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<div><b>Purpose:</b> Previous studies have shown that children with SSD speaking a language other than English produce different types of speech errors, although there is a paucity of information investigating these differences in speech sound production (e.g., Core & Scarpelli, 2015; Fabiano-Smith & Goldstein, 2010b; Fabiano-Smith & Hoffman, 2018). This study investigates the types of speech errors produced by bilingual Spanish-English and monolingual English-speaking children matched on age, receptive vocabulary, and articulation accuracy in single words.</div><div><br></div><div><b>Methods: </b>Twelve bilingual English-Spanish speaking children, ages 4;0 to 6;11, were matched to twelve monolingual English-Speaking children. Participants completed standardized and non-standardized tests of speech and language, and performance between groups and assessment measures were compared. Consonant sound productions were categorized as correct, substitution errors, omission errors, or distortion errors.</div><div><br></div><div><b>Results: </b>Bilingual Spanish-English children were significantly more likely than monolingual English children to produce omission errors, while monolingual English children were more likely to produce distortion errors. Both groups produced similar proportions of substitution errors. Bilingual children produced similar proportions of each error type in both of their languages.</div><div><br></div><div><b>Conclusion: </b>SLPs should not rely on English normative data to diagnose SSDs in monolingual and bilingual Spanish-speaking children, as they demonstrate different errors patterns from monolingual English-speakers.</div>

Recent modeling work shows that patterns of shared perceptual features relate to the group-level order of acquisition of early-learned words (Peters & Borovsky, 2019). Here we present results for two eye-tracked word recognition studies showing patterns of shared perceptual features likewise influence processing of known and novel noun-concepts in individual 24- to 30-month-old toddlers. In the first study (Chapter 2, N=54), we explored the influence of perceptual connectivity on both initial attentional biases to known objects and subsequent label processing. In the second study (Chapter 3, N=49), we investigated whether perceptual connectivity influences patterns of attention during learning opportunities for novel object-features and object-labels, subsequent pre-labeling attentional biases, and object-label learning outcomes. Results across studies revealed four main findings. First, patterns of shared (visual-motion and visual-form and surface) perceptual features do relate to differences in early noun-concept processing at the individual level. Second, such influences are tentatively at play from the outset of novel noun-concept learning. Third, connectivity driven attentional biases to both recently learned and well-known objects follow a similar timecourse and show similar patterns of individual differences. Fourth, initial, pre-labeling attentional biases to objects relate to subsequent label processing, but do not linearly explain effects of connectivity. Finally, we consider whether these findings provide support for shared-feature-guided selective attention to object features as a mechanism underlying early lexico-semantic development.

Notre travail de recherche se base sur deux sujets complémentaires ; une analyse des termes économiques et financiers suivie d’une analyse de la traduction économique et financière. La notation financière est une discipline relativement nouvelle mais très d’actualité, cependant sa terminologie principalement anglo-saxonne, demeure encore équivoque et ambiguë notamment en arabe. Notre objectif dans un premier temps, est de faire découvrir aux profanes les agences de notation financière ainsi que leur terminologie très technique mais en même temps très vivante. Nous proposons ensuite une étude comparative des termes économiques et financiers français avec leurs équivalents arabes et anglais à travers l’analyse de différentes figures de style et procédés linguistiques. Nous abordons dans un second temps la problématique de la traduction économique et financière dans les trois langues ; français, anglais, et arabe. Nous nous sommes appuyées sur une variété de textes extraits de la presse spécialisée et du site du Fonds Monétaire International (FMI). Notre thèse s’attache à présenter les agences de notation financière restant jusqu’ici peu connues par le grand public, vulgariser la terminologie économique et financière avant d’aborder les divers aspects de la traduction de ce domaine ; ses caractéristiques ainsi que ses difficultés. / The subject of our thesis is based on the study of two complementary essential points: a presentation of the main rating agencies and a terminology research in the economic and the financial field. We aim firstly to establish clearly the economic and financial concepts and terms in French with their equivalents in English and Arabic. The second point deals with the analysis of the economic and financial translation in the three languages (French-English-Arabic). Our goal is to analyze the characteristics of this specialized field, to compare translation results in the three languages then try to find out and analyze the problems encountered by economic and financial translators. Finance is a very broad field that represents many sub-domains however, terminology research in the financial rating sub-domain has been little developed, we decided then to introduce the financial rating agencies and to study their termionology. The reality is that until today, the economic and financial terminology is not clearly established in the French and Arabic languages which borrow a lot from the English language. We aim then to perform a theoretical and practical research, as we believe that the two approaches are complementary and enrich each other. In fact, terminology and translation are complementary and economic and financial translation requires numerous skills such as linguistic skills, and knowledge of the field of economy and finance.

Abstract: Many regions of the cortex have been identified to be specifically selective for different features. For example, visually presented stimuli proceed, via both the dorsal “where” and ventral “what” streams, before converging in the frontal cortex for decision making processes. However, several subregions of both streams have been identified that demonstrate selectivity on many semantic dimensions, such as size. Most of the studies examining regions selectively activated in maintenance of semantic size have employed the use of visually presented images. In the present, however, study we provide a review of relevant literature, proposed techniques, and a list of word stimuli that may help elucidate the multivariate neural processing of several semantic dimensions.