Cette thèse soutient avec la théorie de la néoténie linguistique l’idée que l’ordre déjà établi par une langue chez le locuteur nouvellement bilingue n’est plus stable lors de l’insertion d’une deuxième langue et ensuite, la concurrence non égalitaire qui se révèle entre les deux. Entre la langue et l’identité, il existe une interdépendance. Le bilingue français-persan subordonné, ayant immigré à un territoire francophone à l’âge linguistiquement adulte, tâche d’insérer un autre système de comportements linguistiques, une autre manière d’être, dans un espace cognitif qui, n’en éprouve pas le besoin de continuer pour fonctionner normalement. Donc il s’affranchit du monolinguisme persanophone, i.e. de son spécialisation naturelle, pour opter au bilinguisme français-persan. L’enfant bilingue français-persan issu de famille linguistiquement mixte, est théoriquement conçu pour créer son être immanent dans les deux langues. Mais en réalité, la valorisation des langues française et persane, la scolarisation, le choix de la langue familiale et plusieurs d’autres paramètres déterminants effectuent des changements considérables dans le choix de la langue du locuteur concerné. Si le sentiment d’autosuffisance permet au locuteur bilingue français-persan d’être identifiable à la satisfaction de son environnement linguistique en français, l’appropriation et la pratique du persan, dans la famille pour lui ne reste plus une nécessité absolue car il se voit dans un univers linguistique, mental et culturel dont la réalité orale est plus pertinente avec la sphère sociale. / This dissertation, using the theory of linguistic neoteny, supports the idea that the order initially established by a language in a speaker who has become bilingual at a later stage is no longer stable at the time when the second language is inserted, and subsequently an unequal competition between the two languages becomes apparent. There exists an interdependence between the language and the identity of the speaker. The subordinated French-Persian bilingual, who has immigrated to a francophone area at the age of linguistic adulthood, tries to insert another system of linguistic behavior, another mode of being, in a cognitive space which does not sustain the need to continue to function normally. Thus, s/he overcomes his/her Persian monolingualism, that is, his/her natural specialization, in order to opt for French-Persian bilingualism.The French-Persian bilingual child born into alinguistically mixed family is theoretically conceived to create his/her immanent being in both languages.But in reality, the value ascribed to a language, schooling, the choice of family language, and several other determining factors significantly affect the speaker’s choice of his/her preferred language. If the French-Persian bilingual’s sense of self-sufficiency allows him/her to identify him-/herself as a speaker of French to the satisfaction of his/her linguistic environment, the appropriation and practice of Persian in his/her family are no longer strictly necessary because s/he sees him-/herself in a mental, cultural and linguistic universe whose oral reality is more relevant to the social sphere.

La ricerca prende le mosse dalla constatazione che gli studenti di madrelingua romena delle medie commettono molti errori nell'inglese scritto. Anche facendo tesoro della esperienza condotta come insegnante d'inglese in Romania, ho scelto come tema della Tesi di Dottorato un'analisi dell'errore con lo scopo di scoprirne le ragioni e di proporre dei miglioramenti per l'insegnamento e l'apprendimento. La ricerca si propone due obiettivi: 1) la messa a punto di un quadro teorico relativo all'analisi contrastiva, all'analisi dell'errore e i modelli di analisi dell'errore; 2) la ricerca sulle origini dell'errore, identificando, descrivendo, classificando e diagnosticando gli errori nell'inglese scritto in cui incorrono solitamente gli studenti romeni. Lo studio ha preso in esame terminologie relative a errori interlinguistici, transfer negativo/interferenza, interlanguage , errori intralinguistici, gravità degli errori e valutazione degli errori. Lo scopo ultimo è di dimostrare fino a che punto il transfer negativo/interferenza sia la causa di errori nella comunicazione scritta degli studenti romeni e fino a che punto questi errori siano causati dalla lingua target. I risultati hanno dimostrato che gli errori interlinguistici e quelli intralinguistici sono piuttosto bilanciati. Trova altresì conferma l'ipotesi dell'utilità di stabilire una gerarchia degli errori basata sulla loro frequenza, così da suggerire agli insegnanti contromisure mirate. l'unico fattore che incide. Trova altresì conferma l'ipotesi dell'utilità di stabilire una gerarchia degli errori basata sulla loro frequenza, così da suggerire agli insegnanti contromisure mirate. / As lower secondary school students commit many errors in writing when English is the target language and Romanian is the native language, I have decided to conduct an error analysis in order to find out what the sources of their errors are, and to suggest improvements for teaching and learning. The present study is intended to provide a theoretical background for contrastive analysis, error analysis, models for error analysis and sources of errors by identifying, describing, categorising, and diagnosing Romanian students' errors in English written compositions. It will also examine related terms such as interlingual errors, negative L1 transfer/interference, interlanguage errors, intralingual errors, error gravity and error evaluation. The ultimate goal of this paper is to demonstrate to what extent negative L1 transfer/interference is the cause for errors in my students' English writing and to what extent these errors are caused by the target language. The findings have demonstrated that interlingual (negative transfer) errors and intralingual (developmental) errors are quite balanced; while interference from the mother tongue plays a role, it is not the only interfering factor. The hypothesis regarding the importance of establishing an error hierarchy based on error frequency has also been validated.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:06:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BeatrizAPC_DISSERT.pdf: 756384 bytes, checksum: 0b181d170da702fdbe170017c79009e2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-04 / This work has risen from the researcher s pedagogical practice at a technical school in Natal, and it aims to observ how affectiveness is noticed by the students in their English classes, since we can have an idea of technicist teaching, which foccus on the acquisition of technical abilities. As cognition and affectiveness are considered indivisible elements in this research, we tried to identify the linguistic signs that express the students representations about affectiveness in their English classes. We used the Systemic Functional Linguistics approach to study the Ideational metafunction of Halliday (1994), by means of the transitivity system, to show how the clauses are used to illustrate these representations, and the interpersonal metafunction, that deals with the relationship between the teacher and the students. We tried to identify the most common processes (HALLIDAY, 1994) mentioned by the 68 students who participated in this work. We used learning narratives (BARCELOS, 2006) submitted to Wordsmith Tools computing program (SCOTT, 2009), whose results indicate the most frequent lexical items found in their narratives. The lexical choices seem to indicate that affectiveness is noticed as a composing element of the English classes in that school. There are representations of interacting classes, where the students needs are considered. These representations are built in the relationship of the students and the teacher, and they are grammatically realized by means of the polarity adjunct no , the intensity adjunct very , and the nominal group the teacher . The relational and mental processes (be) and (like) are the most used in their narratives, and we also observe that affectiveness and disponibility to help the students are considered the most important attitudes in their representations. The Appraisal system is used to analise the choices related to the attitudes and judgement of the students, that show appreciation for interacting classes, but there is still authorithary berhavior from the teacher in the English classes / Esta pesquisa surgiuda pr?tica pedag?gica da pesquisadora em uma escola t?cnica, na cidade de Natal/RN, e tem por objetivo verificar como a afetividade ? percebidapelos alunosnas aulas de ingl?s, pois,a princ?pio, pode-se tera ideia de um ensino tecnicista, cujo foco ? o processo de aquisi??o de habilidades, nos cursos t?cnicos. Como neste trabalhocogni??o e afetividade s?o considerados elementos indissoci?veis,procuramos identificar as marcas lingu?sticas que expressam as representa??esconstru?das pelos alunos sobre a afetividade nessas aulas. Utilizamos a metafun??o ideacional de Halliday (1994),realizada pelo sistema de transitividade para ilustrarcomo as ora??es s?o utilizadas para realizar as representa??es e ametafun??o interpessoal, que trata das rela??es entre professor e aluno.Procuramosidentificar os processos (HALLIDAY, 1994) mais utilizados pelos 68 alunosparticipantes da pesquisa, de modo a estabelecer o lugarda afetividadeem suas representa??es.Utilizamos narrativas de aprendizagem (BARCELOS, 2006), submetidas ao programa computacional WordsmithTools (SCOTT, 2009), cujos resultados apontam os itens lexicais mais frequentes. As escolhas lexicais parecem sugerir que a afetividade ? percebidacomo elemento integrante das aulas de ingl?s dessa escola. H? representa??es de aulas interativas,nas quais as necessidades dos alunos s?o consideradas. Essas representa??es s?o constru?das no relacionamento do professor com os alunos, realizadas gramaticalmente pelo adjunto de polaridadenegativa n?o , adjunto de intensidade muito , e do grupo nominal o(a)professor (a) junto a um operador verbal. Os processos relacionais (ser e estar) e mentais (gostar) foram os mais utilizados em seus textos, e observamos que a afetividade e a disponibilidade em ajudar s?o elementos de articula??o de primeira ordem para eles. O sistema de Avaliatividade (MARTIN; WHITE, 2005) foi utilizado para analisar as escolhas relacionadas ?s atitudes de julgamento e ao afeto feitas pelos alunos, que apontaram aprecia??o por aulas interativas e participativas,mas ainda h? posturas autorit?rias nas aulas

Makala hii inachunguza hali ya somo la isimu ya lugha linalofundishwa katika nyingi ya idara za Kiswahili vyuoni vikuu nchini Kenya. Inaangazia matatizo yanayotinga kufana kwa somo hili. Inahitimiza kwa kupendekeza kwamba iwapo matokeo mazuri yatapatikana na wanafunzi wa somo hili, yafaa matatizo yanayokwamiza somo hili yatatuliwe, hasa kwa upande wa usawazishaji wa istilahi, tafsiri, uzito wa kozi na mengineyo. Makala hii inapendekeza kuwa ni muhimu kila chuo kikuu kiunde kamati ya kuchunguza jambo hili.

Title: Corpus approach to teaching Czech as a foreign language Author: Mgr. Bc. Adrian Jan Zasina Department: Institute of the Czech National Corpus Supervisor: Mgr. Lucie Lukešová, Ph.D. Abstract: Recently, we have experienced a rapid development in information technologies which is closely linked with the development of language corpora. Language corpora provide an indispensable amount of authentic data and information about how the real language works, therefore it is no wonder they deserve our attention in language teaching as well. We have seen a growing interest in the use of corpus resources in teaching Czech as a foreign language, however, the methodological issues dealing with specific applications have so far been rather neglected. Therefore, the present dissertation aims to systematically map the possibilities of incorporating corpora into current language teaching while considering the specific language needs of foreigners based on their typical errors. The emphasis is not only on a coherent methodological framework, but also on a practical demonstration of the work with corpus data, which is intended not only for corpus specialists but especially for teachers and their students. The basis of the work lies in an extensive analysis mapping the most problematic phenomena in teaching Czech...

<p>Ova disretacija bavi se korpusnom<br />IZ lingvistikom, ali iz perspektive teorijskih<br />metodolo&scaron;kih i praktičnih aspekata<br />koncipiranja kursa korpusne lingvistike koji<br />je utemeljen na principima interaktivne<br />nastave. Glavni cilj ovog istraživanja jeste<br />da se u njemu formuli&scaron;u principi<br />projektovanja interaktivnih kurseve koji su<br />usklađeni sa sadržajima studijskih programa<br />i sadržaja ostalih kurseva, ali i koji su<br />pedago&scaron;ki efikasni i orijentisani na studenta.<br />Drugi cilj istraživanje jeste da se u skladu<br />sa ovim principima koncipira kurs korpusne<br />lingvistike koji je optimalno prilagođen<br />uvođenju korpusne lingvistike i interaktivne<br />natave na diplomske akademske studije<br />anglistike u Srbiji. Treći cilj istraživanja je<br />da proveri inicijalnu hipotezu da će kurs<br />korpusne lingvistike projektovan u skladu sa<br />principima koncipiranja interaktivne natave i<br />sproveden u hibridnom okruženju biti<br />superioran u odnosi na kurs istih sadržaja ali<br />sproveden isključivo primenom<br />tradicionalnih metoda nastave.</p> / <p>This thesis deals with corpus linguistics, but<br />AB from the point of view of theoretical,<br />methodological and practical aspects of<br />designing a course in corpus lingusitics<br />which is based on the principles of<br />interactive teaching and learning. The main<br />aim of the research is to formulate principles<br />of designing interactive courses which are<br />alligned with curricula and syllaby, but<br />which are also pegogically efficient and<br />student-friendly. The secondary aim is to<br />design a course in accordance with these<br />principles which is optimally suitable for<br />introducing corpus linguistic and interactive<br />teaching methods to MA studies of English<br />language and linguistics in Serbia. The third<br />aim of the research is to test the initial<br />hypothesis that a course designed in accordance with interactive principles of course design and realized as a hybrid course will be superior to the same course based entirely on traditional teaching methods.</p>