (concentração de substrato, temperatura e agitação) influenciaram significativamente (p < 0,10) a produção de R-(+)-a-terpineol, dentro das faixas estudadas. A otimização dessas variáveis por um Delineamento Composto Central Rotacional revelou que as condições ótimas para a biotransformação foram de 0,5% de R-(+)-limoneno, 26 °C e 240 rpm, resultando em uma concentração de cerca de 2,4 g.L-1 de R-(+)-a-terpineol ao final de 72 h de processo. Aproveitando-se do fato de essa linhagem fúngica ser reconhecida pela produção de lípase alcalina, um sistema integrado de produção foi posteriormente proposto a fim de explorar todo potencial biotecnológico do microrganismo. Assim, a biomassa resultante da produção de lipase, antes descartada, foi avaliada quanto à preservação da atividade de biotransformar o R-(+)- limoneno. Os resultados demonstraram ser possível a coprodução de lipase/R-(+)-a-terpineol, apesar de que o rendimento máximo do bioaroma foi cerca de 50% inferior quando comparado ao do procedimento convencional. Os estudos com duas linhagens bacterianas (Pseudomonas rhodesiae CIP 107491 e P. fluorescens NCIMB 11671) para a bioconversão de alguns monoterpenos indicaram a presença de uma via metabólica envolvendo ß-pineno, a-pineno, a-pineno oxido, isonovalal e ácido dimetil pentanóico para ambas espécies, além de outras duas vias de degradação do limoneno para P. fluorescens. Nesse caso, a bactéria usava o limoneno como única fonte de carbono e energia, passando por limoneno-1,2-diol, e também hidroxilava este substrato na posição 8 formando R-(+)-a-terpineol como forma de diminuir a toxicidade do substrato (metabolismo de xenobióticos). Essa última via ocorria em ausência de cofatores graças à ação de uma hidratase enantioespecífica capaz de converter anaerobicamente R-(+)-limoneno a R-(+)-a-terpineol e S-(¿)-limoneno a S-(¿)-a-terpineol em meios bifásicos, empregando n-hexadecano como fase orgânica. Foi posteriormente demonstrado que os rendimentos e produtividade poderiam ser significativamente elevados e que a produção poderia ser mais que duplicada (de ~10 para ~25 g.L-1) com o uso de fases orgânicas não convencionais, como óleos vegetais. Finalmente, estudos preliminares de avaliação do potencial bioativo do principal produto relatado nessa tese demonstraram que o a-terpineol revelou uma elevada capacidade de absorção de radical de oxigênio (ORAC) e atividade antiploriferativa contra cinco linhagens de células cancerosas, apesar da baixa atividade de captura de radical DPPH. Esses resultados abrem precedentes para que pesquisas in vivo sejam consideradas a fim de determinar o potencial funcional desse bioaroma, algo ainda praticamente inexplorado / Abstract: The objective of the present work was to study the biotransformation of terpene substrates to obtain natural flavor compounds (bioflavors), focusing the biochemical processes involved in the procedures investigated and optimization of production for possible industrial applications. Therefore, the study started with the isolation of more than 300 wild strains followed by the selection of 121 capable of resisting to 2% (v.v-1) of R-(+)-limonene and 70 that could use this terpene as sole carbon and energy source. None of the strains tested showed accumulation of intermediate metabolites in levels that justified further optimization studies. Subsequently, the Response Surface Methodology was employed to optimize the main parameters of the process of biotransformation of R-(+)-limonene to R-(+)-a-terpineol by the fungal strain Fusarium oxysporum 152b. Only three (R-(+)-limonene concentration, temperature and agitation) of the ten parameters tested (concentration of glucose, peptone, malt extract and yeast extract; substrate concentration; biosurfactant concentration; temperature; agitation; pH; inoculum size) influenced significantly (p < 0.1) the R-(+)-a-terpineol production. The optimization of these variables applying a Central Composite Design revealed that the optimal biotrasformation conditions were 0.5% of R-(+)-limonene, 26 °C and 240 rpm, resulting in a R- (+)-a-terpineol concentration close to 2,4 g.L-1 after a 72 h. Since this fungus has been recognized for its high alkaline lipase production, an integrated process was proposed to explore the full biotechnological potential of this microorganism. Therefore, the biomass resulting from the lipase production, which was previously discharded, was tested to evaluate the preservation of R-(+)-limonene-biotransformation activity. The results have shown that the co-production of lipase/R-(+)-a-terpineol was feasible, although the maximal yield of the bioflavor was approximately 50 % lower when compared to the conventional process. The studies with two pseudomonad strains (Pseudomonas rhodesiae CIP 107491 e P. fluorescens NCIMB 11671) for the conversion of some monoterpenes indicated the presence of one metabolic route involving ß-pinene a-pinene a-pinene oxide, isonovalal and dimethyl pentanoic acid for both species, besides two other pathways for the degradation of limonene by P. fluorescens. In this case, the bacterium used the substrate as sole carbon and energy source, with limonene-1,2-diol as intermediate, and also hydroxylated limonene in the position 8 to R-(+)-a- terpineol as a detoxifying strategy (xenobiotic metabolism). The last pathway occurred in the absence of cofactors due to the action of an enantiospecific hydratase capable of converting anaerobically R-(+)-limonene to R-(+)-a-terpineol and S-(¿)-limonene to S-(¿)-a-terpineol in biphasic mediums, employing n-hexadecane as organic phase. It was later demonstrated that the yields and productivities could be significantly enhanced and that the final concentration of the product could be more than duplicated (from ~10 to ~25 g.L-1) if unconventional organic phases (vegetable oils) were used. Finally, preliminary studies evaluating the bioactive potential of the main product reported in this thesis have revealed that the a-terpineol demonstrated an oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and an antiproliferative activity against five cancer lines, although the DPPH radical scavenging activity was low. These results encourages in vivo research to determine the functional potential of this bioflavor, something practically unexplored / Doutorado / Doutor em Ciência de Alimentos

Orientador: Everson Alves Miranda / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T06:45:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_Sheilade_M.pdf: 1089976 bytes, checksum: 416dea7e320edfbe15467ca471df7a72 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: As indústrias cítricas geram grandes quantidades de efluentes líquidos. Estes efluentes são potencialmente poluidores para descarte em corpos d'água e necessitam de tratamento adequado. A maioria das plantas de tratamento de efluentes cítricos utiliza processos biológicos, devido a custos operacionais mais baixos quando comparado aos processos físico-químicos. Porém, estas plantas têm apresentado problemas de eficiência de remoção da carga orgânica e inibição da atividade biológica, em função das características tóxicas do efluente cítrico, devido à presença residual do d-limoneno, um monoterpeno extraído da casca da laranja. O d-limoneno, quando separado e purificado, tem ampla aplicação industrial, na área cosmética como fragrância e na área alimentícia como agente antimicrobiano e também pode ser bioconvertido em produtos como ácidos e alcoóis perílicos e carvona que podem ser utilizados na terapia do câncer. Os objetivos deste estudo foram selecionar e identificar microrganismos capazes de degradar o d-limoneno em altas concentrações (até 5%), simulando condições similares aos efluentes cítricos e avaliar o comportamento de consórcio destes microrganismos. Também foi avaliada a qualificação dos produtos obtidos da bioconversão do d-limoneno. Os microrganismos foram isolados a partir do lodo ativado de uma estação de tratamento de esgotos. Uma pré-seleção, de 56 linhagens de bactérias foi realizada, durante as 3 etapas de enriquecimento com o d-limoneno, através da técnica de esgotamento em superfície. Foram selecionadas 10 linhagens, que apresentaram maior crescimento visual, que foram caracterizados através da morfologia, coloração diferencial (Gram) e análise filogenética. A biodegradação do d-limoneno foi avaliada pela remoção de DQO em meios de cultivos diferentes variando as concentrações de d-limoneno (1%, 3% e 5%) sob condição agitada e estática na temperatura de 30°C. A bioconversão dos produtos foi qualificada por cromatografia gasosa. Foram isoladas bactérias Gram-positivas, do gênero Bacillus resistentes à concentração de 5% de d-limoneno sem fonte complementar de carbono. A remoção de DQO foi de 77% e terpineol, alcoóis ciclodecanol e octanediol foram qualificados como produtos bioconvertidos / Abstract: The citrus' industries generate large quantities of wastewater. These effluents are potentially polluting to disposal in water bodies and require treatment. Most sewage treatment plants citrus use biological process due to lower operating costs compared to physical-chemical processes. However these plants have presented problems in the efficiency removal of organic charge and inhibition of the biological activity due to citric toxic characteristics because of the presence of residual d-limonene, a monoterpene extracted from orange peel. The d-limonene, when it is separated and purified, has large industrial application, on field cosmetics as fragrances and foods fields as antimicrobial agent. Besides, the d-limonene can be bioconverted in perillic acids and perillyl alcohol, ?-terpineol and carvone that can be used in cancer therapy. The achievement of this study was select and isolate microorganism able to degradation high containing limonene (since 5%), simulating the same condition of wastewater characterizes of citric plants and evaluated the consortium microorganism behavior. In addition, the products of biotransformation d-limonene were qualified. Microorganisms were isolated from activated sludge of sewage treatment plant. A pre-selection, with 56 strains, was undertaken, during the 3 stage of enrichment with d-limonene, using depletion technique to isolate microorganisms. Ten strains were selected that showed the greater visual growth. They were characterized through of morphology, Gram and phylogenetic analysis. The d-limonene biodegradation was determinate by reduction COD in different cultivation media, varying the concentration of d-limonene (5 %, 3 % and 1 %) in agitated and stationary condition at temperature 30°C. The bioconversion of product obtained was confirmed by gas chromatography. Gram-positive bacteria were isolated of the Bacillus genus, bacteria resist to 5% of limonene-containing without complementary source of carbon. The removal of COD was 77% and terpineol, cyclodecanol and octadienol was evaluated as products bioconverted / Mestrado / Desenvolvimento de Processos Biotecnologicos / Mestra em Engenharia Química

The progress in biotechnological disciplines such as metabolic engineering or synthetic biology increased the interest of chemical and pharmaceutical industries to implement microbial processes for chemical synthesis. However, most microorganisms, e.g., Escherichia coli or Saccharomyces cerevisiae, used in biotechnological applications are not evolved by nature for the production of industrially relevant compounds, which are often hydrophobic, non-charged, volatile, or toxic to the microbial organisms. Bioprocess design relies on an integrated approach addressing pathway, cellular, reaction, and process engineering to combine the results of natural evolution with the demands of industrial applicability. In this thesis, the microbial de novo production and selective oxyfunctionalization of the highly volatile isoprenoid limonene has been investigated as a model system featuring reactants with challenging physicochemical characteristics. Key constraints that limit limonene biosynthesis and its oxyfunctionalization in recombinant E. coli, related to genetics, physiology, and reaction engineering, were identified and relieved.

With the ambition to decrease the utilization of fossil fuels, a development of those raw materials that today only are seen as waste products is necessary. One of those waste products is turpentine. Turpentine is the largest natural source of terpenes in the world today. The main components are the terpenes α-pinene, β-pinene and 3-carene.  In this project, different polymerisation techniques have been evaluated to polymerise limonene with the aim to make a material out of the green raw material, turpentine. Limonene is a terpene that can be found in turpentine. It has a planar structure and should work as a model for other terpenes.   Previous work on polymerising terpenes has focused on succeeding with performing polymerisations of terpenes utilizing the techniques of cationic polymerisation and radical polymerisation. However, this has been done without the aim to make a material out of the polymers. In this project, on the other hand, the main focus has been to obtain a polymer that can be used as a basis for a material. Techniques that have been applied are: radical polymerisation, cationic polymerisation and thiol-ene polymerisation.  In this study, attempts to homopolymerise limonene and also copolymerise it with other synthetic monomers, such as styrene, have been performed with both radical polymerisation and cationic polymerisation. The procedure for the radical polymerisation has been conducted following the work by Sharma and Srivastava. [1] Even though several articles have been published about radical copolymerisations of limonene with other synthetic monomers, the radical polymerisations have not succeeded in this project. Further, the technique of thiol-ene chemistry has shown that limonene can be used in polymerisations; limonene reacts spontaneously with 2-mercaptoethyl ether forming a viscous polymer. The obtained polymers have been characterized with proton nuclear magnetic resonance(1H-NMR), size exclusion chromatography (SEC), matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectroscopy (MALDI-TOF MS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy.

If released in significant amounts, products formed by reactions between ozone (O3) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) sorbed on activated carbon (AC) filters could degrade indoor air quality (IAQ). Heterogeneous reactions were investigated in laboratory experiments aimed at characterizing reaction products. Effluent air of AC loaded with limonene and exposed to O 3 (5.8 ppm) yielded unreacted limonene (501 ± 197 μg/m 3), low levels of 4-acetyl-1-methylcyclohexene (AMCH) (20 ± 2 μg/m3), and limonene oxides (25 ± 7 μg/m3). Most of the O3-limonene products remained on the AC, and most (58%) of the limonene remained unreacted on the AC after exposure to a stoichiometric excess of O3 for 48 h. Thus, in addition to known homogenous reactions, O3-limonene reactions occur heterogeneously on AC but to a much lesser extent. However, the fate of 95% of the depleted limonene was not determined; much of the missing portion was attributed to desorption from the AC, but the formation of other secondary indoor air pollutants is possible. VOC-loaded AC air filters exposed to O3 seem unlikely, however, to constitute a significant emission source of reaction products. More studies are necessary to investigate other pollutants, effects of environmental conditions, and VOC releases from AC that may be enhanced by O3 exposure.

No description available.

In this study, low density polyethylene (LDPE) and polyethylene terephalate (PETE) resin beads were ground to a coarse powder and exposed to sterilization treatments applied to the food contact surface of packaging materials used in aseptically processed and packaged food. Electron paranlagnetic resonance (EPR) analyzed free radical (-CH2CHCH=CHCHz-) production on the surface of LDPE exposed to heat (107°C) and treatments of heat (107°C) + 30% hydrogen peroxide solution (H20 2). As the temperature was raised from 100° to 200°C, peak intensity of carbon radicals produced gradually increased. The sensitivity of EPR prevented detection of free radicals on LDPE, exposed to H20 2 treatment, due to residual peroxide and H20 condensation on the surface of LDPE. D-limonene was placed in 12ml sealed glass vials containing a sodium citrate buffer solution (pH=3.7), under atmospheric O₂ (21%) conditions. Oxidation of d-limonene, placed in intimate contact with untreated, HzOz treated, and ultraviolet (VV) light (650mW/cm2) treated LDPE for 15 weeks, was measured to determine the capacity of an oxidized polymer to initiate autoxidation. The oxidation of d-limonene in vials containing no polymer was also measured. Production of carvone and carveol were used as an index for oxidation. No polymer and UV treated samples showed significantly (P<0.05) higher levels of calVone and calVeol than samples containing untreated and HzOz treated LDPE. Samples containing no polymer oxidized d-limonene at the highest rate, but not significantly faster than solutions containing UV treated LDPE. Accumulation of carvone and carveol was zero order. / Ph. D.

Uma possível perda de qualidade dos óleos essenciais pode estar associada à decomposição dos compostos terpênicos, quando submetidos ao aquecimento ou contato com o ar, produzindo odores desagradáveis. A redução do teor dos compostos terpênicos, processo conhecido como desterpenação, pode ser realizada por meio de diversas técnicas. Dentre as inúmeras possibilidades, a extração líquido-líquido tem apresentado resultados bastante promissores. Neste contexto, a presente dissertação de mestrado teve como objetivo a determinação experimental e modelagem do equilíbrio líquido-líquido, a (25,0 ± 0,1) °C, dos sistemas modelo de óleo essencial de bergamota e limão compostos, respectivamente, por: limoneno/ acetato de linalila/ linalol/ etanol/ água e limoneno/ &gamma;- terpineno/ &beta;- pineno/ citral/ etanol/ água. Adicionalmente, as propriedades físicas (viscosidade e densidade) dos sistemas supracitados, bem como dos compostos puros, foram também determinadas. Observou-se que o aumento do teor de água no solvente promoveu uma diminuição da extração do linalol (óleo de bergamota) e citral (óleo de limão), entretanto o maior nível de hidratação do etanol acarretou em aumento da região bifásica e da seletividade do solvente em ambos os sistemas estudados. Os dados experimentais obtidos foram correlacionados utilizando-se os modelos termodinâmicos NRTL e UNIQUAC. Para o sistema de óleo essencial de bergamota, o desvio global obtido foi de 0,43% para o modelo UNIQUAC e 0,52% para o NRTL. No que se refere ao sistema de óleo de limão, a equação NRTL foi a que proporcionou a melhor descrição, apresentando um desvio global de 0,29%, em relação ao modelo UNIQUAC, para o qual o desvio obtido foi de 0,32%. Quanto às propriedades físicas, notou-se que a água não exerce muita influência sobre as propriedades da fase terpênica (fase rica em componentes do óleo essencial); entretanto, na fase solvente observou-se que os valores de densidade e a viscosidade foram aumentados com o aumento do nível de água no etanol. / A possible oil quality loss may be associated to the terpenes compounds decomposition, when heated or exposed to air, producing off -flavors. Terpene partial removal, process known as deterpenation, can be performed using many different techniques. Among these various possibilities, the liquid-liquid extraction has shown successful results. The aim of this work was to determine and correlate the liquid-liquid equilibrium experimental data, using thermodynamic models at (25.0 ± 0.1) ºC for bergamot and lemon essential oils model systems composed respectively of limonene/ linalyl acetate/ linalool/ ethanol/ water and limonene/ &gamma;- terpinene/ &beta;- pinene/ citral/ ethanol/ water. Additionally, physical properties (viscosity and density) of the aforementioned systems and pure compounds were determined. It was observed that the higher water content in the solvent led to a lower linalool (bergamot oil) and citral (lemon oil) extraction. However, the highest level of ethanol hydration enlarged the biphasic region and solvent selectivity for both systems. The experimental data were correlated using the NRTL and UNIQUAC thermodynamic models. For bergamot essential oil system, the global deviation was 0.43% for UNIQUAC and 0.52% for NRTL. The NRTL equation provided a better representation of the lemon oil system, with a global deviation value of 0.29%, compared to the UNIQUAC model with a deviation of 0.32%. It was observed that water does not have a significant effect on the terpene phase (essential oil components rich phase) properties. On the other hand, in the solvent phase, it was observed that a higher water content in the ethanol led to higher density and viscosity values.