<div>Reproductive efficiency in sows and boars affects the profitability of swine production systems. However, breeding stock selection is primarily based on progeny performance traits such as feed efficiency, growth rate, carcass characteristics, physical appearance, and structure, especially for terminal sire lines, with less emphasis on reproduction. While maternal sire lines are co-selected for reproductive traits including birth litter size, number weaned, weaning weight, and wean to estrus interval, currently, there is no single test predictive of fertility, and thus subfertile males and sub-fertile or even infertile females enter the swine breeding herds (Oh et al., 2006b; Safranski, 2008). Thus, to maximize economic returns and swine production efficiency there is a need for a biomarker to identify boars and gilts with the greatest reproductive potential before admittance into the breeding herd. The overall aim of the described studies was to determine if biomarkers of fertility of boars and gilts could be identified in biological samples taken prior to or just after animals entering the breeding herds using high throughput omic screening tools resulting from recent advancements in mass spectrometry.</div><div>Current semen evaluation techniques only identify boars with fertility issues associated with sperm motility, morphology, and concentration. We know that seminal plasma proteins are essential for proper sperm function and play an important role in fertilization. Therefore, we hypothesized that fertility differences could be reflected in the seminal plasma proteome profiles. A fertility index was created from 110 boars with data on total born and farrowing rate following 50 single-sired matings. Thirty-two of the 110 boars were identified as having extreme phenotypes for total born and farrowing rate and were categorized into one of the following: high farrowing rate and high total born (HFHB; n=9), high farrowing rate with low total born (HFLB; n=10), low farrowing rate and low total born (LFLB; n=9), and low farrowing rate with high total born (LFHB; n=4). The seminal plasma proteins were isolated and measured using label-free liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). There were 436 proteins measured in at least one sample across all animals, with 245 proteins considered for analysis (detected in samples of at least n=3 animals/phenotype). Of the 245 proteins, 56 were differentially abundant (P < 0.05) between the high fertility phenotype (HFHB) and at least one of the three subfertile groups. Proteins previously associated with fertility such as Porcine seminal protein I (PSP-I) and epididymis-specific alpha-mannosidase (MAN2B2) and free radical detoxification such as superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), peroxiredoxin 4 (PRDX4), and glutathione peroxidase 6 (GPX6) were more abundant in HFHB. Subfertile phenotypes had a greater abundance of blood microparticle proteins, biomarkers of inflammation, and lower inositol-1-monophosphatase (IMPA1), which regulates inositol production. Findings supported that seminal plasma protein profiles were distinct between boars with different fertility phenotypes and have the potential to predict boar reproductive performance.</div><div>The selection of replacement females for the sow herd is one of the most important facets in sow system management. However, selection of gilts for sow herd replacements is primarily based on how the animal appears such as feet and leg confirmation, the gilt’s underline, and parent past performance. This practice resulted in a high degree of variation in sow reproductive performance traits such as pigs per sow per year (PSY) and increased culling rates due to reproductive failure. In female swine, perinatal nutritional environment has been associated with their long-term fertility. The vaginal lipidome of 2 day and 14 day old gilts was found reflective of nutrition source, which suggests that perinatal nutrition affects the composition of reproductive tissues. Thus, it was hypothesized that the vaginal lipidome profiles of gilts at weaning would be reflective of fertility later in life. The first study aimed to find potential on-farm biomarkers that technicians could use to make selection decisions. Variables chosen as potential biomarkers have potential to influence or predict long-term fertility. Data were prospectively collected from 2146 gilts born on a commercial sow production facility and included birth and weaning weights, vulva length and width at 21 d postnatal (PN), birth and nursing litter size, days nursed, average daily gain from birth to weaning, and age at first estrus. Of the initial animals, 400 (17%) were selected for the sow herd, 353 remained after removing animals culled for non-reproductive reasons. Animals were assigned to 1 of 5 reproductive performance categories based on observation of estrus or pigs per sow per year (PSY) across two farrowings: High Fertility (HF; 23%; n=82; ≥26 PSY), Middle Fertility (MF2; 12%; n=43; 20-25 PSY), Low Fertility (MF3; 15%; n=54; <20 PSY), Infertile-Estrus (IFe; 10%; n= 36; estrus, no pregnancy), and Infertile-No Estrus (IFno; 39%; n=138; no estrus, no pregnancy). Generalized linear model analysis indicated vulva width (P=0.03) was related to PSY, however, it only explained 1.5% of the total variation in PSY. To determine if preweaning variables were predictive of gilt fertility outcome, animals were grouped as those that became pregnant (n=179) or not (n=174). Vulva width tended to be greater in fertile animals versus infertile (P=0.07). Binomial regression analysis revealed a positive relationship between vulva width and gilt fertility; however, this relationship is not strong enough to make sow herd selection decisions.</div><div>Because gilts are so phenotypically similar at weaning, we hypothesized that the biomarker predictive of fertility at this stage of selection might need a more sensitive means of detection. Therefore, we evaluated the vaginal lipid profiles from a subset of animals enrolled in the previous study that were the extremes of fertility phenotype: High Fertility (HF; n=28; ≥26 PSY) and Infertile (IF; n=34; no estrus, no pregnancy). Vaginal swabs of the anterior vagina were taken at 21 ± 4 d PN. Lipids were extracted from cellular material collected with swabs and analyzed using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) profiling for lipidome analysis. Relative abundance of arachidonic acid (ARA, C20:4) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6) were lower (P<0.05) in IF gilts than HF gilts, whereas abundance of the free fatty acids cerotic (C26:0), ximenic (C26:1), and nonadecanoic (C19:0) acids were greater (P<0.05) in IF gilts. Additionally, eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5), a precursor of prostaglandins, was also higher (P<0.05) in IF gilts.</div><div> Previous studies support that higher levels of arachidonic acid in vaginal lipidomes maybe a biomarker of colostrum intake, and thus provides further evidence for a relationship between fertility and the perinatal nutritional environment. The perspective of having a panel of lipids captured with vaginal swabs at weaning that can predict the reproductive efficiency of gilts shows promise and warrants future research in this area. Taken together, the experiments described above demonstrate that detection of infertile and subfertile animals before entering the breeding herd is possible and warrants further development and validation of diagnostic panels capable of doing so. </div><div><br></div>

O presente trabalho investigou se a exposição em períodos precoces da vida à ração com alto teor de gordura animal altera o risco de câncer de mama na vida adulta em ratas. Ratas mães foram expostas à ração com alto teor de gordura (ATG) à base de banha de porco (60 % de energia proveniente de gordura) ou uma dieta controle AIN93G (16 % de energia proveniente de gordura) durante a gestação ou gestação e lactação. A prole feminina com 7 semanas de idade foi induzida a carcinogênese mamária com o carcinógeno 7,12-dimeti-benz[a]antraceno. Comparado à prole do grupo controle, observou-se menor suscetibilidade à carcinogênese mamária na prole do grupo de ratas prenhas submetidas à ração ATG durante a gestação (menor incidência de neoplasias, multiplicidade e peso das neoplasias) ou gestação e lactação (menor multiplicidade). Prole feminina de ratas exposta à ração ATG durante a gestação apresentou menor crescimento da árvore epitelial mamária, proliferação celular (Ki67) e expressão de NFkB p65 e maior expressão de p21 e níveis globais de H3K9me3 na glândula mamária. Além disso, esta apresentou uma tendência na redução da razão Rank/Rankl (p=0,09) e níveis de progesterona sérica (p=0,07). Glândula mamária da prole feminina do grupo exposto à ração ATG durante a gestação e lactação apresentou menor número de TEBs, crescimento da árvore epitelial e razão BCL-2/BAX e maiores níveis de leptina em comparação à prole do grupo controle. Análise de lipidômica das glândulas mamárias revelou que exposição à ração ATG especificamente durante a gestação apresentou pequenos efeitos no perfil de ácidos graxos na prole feminina, enquanto que a exposição à essa ração durante a gestação e lactação promoveu menor concentração de ácidos graxos saturados (exceto ácido esteárico) e maior concentração de ácidos graxos polinsaturados da série n-6, monoinsaturados e ácido linoleico conjugado (CLA). De acordo com análise de dependência de redes diferencial (DDN) dos genes diferentemente expressos pela análise de \"microarray\" exposição à ração ATG em períodos precoces da vida altera a rede transcricional da glândula mamária na vida adulta. Especificamente, ratas expostas à ração ATG somente durante o período fetal apresentou aumento da expressão de Hrh1 e Repin1 em comparação ao controle. A prole exposta à ração durante o período fetal e lactacional apresentou maior e menor expressão de Stra6 e Tlr1 em comparação ao contole, respectivamente e menor expressão de Crkrs em comparação à prole exposta à ração somente durante o período fetal. Nossos dados confirmam que o risco de câncer de mama da prole pode ser programado pela alimentação materna. No entanto, ao contrário do que se esperava, exposição a altos níveis de gordura animal no início da vida diminuiu a suscetibilidade ao câncer de mama na vida adulta. Dentre os possíveis mecanismos envolvidos nessa proteção encontram-se a modulação da morfologia e perfil lipídico da glândula mamária, redução da proliferação celular e aumento dos níveis proteicos de reguladores do ciclo celular, modulação de marcas epigenéticas como H3K9me3, modulação da expressão gênica global com alteração de redes de sinalização, bem como regulação de vias de sinalização específicas como RANK/RANKL/NF&#954;B. Porém esses mecanismos são dependentes do tempo e período de exposição. / The present study investigated whether early life exposure to high levels of animal fat changes breast cancer risk in adulthood in rats. Dams consumed a lard-based high-fat (HF) diet (60% fat-derived energy) or an AIN93G control diet (16% fat-derived energy) during gestation or gestation and lactation. Their 7-week-old female offspring were exposed to 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene to induce mammary tumors. Compared to the control offspring, significantly lower susceptibility to mammary cancer development was observed in the offspring of dams fed on HF diet during gestation (lower tumor incidence, multiplicity and weight), or gestation and lactation (lower tumor multiplicity only). Mammary epithelial elongation, cell proliferation (Ki67), and expression of NFkB p65 were significantly lower, and p21 expression and global H3K9me3 levels were higher in the mammary glands of rats exposed to HF lard diet in utero. They also tended to have lower Rank/Rankl ratios (p=0.09) and serum progesterone levels (p=0.07) than control offspring. In the mammary glands of offspring of dams consuming the HF diet during both gestation and lactation, the number of terminal end buds, epithelial elongation and the BCL-2/BAX ratio were significantly lower, and serum leptin levels were higher than in the controls. Lipidomic analysis on mammary glands showed that exposure to a lard-based HF diet only during gestation had little effects on fatty acids profile on offspring, whereas this exposure during gestation and lactation promoted significant changes on the offspring\'s mammary glands. In general, it decreased SFA (except for stearic acid) and increased n-6 PUFA, MUFA and CLA concentrations in mammary gland. According to Differential dependency network (DDN), analysis of genes differently expressed by microarray, exposure to HF diet during early life changes the transcriptional network of the mammary gland in adulthood. Specifically, rats exposed to HF diet only during the fetal period showed increased expression of Hrh1 e Repin1 compared to the control. The offspring exposed to the HF diet in utero and nursing had higher and lower expression of Stra6 and Tlr1, respectively, compared to the control and lower expression of Crkrs compared to the offspring exposed only in utero. Our data confirm that the breast cancer risk of offspring can be programmed by maternal dietary intake. However, contrary to our expectation, exposure to high levels of lard during early life decreased later susceptibility to breast cancer. The mechanisms involve modulation of mammary gland\'s morphology and lipid profile, decrease of cell proliferation and increase of cell cycle regulators, modulation of epigenetics marks as H3K9me3, modulation of global gene expression with alteration of transcriptional network and RANK/RANKL/NF&#954;B pathway. However, these mechanisms are dependent on the duration and period of exposure.

O presente trabalho investigou se a exposição em períodos precoces da vida à ração com alto teor de gordura animal altera o risco de câncer de mama na vida adulta em ratas. Ratas mães foram expostas à ração com alto teor de gordura (ATG) à base de banha de porco (60 % de energia proveniente de gordura) ou uma dieta controle AIN93G (16 % de energia proveniente de gordura) durante a gestação ou gestação e lactação. A prole feminina com 7 semanas de idade foi induzida a carcinogênese mamária com o carcinógeno 7,12-dimeti-benz[a]antraceno. Comparado à prole do grupo controle, observou-se menor suscetibilidade à carcinogênese mamária na prole do grupo de ratas prenhas submetidas à ração ATG durante a gestação (menor incidência de neoplasias, multiplicidade e peso das neoplasias) ou gestação e lactação (menor multiplicidade). Prole feminina de ratas exposta à ração ATG durante a gestação apresentou menor crescimento da árvore epitelial mamária, proliferação celular (Ki67) e expressão de NFkB p65 e maior expressão de p21 e níveis globais de H3K9me3 na glândula mamária. Além disso, esta apresentou uma tendência na redução da razão Rank/Rankl (p=0,09) e níveis de progesterona sérica (p=0,07). Glândula mamária da prole feminina do grupo exposto à ração ATG durante a gestação e lactação apresentou menor número de TEBs, crescimento da árvore epitelial e razão BCL-2/BAX e maiores níveis de leptina em comparação à prole do grupo controle. Análise de lipidômica das glândulas mamárias revelou que exposição à ração ATG especificamente durante a gestação apresentou pequenos efeitos no perfil de ácidos graxos na prole feminina, enquanto que a exposição à essa ração durante a gestação e lactação promoveu menor concentração de ácidos graxos saturados (exceto ácido esteárico) e maior concentração de ácidos graxos polinsaturados da série n-6, monoinsaturados e ácido linoleico conjugado (CLA). De acordo com análise de dependência de redes diferencial (DDN) dos genes diferentemente expressos pela análise de \"microarray\" exposição à ração ATG em períodos precoces da vida altera a rede transcricional da glândula mamária na vida adulta. Especificamente, ratas expostas à ração ATG somente durante o período fetal apresentou aumento da expressão de Hrh1 e Repin1 em comparação ao controle. A prole exposta à ração durante o período fetal e lactacional apresentou maior e menor expressão de Stra6 e Tlr1 em comparação ao contole, respectivamente e menor expressão de Crkrs em comparação à prole exposta à ração somente durante o período fetal. Nossos dados confirmam que o risco de câncer de mama da prole pode ser programado pela alimentação materna. No entanto, ao contrário do que se esperava, exposição a altos níveis de gordura animal no início da vida diminuiu a suscetibilidade ao câncer de mama na vida adulta. Dentre os possíveis mecanismos envolvidos nessa proteção encontram-se a modulação da morfologia e perfil lipídico da glândula mamária, redução da proliferação celular e aumento dos níveis proteicos de reguladores do ciclo celular, modulação de marcas epigenéticas como H3K9me3, modulação da expressão gênica global com alteração de redes de sinalização, bem como regulação de vias de sinalização específicas como RANK/RANKL/NF&#954;B. Porém esses mecanismos são dependentes do tempo e período de exposição. / The present study investigated whether early life exposure to high levels of animal fat changes breast cancer risk in adulthood in rats. Dams consumed a lard-based high-fat (HF) diet (60% fat-derived energy) or an AIN93G control diet (16% fat-derived energy) during gestation or gestation and lactation. Their 7-week-old female offspring were exposed to 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene to induce mammary tumors. Compared to the control offspring, significantly lower susceptibility to mammary cancer development was observed in the offspring of dams fed on HF diet during gestation (lower tumor incidence, multiplicity and weight), or gestation and lactation (lower tumor multiplicity only). Mammary epithelial elongation, cell proliferation (Ki67), and expression of NFkB p65 were significantly lower, and p21 expression and global H3K9me3 levels were higher in the mammary glands of rats exposed to HF lard diet in utero. They also tended to have lower Rank/Rankl ratios (p=0.09) and serum progesterone levels (p=0.07) than control offspring. In the mammary glands of offspring of dams consuming the HF diet during both gestation and lactation, the number of terminal end buds, epithelial elongation and the BCL-2/BAX ratio were significantly lower, and serum leptin levels were higher than in the controls. Lipidomic analysis on mammary glands showed that exposure to a lard-based HF diet only during gestation had little effects on fatty acids profile on offspring, whereas this exposure during gestation and lactation promoted significant changes on the offspring\'s mammary glands. In general, it decreased SFA (except for stearic acid) and increased n-6 PUFA, MUFA and CLA concentrations in mammary gland. According to Differential dependency network (DDN), analysis of genes differently expressed by microarray, exposure to HF diet during early life changes the transcriptional network of the mammary gland in adulthood. Specifically, rats exposed to HF diet only during the fetal period showed increased expression of Hrh1 e Repin1 compared to the control. The offspring exposed to the HF diet in utero and nursing had higher and lower expression of Stra6 and Tlr1, respectively, compared to the control and lower expression of Crkrs compared to the offspring exposed only in utero. Our data confirm that the breast cancer risk of offspring can be programmed by maternal dietary intake. However, contrary to our expectation, exposure to high levels of lard during early life decreased later susceptibility to breast cancer. The mechanisms involve modulation of mammary gland\'s morphology and lipid profile, decrease of cell proliferation and increase of cell cycle regulators, modulation of epigenetics marks as H3K9me3, modulation of global gene expression with alteration of transcriptional network and RANK/RANKL/NF&#954;B pathway. However, these mechanisms are dependent on the duration and period of exposure.

Os eicosanoides, produtos do metabolismo do ácido araquidônico, apresentam papel importante na homeostasia e na patogênese de diversas doenças humanas. A biossíntese desses compostos pode ser estimulada por agentes farmacológicos como ionóforos e inibidores da Ca2+-ATPase, e também por agonistas naturais como o formil-metionil-leucil-fenialanina (fMLP). Considerando os interesses em avaliar e comparar o perfil de mediadores lipídicos, como os leucotrienos (LTs), as prostaglandinas (PGs), os ácidos epoxieicosatrienoicos (EETs), os ácidos dihidroxitetraenoicos (DiHETEs) e os ácidos hidroxieicosatetraenoicos (HETEs), na saúde e na doença, o objetivo deste trabalho foi padronizar um método analítico para determinar do perfil de eicosanoides em plasma humano após estimulação do sangue total, e assim observar diferenças entre indivíduos saudáveis e doentes. Dessa forma, um método por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência acoplada à espectrometria de massas sequencial (HPLC-MS/MS) foi validado para quantificação de 22 eicosanoides em plasma de indivíduos saudáveis. A análise por HPLCMS/ MS foi realizada em modo negativo pelo modo de varredura por monitoramento de reações múltiplas (MRM). A linearidade do método apresentou coeficiente de correlação (r) maior que 0,98 para todos os eicosanoides analisados. A precisão e exatidão intra e inter-ensaios tiveram desvio padrão e erro relativo menores que 15%, exceto para o limite inferior de quantificação cujos valores foram menores que 20%. Para estimulação das células do sangue total, quatro estímulos (fMLP, ionomicina, A23187 e tapsigargina) foram utilizados. A análise estatística mostrou que o A23187 e a tapsigargina foram os estímulos mais potentes na indução da produção de eicosanoides. Em seguida, comparamos o perfil de eicosanoides em amostras de plasma de indivíduos saudáveis com pacientes com anemia falciforme (AF), em tratamento com hidroxiureia (HU) ou transfusão sanguínea crônica. Os resultados demonstraram que o método é preciso para determinação de diferenças entre os pacientes e indivíduos saudáveis quanto à produção dos mediadores lipídicos 5-HETE, 12-HETE, LTB4, LTE4, TXB2 e PGE2. Portanto, nosso método analítico é sensível, específico e reprodutível para identificar e quantificar diferenças no perfil de eicosanoides em amostras de sangue estimuladas in vitro, e poderá contribuir para o estabelecimento do perfil de mediadores lipídicos em diferentes doenças inflamatórias e infecciosas. / Eicosanoids, products from arachidonic acid metabolism, play an important role in the homeostasis and in the pathogenesis of various human diseases. Pharmacological agents such as Ca2+ ionophores and Ca2+-ATPase inhibitors, as well as natural agonists such as fMet-leu-Phe (fMLP) can stimulate eicosanoid biosynthesis. Considering the interests in evaluate and compare the profile of lipid mediators, as leukotriens (LTs), prostaglandins (PGs), epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), dihydroxytetraenoic acids (DiHETEs) and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs), in healthy and disease, the aim of this work was to standardize a method to determine the eicosanoid profile of human plasma samples after whole blood stimulation, and to assess differences between healthy and sick individuals. For this purpose, a liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was validated for the quantification of 22 eicosanoids using human plasma from healthy volunteers. In addition, we optimized a method for the stimulation of eicosanoids in human whole blood. LC-MS/MS analyses were performed by negative electrospray ionization and multiple reaction monitoring. An assumption of linearity resulted in a regression coefficient > 0.98 for all eicosanoids tested. The mean intra-assay and inter-assay accuracy and precision values had relative standard deviations and relative errors of < 15%, except for the lower limit of quantification, where these values were < 20%. For whole blood stimulation, four stimuli (fMLP, ionomycin, A23187, and thapsigargin) were used. Results of the statistical analysis showed that A23187 and thapsigargin were potent stimuli to induce the production of eicosanoids. We next compared the eicosanoid profiles of healthy volunteers to those of patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA) under treatment with hydroxyurea (HU) or after chronic red blood cell (RBC) transfusion. The results indicate that the method was sufficient to find a difference between lipid mediators released in whole blood of SCA patients compared to healthy subjects for 5-HETE, 12-HETE, LTB4, LTE4, TXB2, and PGE2. In conclusion, our analytical method is sensitive, specific and reproducible for indentify and quantify changes in eicosanoid profiles in whole blood stimulated in vitro, which can contribute to establishing the eicosanoid profiles associated with different inflammatory and infectious diseases.

Os eicosanoides, produtos do metabolismo do ácido araquidônico, apresentam papel importante na homeostasia e na patogênese de diversas doenças humanas. A biossíntese desses compostos pode ser estimulada por agentes farmacológicos como ionóforos e inibidores da Ca2+-ATPase, e também por agonistas naturais como o formil-metionil-leucil-fenialanina (fMLP). Considerando os interesses em avaliar e comparar o perfil de mediadores lipídicos, como os leucotrienos (LTs), as prostaglandinas (PGs), os ácidos epoxieicosatrienoicos (EETs), os ácidos dihidroxitetraenoicos (DiHETEs) e os ácidos hidroxieicosatetraenoicos (HETEs), na saúde e na doença, o objetivo deste trabalho foi padronizar um método analítico para determinar do perfil de eicosanoides em plasma humano após estimulação do sangue total, e assim observar diferenças entre indivíduos saudáveis e doentes. Dessa forma, um método por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência acoplada à espectrometria de massas sequencial (HPLC-MS/MS) foi validado para quantificação de 22 eicosanoides em plasma de indivíduos saudáveis. A análise por HPLCMS/ MS foi realizada em modo negativo pelo modo de varredura por monitoramento de reações múltiplas (MRM). A linearidade do método apresentou coeficiente de correlação (r) maior que 0,98 para todos os eicosanoides analisados. A precisão e exatidão intra e inter-ensaios tiveram desvio padrão e erro relativo menores que 15%, exceto para o limite inferior de quantificação cujos valores foram menores que 20%. Para estimulação das células do sangue total, quatro estímulos (fMLP, ionomicina, A23187 e tapsigargina) foram utilizados. A análise estatística mostrou que o A23187 e a tapsigargina foram os estímulos mais potentes na indução da produção de eicosanoides. Em seguida, comparamos o perfil de eicosanoides em amostras de plasma de indivíduos saudáveis com pacientes com anemia falciforme (AF), em tratamento com hidroxiureia (HU) ou transfusão sanguínea crônica. Os resultados demonstraram que o método é preciso para determinação de diferenças entre os pacientes e indivíduos saudáveis quanto à produção dos mediadores lipídicos 5-HETE, 12-HETE, LTB4, LTE4, TXB2 e PGE2. Portanto, nosso método analítico é sensível, específico e reprodutível para identificar e quantificar diferenças no perfil de eicosanoides em amostras de sangue estimuladas in vitro, e poderá contribuir para o estabelecimento do perfil de mediadores lipídicos em diferentes doenças inflamatórias e infecciosas. / Eicosanoids, products from arachidonic acid metabolism, play an important role in the homeostasis and in the pathogenesis of various human diseases. Pharmacological agents such as Ca2+ ionophores and Ca2+-ATPase inhibitors, as well as natural agonists such as fMet-leu-Phe (fMLP) can stimulate eicosanoid biosynthesis. Considering the interests in evaluate and compare the profile of lipid mediators, as leukotriens (LTs), prostaglandins (PGs), epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), dihydroxytetraenoic acids (DiHETEs) and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs), in healthy and disease, the aim of this work was to standardize a method to determine the eicosanoid profile of human plasma samples after whole blood stimulation, and to assess differences between healthy and sick individuals. For this purpose, a liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was validated for the quantification of 22 eicosanoids using human plasma from healthy volunteers. In addition, we optimized a method for the stimulation of eicosanoids in human whole blood. LC-MS/MS analyses were performed by negative electrospray ionization and multiple reaction monitoring. An assumption of linearity resulted in a regression coefficient > 0.98 for all eicosanoids tested. The mean intra-assay and inter-assay accuracy and precision values had relative standard deviations and relative errors of < 15%, except for the lower limit of quantification, where these values were < 20%. For whole blood stimulation, four stimuli (fMLP, ionomycin, A23187, and thapsigargin) were used. Results of the statistical analysis showed that A23187 and thapsigargin were potent stimuli to induce the production of eicosanoids. We next compared the eicosanoid profiles of healthy volunteers to those of patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA) under treatment with hydroxyurea (HU) or after chronic red blood cell (RBC) transfusion. The results indicate that the method was sufficient to find a difference between lipid mediators released in whole blood of SCA patients compared to healthy subjects for 5-HETE, 12-HETE, LTB4, LTE4, TXB2, and PGE2. In conclusion, our analytical method is sensitive, specific and reproducible for indentify and quantify changes in eicosanoid profiles in whole blood stimulated in vitro, which can contribute to establishing the eicosanoid profiles associated with different inflammatory and infectious diseases.