M.A. / Although codeswitching as an area of sociolinguistic behaviour has become increasingly prevalent in the public and social life of a multilinguistic and multicultural South Africa, it remains an unexplored area. To many codeswitching is something impure which shows the lack of understanding of this phenomenon. Since 1993 students and lecturers at the Sohnge College of Education have been exposed to a new language contact situation between Afrikaans and English. The alternating between Afrikaans and English within the same conversation (codeswitching) is an option that has been taken in an effort to facilitate the communication process. The aim of this study is to indicate the effectiveness of codeswitching as a means of communication in the language use of lecturers at the Sohnge College of Education. A group interview had been conducted in order to establish what the lecturers' ideas and experiences of codeswitching are. Recordings of lectures, tutorials and meetings were made to ascertain when, where and why lecturers codeswitch. The data was analysed with regard to social motivations and linguistic structures. For this the models of Carol Myers- Scotton, one of the leading researchers in the field of codeswitching, were used. These are the Markedness Model (for establishing the social motivations) and the Matrix Language Frame Model (for analysing the linguistic constraints). Given the fact that this study is the first to investigate codeswitching between Afrikaans and English by using the models of Myers—Scotton, one can only hope that this first effort will cast some light on this common and yet unexplored phenomenon of codeswitching between Afrikaans and English.

<p>This study explored the use of code-switching in Biology classes at high school level, how it is used in the teaching and learning situation and its effect on the learners' performance in the subject. Grade 11 was chosen as it precedes the last year at high school.</p>

<p>This study explored the use of code-switching in Biology classes at high school level, how it is used in the teaching and learning situation and its effect on the learners' performance in the subject. Grade 11 was chosen as it precedes the last year at high school.</p>

Magister Educationis - MEd / This study explored the use of code-switching in Biology classes at high school level, how it is used in the teaching and learning situation and its effect on the learners' performance in the subject. Grade 11 was chosen as it precedes the last year at high school. / South Africa

MA (Tshivenda) / Senthara ya M.E.R.Mathivha ya Nyambo dza Afrika, Vhutsila na Mvelele / Code switching is a factor that is affecting many languages in our communities. There are so many factors that have led people to code switch. People seem to think that it is a good thing to code switch overlooking the impacts of code switching. The aim of this research is to reveal the causes of code switching and its impact on Tshivenḓa language which is regarded as one of the minority languages in Zimbabwe. This study will reveal the causes of code switching Tshivenḓa language in Beitbridge town and the impacts of doing so which include among others language death and language shift. The study will also show how shortage of books, publishing companies, presence of private schools and the uninvolvement of government has contributed to code switching of Tshivenḓa language in Beitbridge town in Zimbabwe. The study will also put forth some recommendations that can be used in order to solve this problem of code switching languages.

MA (Xitsonga) / Senthara ya M. E. R. Mathivha ya Tindzimi ta Afrika, Vutshila ni Ndhavuko / See the attached abstract below

M. Tech. Language Practice / This case study investigated the Afrikaans communication of Grade 10 Afrikaans home language pupils from a dual-medium Free State high school. The participants on whom this study focusses were therefore constantly exposed to an alteration between English and Afrikaans, and the researcher believed their communication would be filled with English code-switched words. It was speculated that these pupils would code-switch often due to the fact that the communication in the school constantly moved between Afrikaans and English. The researcher set out to determine (1) in what way and how often the English code-switching used by these pupils affected the spoken meaning of their communication. She also wanted to know (2) which type of English code-switched words were used most frequently and (3) if these words occurred mostly on intra-sentential or extra-sentential level. Another aim of the study was to (4) establish what aspects of these pupils' spoken Afrikaans were affected by English code-switching and how many times they were affected.

Thesis (M.A. (African Languages)) --University of Limpopo, 2012 / Refer to the document

This thesis has a dual focus viz. language attitudes and code-switching behaviour of facilitators and learners in the Key Learning Area of Language, Literacy and Communication (LLC), in the senior phase (more specifically Grades 8 and 9), Outcomes-Based Education (OBE) classroom. The schools that form the basis of this study are an Afrikaans medium school (comprising predominantly Afrikaans native language (NL) speakers); an English medium school (comprising both English NL and Zulu NL speakers); and a school that claims to be an English medium school, but where, in reality, the language of learning and teaching (for its predominantly Zulu NL speakers) is English-Zulu CS. These schools were specifically selected because the linguistic ethos of each is distinctly different from each other and because each may be distinguished as exNED1, exHOD2 and exDET3 schools as a result of the separatist principles of the government prior to 1994. This study, firstly, investigates the attitudes of school stake-holders viz. educators, subject advisors, parent component of the school governing body (SGB) and Grade 8 and 9 learners, toward the three principal languages i.e. English, Afrikaans and isiZulu, offered for study at Kwazulu Natal (KZN) schools, more specifically in Port Shepstone, the lower south coast of KZN. It also investigates the attitudes of the school stake-holders toward code-switching (CS). The methods I employed in collecting the data for determining attitudes toward the three languages and CS between these languages are questionnaires and interviews. An analysis of the data reveals that, for the participants of this research: (i) English is the most prestigious and coveted language and is the preferred medium of instruction for English NL and Zulu NL speakers; (ii) Afrikaans and Zulu are both perceived as "low-languages" but are greatly valued by their respective indigenous speakers mostly because they endow them with a sense of identity; and (iii) Zulu is the preferred additional language by English NL speakers. In addition, an analysis of the data reveals that the participants have mixed attitudes toward CS: (i) a few see code-switching as a degenerative form of linguistic behaviour that hinders learning; (ii) a few perceive it positively with the view that it fulfills a variety of functions in both informal and formal domains; and (iii) most attach a neutral value to it, in that, depending on the 'wheres' and 'whys' and how often it is used, code-switching can either promote or hinder learning. This study shows that most of the participants of this study hold neutral views toward CS thus indicating a shift in attitudes toward this form of linguistic behaviour i.e. from mostly negative to neutral views. Secondly, in investigating whether CS is used in the LLC English (LLCE) [Ll], LLCE [L2], and LLC Afrikaans (LLCA) [L2] classrooms by means of lesson recordings, the data reveals that: (i) the facilitator of the LLCE [Ll] classroom of the English medium school does not make use of CS in her classroom but that the Zulu speaking learners use CS during group-work; (ii) the facilitator and learners of LLCE [L2] of the Afrikaans medium school do not make use of CS because it is proscribed at the school; (iii) the Zulu NL facilitator and learners of LLCE [L2] make use of English-Zulu CS; and (iv) the English NL speaking facilitators and learners of LLCA [L2] use Afrikaans-English CS, and the Zulu NL speaking facilitators and learners of LLCA [L2] use Afrikaans-English-Zulu CS as the medium of teaching and learning. This study also examines the forms and functions of English-Zulu CS, Afrikaans-English CS and Afrikaans-English-Zulu CS by bilingual and multilingual teachers and learners. An analysis of data obtained from lesson recordings reveals that the facilitators and learners engage in various forms of CS behaviour in their teaching and discussing, respectively. These forms are: intersentential switching, intrasentential switching, lexical switching and tag switching. Through an analysis of data obtained from the lesson recordings, this research also reveals that the use of CS fulfills social, psychological and pedagogical functions. Code-switching therefore claims a legitimate place as a teaching and learning agent in the LLC, senior phase, OBE classroom. As such, I argue that CS is not demonstrative of language incompetence, nor is it necessarily an interlanguage but a linguistic code that may be employed as a powerful teaching and learning resource by those who have the linguistic repertoire to do so. Finally, I explore the implications of this research for principals, teachers and SGB members, L2 teachers and teaching, and teaching methodology. I suggest that there is a need for the education role-players to engage in consciousness raising as the language policy documents clearly accord CS official status, particularly in the OBE curriculum, and more importantly, because CS is a reality in the classroom. In addition, I suggest that by employing CS in the teaching of languages, learning is enhanced, language communicative competence is promoted, and the achievement of the specific outcomes outlined for LLC by OBE curriculum are facilitated. Furthermore, in exploring the implications for methodology, I argue that CS can be used consciously, as a technique for teaching and learning. Lastly, I suggest that if the Department of Education is committed to promoting multilingualism among its learners, then it should make the necessary financial resources available to schools. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2003.

The research described in this thesis is a case study of the communicative repertoires of teachers and learners of a grade seven class in a small rural primary school. The aim of the investigation was to find out if code switching is different in content-subject classes than in an English language class. The study accomplishes this by looking at code switching in different learning areas. Different research techniques such as observations, video. recording, taking of field notes and interviews are used as the means of data collection. The study does not attempt a full linguistic description of the switches made by the research subjects. For example, it does not deal with linguistic constraints on code switching, but instead it focuses on the functional aspects of code switching. The study reveals that there are various functions of code switching in the classroom. The following are the major findings noted in this study: • Code switching is a communicative resource, which enables the teachers and learners to accomplish a considerable number and range of social and educational objectives. • Code switching is used to negotiate and renegotiate meaning. • How teachers code switch in class depends on how difficult the lesson is for the learners. • The study reveals no major differences between code switching In content subjects than in English as a subject. • Although tbe subjects engage in code switching, they seem to feel guilty about their behaviour.