Currently , the STN-LCD with twist angle of 240 degree is the most popular operation mode . In this thesis , we utilize Photo-Sensitive spacer of TFT-LCD to substitute for the traditional spacer , and apply them in the above mentioned STN-LCD . The traditional spacer were used N2 air to spray on glass substrate by SUS tube . It make light leakage , decrease the transmittance , contrast ratio and aggregate spacer easily . When we pressure on glass and the phenomenon of migration has been found accordingly . It will influence quality of LCD . So we utilize Photo-Sensitive spacer to substitute for the traditional spacer in order to improve the defect . In this thesis , we fabricate different kind Photo-Sensitive spacer of size , shape and area ratio (Photo-Resist (NPS) from Everlight Chemical Industrial Corp) . We utilize Photo Lithography process to form the spacer thickness on insulation layer , and find the best type . In this experiment , the different characteristic of material between traditional spacer and Photo-Spacer were compared . And we utilize different process condition (pressure) and material(LC £Gnd) to discuss the relation . Finally , we proof the advantage of Photo-Spacer apply in STN-LCD .

In this study, a novel polyimide (PI) film, consisting of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) dispersed in an Ionic Liquid (IL), were demonstrated to be high shielding effectiveness (SE). The film was potentially useful for screening electromagnetic interference(EMI) in an optical transceiver module. The experimental results showed MWCNT-PI composite dispersed well in IL exhibits a high far-field SE of 38 ~ 45 dB within the frequency range of 1 ~ 3 GHz. It was also demonstrated the MWCNT-PI composite prepared with IL dispersed process have higher SE and lower weight percentage of MWCNTs than those with non-IL-dispersed process. Their intermolecular forces were carefully examined in order to understand dispersion mechanisms among MWCNTs. The aggregation phenomenon of MWCNTs was known, resulting from van der Waals forces. In our study, IL was employed to disperse MWCNTs. A proposal reason was that the attractive force between cation of the IL and £k electrons of MWCNTs is greater than the van der Waals forces among MWCNTs. From conductivity measurement, percolation threshold of the IL-dispersed MWCNT-PI composite was 5.2 wt%; percolation threshold of the non-IL-dispersed MWCNT-PI composite was 11.5 wt%. Given the lower percolation threshold ,we demonstrated the successful dispersion of MWCNT by adding IL. From the results of Raman spectrometer analyses, the IL dispersion was proved to be a physical interaction. Furthermore, the IL-dispersed MWCNT-PI composite was used as package material in monopole antenna and got a near-field SE of 37dB within the frequency of 2.8 GHz. It implied that the IL-dispersed MWCNT-PI composite has an excellent EMI performance.The IL-dispersed MWCNT-PI composite is suitable for packaging low-cost and high-performance optical transceiver modules in the application of the fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) lightwave transmission systems.

Discotic liquid crystal is one kind of self-assembled material, liquid crystal with regular alignment could be applied to many kinds of organic electro-optical devices. This novel discotic liquid crystal polymer DLC-PAM, we used polyacrylamide(PAM) as main chain of the novel discotic liquid crystal polymer DLC-PAM and grafted the discotic liquid crystal monomer Acid-6 onto PAM by chemical synthesis. There were two parts in this study, first we investigated the electro-optical properties of DLC-PAM. Observation the aligned property of DLC-PAM during temperature variation utilizing polarizing optical microscope, DLC-PAM exhibited the columnar alignment. We observed hexagonal columns which DLC-PAM aligned by X-ray diffraction, it benefited the carrier transporting. The absorption spectrum of DLC-PAM presented an absorption peak at 409 nm certifying that DLC-PAM could absorb the visible light. We measured the HOMO potential of DLC-PAM which is 5.47eV by PESA. Form absorption spectrum we calculated the band-gap of DLC-PAM which was 2.55~2.82eV, and then we used the HOMO potential and the band-gap to calculate the LUMO potential of DLC-PAM to be 2.65~2.92eV. The second part in this study we applied DLC-PAM to the organic solar cell. Because of the energy level of DLC-PAM and the different device structure tests we realized that DLC-PAM was suitable to be hole transporting layer. The device structure we used was ITO/PEDOT:PSS/DLC-PAM/P3HT:PCBM/Al, DLC-PAM layer was added between the PEDOT:PSS layer and the active layer. The power conversion efficiencies proved that DLC-PAM layer which benefited hole transporting raising the power conversion efficiency of the solar cell. The power efficiency of the device added DLC-PAM layer raised 16.2% comparing with the standard device.

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This study investigates the cholesteric grating based on a hybrid alignment. The experiment results reveal that the ordered stripe of the hybridly aligned cholesteric grating (H-fingerprint) only exists for the d/p ratio between 1.5 and 3, and the stripe orientation of the H-fingerprint is difficult to control due to the variation of the d/p ratio. Optical properties of the H-fingerprint are also investigated. The results show that the 1st order diffraction efficiency of the H-fingerprint is higher than the diffraction efficiency 2nd order, and its two switching times are about 1500ms and 500ms for the off-time and the on-time, respectively. The H-fingerprint with an anti-parallel rubbing process and the thermal effect are also investigated. The results reveal that the anti-parallel rubbing and the thermal effect can effectively control the stripe orientation of the H-fingerprint. The results greatly increase the possibility of applications for the H-fingerprint.

Die Effektivität der Reaktivextraktion als Verfahren zur Stoffabtrennung aus wässrigen Lösungen mit organischen Lösungsmitteln lässt sich durch den Zusatz weiterer Stoffe deutlich steigern. Das können Co-Ionen, Lösungsvermittler und Stoffe sein, die die Phasengrenzfläche beeinflussen. Wichtigste Vertreter der letzteren Gruppe sind Tenside, die die Grenzflächenspannung zwischen den Phasen verringern. Sie werden in der industriellen Technik bereits seit Jahrzehnten mit gleich bleibendem Erfolg angewandt. Dabei sind die Vorgänge an der Phasengrenze, die durch die Tenside beeinflusst werden, noch nicht vollständig geklärt. In diesem Umfeld ist auch die vorliegende Arbeit entstanden. Sie soll bereits am Lehrstuhl vorliegende Arbeiten ergänzen. Gegenstand der Untersuchungen ist der Einfluss von Tensiden auf die Extraktion von Schwermetallionen im elektrischen Feld, hier untersucht an dem kationischen Tensid Hexadecyltrimethylammoniumbromid (CTAB). Als Untersuchungsmethode wird die Polarographie verwendet. Der Ladungsdurchtritt durch die Grenzfläche Wasser/Quecksilber und deren Beeinflussung durch das Tensid werden für die Metallionen von Zink, Cadmium, Blei und Chrom bei unterschiedlichen pH-Werten untersucht. Es zeigt sich, dass die Modifizierung der Grenzfläche nur einen Teil der Beeinflussung ausmacht, weitere entstehen durch die chemische Modifizierung der vorhandenen Spezies. Weiterhin kann abgeleitet werden, dass trotz chemischer Verwandtschaft der eingesetzten Systeme eine klare Vorhersage der Beeinflussung nur begrenzt möglich ist. Der grundlegende Trend von Systemen mit chemisch ähnlicher Zusammensetzung ist zwar der gleiche, jedes System reagiert jedoch individuell in Abhängigkeit der genauen stofflichen Zusammensetzung und der Versuchsbedingungen, so dass stets konkrete Voruntersuchungen notwendig erscheinen.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Lehigh University, 2000. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 189-194).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2000. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references. Available also in a digital version from Dissertation Abstracts.

Thesis (M.S.)--California Polytechnic State University, 2009. / Title from PDF title page; viewed on January 12, 2010. Major professor: Tryg Lundquist, Ph.D. "Presented to the faculty of California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo." "In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree [of] Master of Science in Civil and Environmental Engineering." "October, 2009." Includes bibliographical references (p. 92-100).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. Directed by Ben T. Zinn. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 136-141).