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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Modelo de reconhecimento de vinculação textual baseado em regras linguísticas e informações morfossintáticas voltado para ambientes virtuais de ensino e aprendizagem

Flores, Evandro Metz January 2014 (has links)
Submitted by Fabricia Fialho Reginato (fabriciar) on 2015-07-01T23:00:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 EvandroFlores.pdf: 1289007 bytes, checksum: 44450c63dc59c23ca86b3e4fdbdcea30 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-01T23:00:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EvandroFlores.pdf: 1289007 bytes, checksum: 44450c63dc59c23ca86b3e4fdbdcea30 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / CNPQ – Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / GVDASA / A rápida evolução das tecnologias de informação e comunicação tem possibilitado o desenvolvimento de modalidades de ensino e educação, tais como a Educação a Distância, capazes de alcançar pessoas anteriormente impossibilitadas de frequentar o ensino superior. Um aspecto importante destas modalidades é o amplo uso de recursos de mediação digital, sendo que estes podem gerar um grande volume de dados o qual, por vezes, não é viável para utilização proveitosa de forma manual pelos professores envolvidos nesta interação. Este contexto gera a necessidade e oportunidade de definição de ferramentas que possam atuar para automatizar parte deste trabalho. Uma destas possibilidades é a verificação de correção de respostas textuais, onde o objetivo é identificar vinculações entre amostras textuais que podem ser, por exemplo, diferentes respostas textuais a uma pergunta. Embora sejam utilizadas com bons resultados, as técnicas atualmente aplicadas a este problema apresentam deficiências ou características que diminuem sua precisão ou adequação em diversos contextos. Poucos trabalhos são capazes de realizar a vinculação textual caso seja alterada a flexão verbal, outros não são capazes de identificar informações importantes ou em que posição na frase as informações se encontram. Além disso, poucos trabalhos são adaptados para a língua portuguesa. Este trabalho propõe um modelo de reconhecimento de vinculação textual baseado em regras linguísticas e informações morfossintáticas voltado para ambientes virtuais de ensino e aprendizagem, que busca contornar estes problemas apresentando uma nova abordagem através do uso combinado da análise sintática, morfológica, regras linguísticas, detecção da flexão de voz, tratamento de negação e do uso de sinônimos. O trabalho também apresenta um protótipo desenvolvido para avaliar o modelo proposto. Ao final são apresentados os resultados obtidos, que até o momento são promissores, permitindo a identificação da vinculação textual de diferentes amostras textuais com precisão e flexibilidade relevantes. / The fast evolution of information and communication technologies has enabled the development of modalities of teaching and learning, such as distance education, that allow to reach people previously unable to attend higher education. An important aspect of these modalities is the extensive use of digital mediation resources. These resources can generate a large volume of data that sometimes is not feasible for beneficial manual use by the teachers involved in this interaction. In this context there is a necessity and opportunity for defining tools and approaches that can act to automate part of this work. One of these possibilities is the verification of textual responses correctness, where the goal is to identify linkages between textual samples, which can be, for example, different textual answer to a question. Although presenting good results, techniques currently applied to this problem have deficiencies or characteristics that decrease their accuracy or suitability in several contexts. Few studies are able to perform textual entailment in case the verbal inflection was changed; others are not able to identify important information or position in the sentence where the information is found. Moreover, few works are adapted to Portuguese. This work proposes a model to recognition of textual entailment based on linguistic rules, which seeks to overcome these problems by presenting a new approach through the combined use of syntactic analysis, morphology, linguistic rules, detection of the bending voice, treatment of denial and the use of synonyms. This work also presents a prototype developed to evaluate the model proposed herein. The end results, which are promising, allow the identification of textual linking of different textual samples accurately and with flexibility.
2

Classifications et grammaires des invariants lexicaux arabes en prévision d’un traitement informatique de cette langue. Construction d’un modèle théorique de l’arabe : la grammaire des invariants lexicaux temporels / Classifications and grammars of Arab lexical invariants in anticipation of an automatic processing of this language. Construction of a theoretical model of Arabic : grammar of temporal lexical invariants

Ghoul, Dhaou 07 December 2016 (has links)
Cette thèse porte sur la classification et le traitement des invariants lexicaux arabes qui expriment un aspect temporel afin de créer un modèle qui présente chaque invariant sous la forme d’un schéma de grammaire (automates à états finis). Dans ce travail nous avons limité notre traitement seulement pour 20 invariants lexicaux. Notre hypothèse part du principe que les invariants lexicaux sont situés au même niveau structural (formel) que les schèmes dans le langage quotient (squelette) de la langue arabe. Ils cachent beaucoup d’informations et entraînent des attentes syntaxiques qui permettent de prédire la structure de la phrase.Au début de cette thèse, nous abordons la notion « invariant lexical » en exposant les différents niveaux d’invariance. Ensuite, nous classons les invariants étudiés dans cette thèse selon plusieurs critères.La deuxième partie de cette thèse fait l’objet de notre propre étude concernant les invariants lexicaux temporels dans laquelle nous commençons par une présentation de notre méthode d’étude linguistique ainsi que la modélisation par schémas de grammaires des invariants lexicaux temporels étudiés. Ensuite, nous abordons l’analyse proprement dite des invariants lexicaux simples comme « ḥattā, baʿda » et complexes comme « baʿdamā, baynamā ».Enfin, une application expérimentale « Kawâkib » a été employée pour détecter et identifier les invariants lexicaux en montrant leurs points forts aussi bien que leurs lacunes. Nous proposons également une nouvelle vision de la prochaine version de « Kawâkib » qui peut représenter une application pédagogique de l'arabe sans lexique. / This thesis focuses on the classification and the treatment of Arabic lexical invariants that express a temporal aspect. Our aim is to create a diagram of grammar (finite state machine) for each invariant. In this work, we limited our treatment to 20 lexical invariants. Our assumption is that the lexical invariants are located at the same structural level (formal) as the schemes in the language quotient (skeleton) of the Arabic language. They hide much information and involve syntactic expectations that make it possible to predict the structure of the sentence.In the first part of our research tasks, we present the concept of “invariant lexical” by exposing the various levels of invariance. Then, we classify the invariants according to several criteria.The second part is the object of our own study concerning the temporal lexical invariants. We present our linguistic method as well as our approach of modelling using diagrams of grammars. Then, we analyze the simple lexical invariants such “ḥattā, baʿda” and the complexes ones such “baʿdamā, baynamā”.Finally, an experimental application “Kawâkib” was used to detect and identify the lexical invariants by showing their strong points as well as their gaps. We also propose a new vision of the next version of “Kawâkib” that can represent a teaching application of Arabic without lexicon.

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