Thesis--Royal Dental College, Copenhagen, 1970. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 161-[165]).

Thesis--Royal Dental College, Copenhagen, 1970. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 161-[165]).

published_or_final_version / Speech and Hearing Sciences / Master / Master of Science in Audiology

Past research investigating stuttering has cited atypical cerebral lateralization in adults who stutter (AWS) during speech production. The purpose of this study was to measure cerebral activation in AWS as indicated by lip asymmetry. The study included five AWS (mean age = 26 years of age) and five adults who do not stutter (AWNS) (mean age = 25 years of age). The tasks included single-word productions, single-sentence readings and lip pursings. The peak electromyographic (EMG) amplitude was determined for the left upper, right upper, left lower and right lower lip quadrants around the mouth. Overall, EMG amplitudes were higher for the lower lip than the upper lip. Based on examination of peak EMG amplitude, significant differences were found between speaker groups. For both speech and non-speech tasks, the highest EMG amplitude for the AWS and AWNS groups were on the left lower and right lower sides of the mouth, respectively. The AWNS group showed strong correlations in EMG activity across the four lip sites (r>0.97), indicating an overall synchronous lip activity during speech and non-speech tasks. In contrast, the AWS group showed a strong correlation (r=0.97) only for the left upper and left lower lips while the other lip pairings were not strongly correlated (r<0.738) indicating otherwise reduced synchronous lip activity. While the small sample size suggests caution, clear differences in the pattern of lip EMG activity demonstrated in the present study provides evidence of differences between AWS and AWNS in the cerebral activation governing lip movement. The greater left lip activity observed in AWS was indicative of greater right hemisphere cerebral activation while increased right lip activity was indicative of greater left hemisphere participation in AWNS. The results of the present study provided support for the hypotheses of reversed lateralization for speech and non-speech processing and reduced coordination of speech musculature in AWS.

MSc, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand / Evolution of cleft lip repair has been ongoing for many years. The reason for the various techniques stems from the advances relevant to function and aesthetics of the repair. Unfortunately, the literature does not reveal the long term results of many of these procedures with reference to normal lip anthropometrics. The reason for this is that the normal lip anthropometrics have not been adequately described. This study aims to describe a new technique for unilateral cleft lip repair and to substantiate its evolution by comparing it to the normal upper lips as well as to the most popular current technique of cleft lip repair (Millard technique). This will be done by the following steps: 1. Evaluate the most commonly used current technique of unilateral cleft lip repair (Millard rotation advancement), both objectively and subjectively. 2. Assess the normal anthropometric measurements of the horizontal lip dimensions. a. To assess normal horizontal lip dimensions according to different age categories to serve as reference values for further studies. b. To assess the timing where the lip is fully developed. vi c. To assess Cupid’s bow length in relation to horizontal lip length at different ages, thereby assessing dynamic changes with growth. 3. Compare the currently used technique of unilateral cleft lip repair to normal values indicating the anatomical drawbacks to the technique. 4. Describe a new technique for unilateral cleft lip repair which eliminates some of the unwanted drawbacks of the Millard technique. This new technique has the distinct advantage of maintaining better lip symmetry and not breaching anatomical landmarks of the lip. This technique is referred to as the straight line repair and is easy to teach and the results are reproducible

No description available.

Thesis (M.D.S.)--University of Hong Kong, 1992. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print.

Background: Several treatment protocols exist for the management of patients with complete unilateral (CUCLP) and bilateral (CBCLP) cleft lip and palate, and little evidence exists on comparison of their outcomes. Objectives: To compare craniofacial morphology among individuals with CUCLP and CBCLP treated at different North American centers. Methods: Lateral cephalograms of 148 individuals with repaired CUCLP (average age = 8y 8m) and 93 individuals with repaired CBCLP (average age = 8y 10m) were analyzed. The group means for the different centers per cephalometric measurement evaluated (16 angular, 7 linear, and 2 ratio), were compared using ANOVA. Results: For both the CUCLP and CBCLP samples, the most significant differences were observed in the sagittal maxillary prominence. The center that performed primary alveolar bone grafting consistently showed the lowest maxillary prominence. Conclusions: Significant differences in craniofacial morphology, specifically maxillary prominence, exist among patients with CUCLP and CBCLP treated at different North American centers.

Background: Several treatment protocols exist for the management of patients with complete unilateral (CUCLP) and bilateral (CBCLP) cleft lip and palate, and little evidence exists on comparison of their outcomes. Objectives: To compare craniofacial morphology among individuals with CUCLP and CBCLP treated at different North American centers. Methods: Lateral cephalograms of 148 individuals with repaired CUCLP (average age = 8y 8m) and 93 individuals with repaired CBCLP (average age = 8y 10m) were analyzed. The group means for the different centers per cephalometric measurement evaluated (16 angular, 7 linear, and 2 ratio), were compared using ANOVA. Results: For both the CUCLP and CBCLP samples, the most significant differences were observed in the sagittal maxillary prominence. The center that performed primary alveolar bone grafting consistently showed the lowest maxillary prominence. Conclusions: Significant differences in craniofacial morphology, specifically maxillary prominence, exist among patients with CUCLP and CBCLP treated at different North American centers.

No description available.