Currently , the STN-LCD with twist angle of 240 degree is the most popular operation mode . In this thesis , we utilize Photo-Sensitive spacer of TFT-LCD to substitute for the traditional spacer , and apply them in the above mentioned STN-LCD . The traditional spacer were used N2 air to spray on glass substrate by SUS tube . It make light leakage , decrease the transmittance , contrast ratio and aggregate spacer easily . When we pressure on glass and the phenomenon of migration has been found accordingly . It will influence quality of LCD . So we utilize Photo-Sensitive spacer to substitute for the traditional spacer in order to improve the defect . In this thesis , we fabricate different kind Photo-Sensitive spacer of size , shape and area ratio (Photo-Resist (NPS) from Everlight Chemical Industrial Corp) . We utilize Photo Lithography process to form the spacer thickness on insulation layer , and find the best type . In this experiment , the different characteristic of material between traditional spacer and Photo-Spacer were compared . And we utilize different process condition (pressure) and material(LC £Gnd) to discuss the relation . Finally , we proof the advantage of Photo-Spacer apply in STN-LCD .

This study investigated the electro-optic characteristics of VAN ¡]vertical-alignment nematic¡^liquid crystal device in passive mode, and tried to present the advantage of high contrast ratio which belongs to VA mode. The experiment consisted of three parts: 1. Change different cell thickness¡]d = 12£gm¡B6£gm¡B4.9£gm¡^. 2. Chang LC with the different value of dielectric¡]£G£`= -3.7¡B-6.1¡^. 3. Chang LC with different refraction anisotropy¡]£Gn = 0.15¡B0.078¡^. We drive those samples with different number of duty in passive mode, and to measure the electro-optic characteristics, including VT curve, response time, and contrast ratio. We knew that STN¡]Super Twist Nematic LCD¡^has the drawbacks of lower contrast ratio, higher operational voltage and slower response time within higher duty in passive mode. And the same problem comes with VAN in passive-drive mode, although it is said VAN has the high performance of contrast ratio. The contrast ratio is worse then STN when driving in higher duty. As a result of VAN is kind of ECB mode, its transparency has a big matter with light retardation. We find that in the same condition of driving duty, the value of cell gap or the £Gn become larger, the value of the sharpness and the contrast ratio become larger.

No description available.

Bakgrund: Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) i nucleus subthalamicus (STN) och i kaudala zona incerta (cZi) har visat positiva effekter på motoriska symtom (rörelseförmåga och balans) vid Parkinsons sjukdom. Efter DBS har dock negativa taleffekter noterats, inklusive nedsatt artikulatorisk precision och stabilitet. Nedsatt artikulatorisk precisionoch stabilitet påverkar klusilproduktionen mest vilket kan resultera i att klusilexplosionen uteblir eller att multipla explosioner uppstår. Mål: Att undersöka artikulatorisk precision och stabilitet vid klusilexplosionen efter DBS i STN respektive cZi. Metod: I studien deltog 19 patienter varav 9 deltagare stimulerats i STN och 10 deltagare i cZi. Talinspelningar gjordes innan operation och ett år efter operation med DBSstimulering på och av. Klusilerna i talmaterialet delades in i tre kategorier, de med en klusilexplosion, de med två eller flera klusilexplosioner samt de utan klusilexplosion. Hypotesprövning gjordes gällande fördelningen av klusiler med multipla explosioner samt klusiler utan explosion mellan och inom patientgrupperna samt inom respektive klusil. Resultat: Multipla explosioner ökade hos cZi-patienterna och minskade hos STNpatienterna. Klusiler som saknade explosion ökade hos STN-patienterna medan de minskade hos cZi-patienterna. För båda patientgrupperna ökade multipla explosioner och klusiler utan explosion då stimuleringen var på jämfört med av. Skillnaderna mellan och inom grupperna var inte signifikanta. Slutsats: Artikulatorisk precision och stabilitet påverkades efter DBS i form av bristande stabilitet, för kort slutningsrörelse och felaktig koordination av slutningsrörelsen. Detta resulterade i multipla explosioner och uteblivna explosioner med olika effekter för elektrodlokalisationerna. / Background: Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) in Subthalamicus Nucleus (STN) and Caudala zona incerta (cZi) have shown positive effects on motor symptoms in Parkinson‘s disease. Negative effects on speech after DBS has been noted including reduced articulatory precision. Reduced articulatory precision and stability affects the production of stop consonants and as a result, loss of burst or multiple burst can occur. Aim: To investigate articulatory precision and stability regarding the burst in stop consonants after DBS of STN or cZi. Method: The study included 19 patients with 9 patients stimulated in STN and 10 patientsin cZi. Speech recordings were made before surgery and one year after with stimulation ON and OFF. The stop consonants were divided into three categories, those with one burst, those with two or more bursts (multiple burst) and those with loss of burst. Hypothesis testing was done on the categorization of the stop consonants in and between the groups and between the stop consonants types. Results: Multiple burst increased in the cZi group and decreased in the STN group. Stop consonants with loss of burst increased in the STN group but decreased in the cZi group. For both groups multiple burst and stop consonants with loss of burst increased with stimulation on. The differences between and within the groups were not significant. Conclusion: Articulatory precision and stability were affected by DBS with decreased stability, shortened occlusion and incorrect coordination. As a result multiple burst and loss of burst occurred in both groups. / Speech, voice and swallowing outcomes after deep brain stimulation of the zona incerta and the pedunculopontine nucleus in Parkinson’s disease: Comparsion with stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus

(anglicky) Database vendors are traditional significant subjects of informaton industry. Today they operate on the information market for almost 50 years, during that time their services have changed. This master thesis aims to examine and basically analyze the actual offer of their services, compare chosen features of them and to carry out evaluation of the services. The text presents database vendors and so called aggreggators and their traditional services. Also the price policy of the database vendors is mentioned. Case study of the offer of services of four database vendors is performed. The results demostrated, that traditional services of database vendors are still significant part of their product offer. But the form has changed. And some subject also offer services not typical for traditional database vendors.

<p>This master thesis is a result of the work carried out for Research Electronics at Siljansnäs. The company develops customized electronical systems. Because of the rapidly increasing interest in colour displays there has been a desire within the company to represent information from sensors and electrical systems in a more advanced way.</p><p>Due to the mentioned reason above we were given the assignment to solve how a colour display using the STN technique works. The technique is used by small displays, the size of QVGA. Our ambition of this diploma work is to develop a fully functionally test prototype to evaluate the LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) and the LCD controller. The most important results from this study is the documentation of how a LCD controller works and how the pixels are addressed. We succeded in showing all the pixels we were able to address at the right place on the LCD wich indicates that there is a compatibility between the LCD and the LCD controller . A replacement of the LCD is recommended because of the difficulties working with it. Precisely wich LCD it should be replaced with is not mentioned in this report because of the extent of the work. One of the aims was to evaluate the function of the LCD, not to find an alternative LCD.When studiyng the LPC2129 and MC68K it emerged that both suits well as controlling units for this application, but an implemention with LPC2129 involves greater diffculties because of the absence of external system bus. Our aim is that this work will function as a starting point to further development leading to a controlling unit in working order, and that it will be implemented in other products the company develops.</p> / <p>Föreliggande rapport behandlar vårt magisterarbete på 20 poäng. Arbetet är gjort åt Research</p><p>Electronics i Siljansnäs som utvecklar skräddarsydda elektroniksystem. På grund av den ökade efterfrågan av färgdisplayer från marknaden har det länge funnits ett behov av att presentera information från givare och mätinstrument på ett mer avancerat sätt.</p><p>Av ovan nämnda skäl fick vi i uppdrag att undersöka hur en färgdisplay av typen STN (Super Twist Nematic) fungerar. Det är oftast små displayer som använder den här tekniken. Målet från början var att utveckla en fungerande testprototyp för att testa grafikcontrollern och displayen. De viktigaste resultat som framkommit efter arbetet är en dokumentation på hur en grafikcontroller fungerar och hur adressering av pixlar sker. Vi har visat att det är möjligt att använda den givna grafikcontrollern tillsammans med den display som köpts in då alla pixlar som gick att adressera visats på önskad plats på skärmen. Det finns också en rekommendation av byte till en annan display som är enklare att arbeta med. Exakt vilken anges inte i rapporten eftersom det inte har ingått i arbetet att ta hitta en alternativ display utan att undersöka den befintliga. Studien av mikrocontrollern LPC2129 från Philips och processorn MC68K från Freescale visar att båda är bra för applikationen. LPC2129 blir svårare att arbeta med till följd av att det saknas extern systembuss. Våra förhoppningar är att examensarbetet ska bli en god grund för fortsatt arbete som leder till en färdig produkt, och att den används i övriga tillämpningar i företaget.</p>

The change in global environment had bought about changes in economic structure, small to medium size LCD-display industry is now facing unprecedented challenges. In order to survive from global competition, it is a must for corporate to establish unique competitive advantages and technology innovation, is an integral part. Because quality and resolution of TFT-LCD is superior to STN-LCD, even price had gradually become more competitive, many electronic products have started designing in TFT-LCD displays. As a result, market share of STN-LCD is declining year by year. In recent years, some manufacturers are using technology innovation as the means to improve their own competitiveness. Utilization of the matured technology of STN to further development of other applications and emerging markets is the key task for many display manufacturers. Manufacturers from around the globe are aggressively seeking new development opportunities, hoping to achieve and obtain a more important position in the market. Since the introduction of iPhone, not only capacitive touch panel and multi-touch technology have become the focus for all manufacturers, but also flat touch screen design has also become the theme pursued by all assembly plants. The most attractive feature of iPhone is its beautiful trendy look, its simplicity and smart friendly user interface. The projected capacitive touch panel used on iPhone, not only includes advantages of traditional capacitive touch sensors, but also offer the function of multi-touch, which is an important and representative machine interface development trend. This study uses mainly case study method and we have selected E company, which is one of the top three of the STN-LCD industry, to carry out the research. By summarizing existing literature, analyzing touch panel industry & strategies, and in-depth interview with key personnel from the display and related industry, I hope to conclude E company¡¦s business model in both theoretical and practical dimensions; then use it as the reference for future business development for other small to medium size LCD-display manufacturers. The result shows that, E company¡¦s business model is to continuously strengthen level of integration and expand display applications. With the introduction of capacitive touch panel, E company integrates its own STN-LCD & outsourced TFT-LCD with self designed capacitive touch panel in order to achieve better competitiveness and expand display business into more applications.

A design of a Smart Home system which is expected to help people with physical and speech impairments to control their living environment is given there. It was done during Eureka project E!2707 (PACS). Hardware and software analysis, algorithms and methods, usability test of developed system user interface are given there. A review of similar systems designed for disabled was done. Analysis of user requirements, detailed analysis and implementation ways of user interface are given there. The most popular building automation standards were analyzed and the most suitable one – Konnex association standard KNX was selected. Three different system block diagrams, software algorithm and its implementation methods were given and analyzed. A model of the user interface was created. An investigation was made. The goal of it is to evaluate the main user interface parameter – activation time which makes a better usability of the whole system.

Abstract Background Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a viable surgical treatment method for Parkinson’s disease (PD). It has positive effects on the classical motor symptoms, but effects on speech and voice are not equally beneficial. The speech disorder related to PD is hypokinetic dysarthria, with impaired articulatory precision as a prominent symptom. Studies have shown effects on different aspects of speech due to DBS of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) but the effects of stimulation of the caudal zona incerta (cZi) are less explored. Aims The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of STN-DBS and cZi-DBS on perceptually measured articulatory precision in PD patients. Method Read speech productions were collected from 19 DBS-treated PD patients, ten STN and nine cZi. The recordings were made before surgery and 12 months postoperatively with stimulator on and off. Levodopa medication was always on. From the reading passage, three-syllable words were selected and isolated. Articulatory precision of the words was rated in two different assessments; an overall rating of articulatory precision and an identification of occurring misarticulations. Results The results from the perceptual assessment showed a decrease in articulatory precision after surgery for both groups. The decrease was significant for the cZi group, but not for the STN group. There was no significant difference between the groups. The frequency of observed misarticulations increased as an effect of DBS for both patient groups, with significant increase for the STN group but not for the cZi group. There was no significant difference between the groups. The most commonly observed misarticulation categories were stop-plosive reduced in quality, fricative realized as other fricative and stop-plosive realized as fricative . Conclusions The results obtained in the current study show that STN-DBS and cZi-DBS may have adverse effects on articulatory precision in PD patients. Keywords Articulatory precision, Parkinson’s disease, DBS, STN, cZi

Ziel: Diese retrospektive Analyse sollte die Besserung nach tiefer Hirnstimulation in Abhängigkeit der verwendeten Medikamente zur Sedierung während der Elektrodenplatzierung vergleichen. Einführung: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) stellt eine effektive Therapieoption für Patienten mit fortgeschrittenem Morbus Parkinson dar. Sowohl die intraoperative Aktivität der subcortikalen Neurone als auch die intraoperative klinische Testung ist wichtig, um die exakte Elektrodenplatzierung zu kontrollieren. Beides könnte durch die Gabe von Sedativa, die intraoperativ zur Gewährleistung des Patientenkomforts und zur Optimierung der Operationsbedingungen verabreicht werden, beeinflußt werden. Material und Methoden: Wir analysierten retrospektiv die Daten von 47 Patienten, die Elektroden zur DBS implantiert bekamen. 7 Patienten erhielten während des Eingriffes keinerlei sedierende Medikation, 40 Patienten wurden Sedativa und/oder Analgetika verabreicht.( Propofol allein: n=13, Propofol und Remifentanyl: n=9, Propofol und Alfentanil: n=1, Remifentanil allein: n=13, Alfentanil und Midazolam: n=4) Ergebnisse: Es ergaben sich keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen den 5 Patientengruppen bezüglich der Besserung der Parkinson Symptome, gemessen an Hand der Unified Parkinson`s Disease Rating Scale Part III (UPDRS III) oder der Reduktion der Parkinson Medikamentendosis, analysiert als Levodopa Äquivalent Units (LEU). Untersuchten wir die Daten der Patienten, die Propofol während der Platzierung erhielten, zeigte sich ein signifikant schlechteres Ergebnis sowohl determiniert in der UPDRS III als auch in der LEU, verglichen mit den Patienten, die kein Propofol erhielten. Bei Einteilung der Patienten in Gruppen, die ein Opioid während der Platzierung erhielten, und Patienten die kein Opioid erhielten fielen keine signifikanten Unterschiede auf. Ergebnisse: Diese Daten könnten ein erster Hinweis sein, Propofol vorsichtig bei der Platzierung der Elektroden zur tiefen Hirnstimulation einzusetzen. Ein möglicher negativer Effekt des Propofols auf den klinischen Effekt der tiefen Hirnstimulation des Nucleus subthalamicus sollte aber in prospektiven Studien analysiert werden.