In her introduction to a special issue of the South Central Review on literary biography published in 2006, Linda Leavell writes, "Many would trace the disdain for literary biography—in both senses of the word “literary”—back through Roland Barthes’s “death of the author” to the New Critics’ division of text from context all the way to T. S. Eliot’s theory of impersonality. Critical theory of the past century has generally deemed an author’s life, personality, and intentions irrelevant to the text" (1). Leavell’s explanation of how critical theory of the twentieth century came to shape the current scholarly attitude towards literary biography establishes the genre’s status in an era of literary theory that is commonly characterized by the diminishment of the author as the source of meaning in a text, an era in which we remain. This characterization, however, overlooks the different ways that the theorists of the era displaced the author as the dominant figure in literary studies. This paper demonstrates how these different ways, despite whatever damage they might have done to the status of literary biography, actually benefit the study of the genre. Additionally, this paper argues that they not only comprise one side of Vladimir Nabokov’s contradictory views on his own authorship, which makes him an ideal subject for the study of authority over biographical representation, but also gave rise to new methodologies of literary biography, which are the methodologies of Nabokov’s biographers themselves. As a result, this paper concludes, “an author’s life, personality, and intentions” in turn have assumed new relevancy in literary studies. / text

Submitted by Joao Francisco Pereira Nunes Junqueira (jfpnjunqueira@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-06-26T00:34:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Uma Biobibliografia Literária de Péricles Eugênio da Silva Ramos.pdf: 4641306 bytes, checksum: 8eba97790007c791eab31f7e5c24e339 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Priscila Carreira B Vicentini null (priscila@fclar.unesp.br) on 2018-06-26T18:35:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 junqueira_jfpn_dr_arafcl.pdf: 4618916 bytes, checksum: 14f8b24ae27e02d5e103c05adbb0e947 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-26T18:35:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 junqueira_jfpn_dr_arafcl.pdf: 4618916 bytes, checksum: 14f8b24ae27e02d5e103c05adbb0e947 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A presente tese busca fornecer uma biobibliografia crítica do poeta paulista Péricles Eugênio da Silva Ramos (1919-1992), de um ponto de vista globalizante até agora não realizada de forma plena pela crítica especializada. Este trabalho abarca sua própria obra poética (com cinco livros de poesia), bem como suas facetas de tradutor e crítico literário. Para sua realização, utilizaram-se os livros, textos avulsos e manuscritos constantes do “Acervo Péricles Eugênio da Silva Ramos”, que está hoje sob guarda da UNIFATEA, em Lorena-SP, terra natal do poeta, de modo a fornecer o máximo de informações à análise e interpretação de sua obra. Nesse âmbito bibliográfico, a pesquisa se serve de aparato metodológico da crítica genética de autores tais como Eneida Maria de Souza, Louis Hay e Philippe Willemart. No tratamento da poesia e das traduções de Péricles Eugênio da Silva Ramos, parte-se das reflexões teóricas do autor sobre a métrica tradicional, sobre o ritmo na poesia moderna e sobre questões tradutórias, trazendo também para a análise contribuições de metricistas consagrados como Chociay e Said Ali, bem como ideias de tradução de autores como Paulo Rónai, Sebastião Uchoa Leite e Haroldo de Campos. A abordagem crítica da obra pretendeu demonstrar de que modo se delineiam forma e conteúdo tanto nas diferentes fases de sua produção autoral quanto nas traduções do poeta, bem como procura investigar os reflexos de sua erudição literária em sua obra, além de suas relações com a “Geração de 45” e com outros poetas brasileiros, seus contemporâneos. / This thesis aims to provide a critical biobibliography of the “paulista” poet Péricles Eugênio da Silva Ramos (1919-1992), from a globalizing point of view hitherto not fully realized by specialized critics. This work includes his own poetic work (with five books of poetry), as well as his facets of translator and literary critic. The books, unpublished texts and manuscripts contained in the "Pericles Eugênio da Silva Ramos Collection", which is now under the custody of UNIFATEA, in Lorena-SP, the poet's home, are used for its accomplishment. the analysis and interpretation of his work. In this bibliographic context, the research serves as a methodological apparatus of the genetic critique of authors such as Eneida Maria de Souza, Louis Hay and Philippe Willemart. In the treatment of poetry and the translations of Péricles Eugênio da Silva Ramos, one begins with the theoretical reflections of the author on the traditional metric, on the rhythm in modern poetry and on questions of translation, also bringing to the analysis contributions of consecrated metricists such as Chociay and Said Ali, as well as translation ideas from authors like Paulo Rónai, Sebastião Uchoa Leite and Haroldo de Campos. The critical approach of the work sought to demonstrate how the form and content are delineated both in the different phases of his authorial production and in the translations of the poet, as well as seeks to investigate the reflexes of his literary erudition in his work, as well as his relations with the " Generation of 45 "and with other Brazilian poets, his contemporaries.

My thesis explores the posthumous literary life in the early modern period by examining responses to ‘dead poets’ shortly after their deaths. Analysing responses to a series of literary figures, I chart a pre-history of literary biography. Overall, I argue for the gradual emergence of a linkage between an individual’s literary output and the personal life that predates the eighteenth century. Chapter 1 frames the critical investigation by contrasting examples of Lives written for authors living before and after my chosen period of specialisation. Both these Lives reflect changed attitudes towards the writing of poets’ lives as a result of wider discourses that the following chapters examine in more detail. Chapter 2 focuses on the events following the death of Robert Greene, an author often described as the first ‘professional’ English writer. The chapter suggests that Greene’s notoriety is for the most part a posthumous construct resulting from printed responses to his death. Chapter 3 is concerned with the problem of reconciling a poet’s life-narrative with the vita activa model and examines potential causes for the ‘gap’ between Sir Philip Sidney’s public life and his works, which continues to pose a challenge for biographers. Chapter 4 examines the evolution of Izaak Walton’s Life of Donne. The ‘life history’ of Walton’s Lives, particularly the Life of Donne, reflects an accidental discovery of a biographical technique that anticipates literary biography. My method is mainly based on bibliographical research, comparing editions and making distinctions between them which have not been made before, while paying particular attention to paratextual materials, such as dedications, prefaces and title pages. By investigating assumptions about individual authors, and also authorship in general, I hope to shed some light on a promising new area of early modern scholarship and direct greater scrutiny towards the assumptions brought into literary biography.

A feminist examination of the life of the Afrikaans poet Ingrid Jonker is preceded by a look at the conventional literary biography with its unique dual nature: scientific enquiry combined with the art of storytelling, which is aptly called “fiction under oath” (Gutiérrez 1992: 49). Subsequently, an overview of the theoretical basis of feminist ideology and literary approaches is presented with the emphasis on the psychoanalytical point of departure, which views women’s marginalized position as social instead of biological in origin, and therefore as changeable. Biography owes its important place in contemporary women’s writing to the fact that it documents the history and experience of women in the patriarchal system. Feminist biographers, influenced by Postmodernism, force the genre from its traditionally linear form and narrow focus on a famous, usually male subject. The result is a more fluid, cyclical portrayal of (usually) influential women, shedding more light on the social, domestic and personal spheres. Because this kind of biography does not claim to be authoritative, the biographer’s personal contribution and her methods are made explicit. The intuitive and experimental nature of feminist biography makes it suitable for an intertextual and even interdisciplinary approach. Jonker’s life is analysed against the background of a folk tale, The Red Shoes, which is an allegory for the sacrifice of the instinctive creative self or archetypal “wildish woman”. Ancient myths, which narratives of almost every culture share, are seen as responsible for the tenacious survival of the patriarchy through time, social change, and across cultural boundaries. For this reason, feminists see the creation of new myths or infusing old myths with new meaning as the key to women’s emancipation. Against this background, the following subtexts also act as shaping elements in the Ingrid Jonker biography: · The concept of a person’s life “script” unfolding according to repetitive messages laid down in the unconscious by authority figures; · The “conspiracy” between a biographee and her biographers in forming her public image; and · Six archetypes in the Jungian idiom that characterise a person’s journey to spiritual maturity, Examined with these subtexts in mind, Ingrid Jonker’s life story unfolds as follows: A poet in conflict with her time and “abandoned” by her parents, is displaced in pre-adolescence from a unstructured rural milieu where her instinctive creativity was allowed to develop freely, to a highly structured, limiting and artificial urban environment. She seems prophetically destined for a tragic end. Her obsession with death is fed by an inability to have meaningful relationships and to adjust to society’s double standards. Ever the victim of imagined or real betrayal, she joins the ranks of other female artists who follow the same destructive archetypal pattern. She is spurred on not only by her own feral recklessness, but also by other artists who are inspired by her flirtation with death. Upcoming generations are mesmerised by her “moth around a flame” life and, like children, ask time and again for the disastrous though darkly romantic story with its mythical proportions, which turned Jonker into an icon. In doing so, they manage their own collectively unconscious fear of the annihilation of death. The Red Shoes links with Kristeva’s distinction between semiotic and symbolic language. The former is non-rational, intuitive and signifies the maternal whereas the latter represents language that is masculine, rational, linear and therefore patriarchal and logocentric. / Dissertation (MA (Afrikaans))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Afrikaans / unrestricted