While the benefits of analysing social networks within the wider humanities are becoming more accepted, very little work of this kind has been done in medieval studies. This thesis seeks to begin to fill this lacuna by considering the advantages of examining historical moments through the lens of ‘network’. Focusing on the later medieval world (in particular c.1300-1520), but also drawing on parallel evidence from the modern day, it demonstrates how the paradigm of ‘network’ allows a more nuanced reading of, predominantly literary, historical moments, which in turn reveals a deeper understanding of collective social thinking and behaviour. This new methodological approach is threefold, drawing on analytic tools from various disciplines. It blends historical contextual investigation with literary analysis, and frames the results in the sociological and anthropological theories of belonging, exchange, and play. The thesis is structured around four case studies, each of which demonstrates a particular form of network formation, and also shows how far these networks reflect their respective cultural milieus and influences. Three medieval chapters focus on what I term ‘literary networks’, a concept ripe for network analysis thanks to the highly participatory nature of medieval literature, and thus theoretically comparable to modern networks based around information exchange. Across the thesis, instances of formal, informal, and virtual networks are considered from medieval France and England, as well as the twenty-first century West. This combination of interdisciplinary method and structure allows innovative new readings of underappreciated sources, whilst also highlighting a transhistorical continuum of universal appeals to social networks: namely, the satisfaction of the human need to belong, the facilitation of competitive play, and the opportunity to acquire social capital and build reputations. This investigative synthesis between medieval material and more modern network evidence reveals that, while realised through unrecognisably altered technologies and experiencing some resultant disruptions, these fundamental appeals of social network membership, in part, remain constant between the two periods.

From introduction: Wenn ich mir neben anderen sozial-psychologischen Theorien· auch die Theorie Freuds zunutze mache, so geschieht das nicht nur um der Textgerechtheit und der Nachprüfbarkeit willen, sondern auch aufgrund der überlegung, daß der Nossacksche Held, als "bürgerlicher Held"⁵²) , in mehr oder minderem Maße krank- und wahnhafte Züge haben wird, denn seine Bürgerlichkeit ist schon beim ersten, auffassenden Lesen der Texte kaum rnehr zu bezweifeln. Sein verstockter Individualismus ist hingegen, um noch einmal Adorno anzuführen, auch wieder nicht rückhaltlos verwerflich, ist dieser doch, "sowohl Produkt desDrucks", wie "das Kraftzentrum, das ihm widersteht".⁵³)

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It is a common intuition that we can learn something of moral importance from literature, and one of the ways in which we teach our children about morality is through stories. In selecting books for children to read a primary concern is often the effect that the moral content of the story will have on the morality of the child reader. In this thesis I argue in order to take advantage of the contribution that literature can make to moral development, we need to teach children to read in a particular way. As a basis for this argument I use an account of moral agency that places emphasis on the development of moral skills - the ability to critically assess moral rules and systems, and the capacity to perceive and respond to the particulars of individual situations and to choose the right course of action in each - rather than on any particular kind of moral content. In order to make the most of the contribution that literature can make to the development of these skills, we need to teach children to immerse themselves in the story, rather than focusing on literary criticism. I argue that, contrary to the standard view of literary criticism as the only form of protection against possible negative effects, an immersed reading will help to prevent the child reader from taking any moral claims made in the story out of context, and so provide some measure of protection against possible negative moral effects of the story. Finally I argue that there are certain kinds of stories - recognisable by features that contribute to a high literary quality - that will enrich the experience of an immersed reading, and will therefore make a greater contribution to moral development than others.

"Storied Voices in Native American Texts: Harry Robinson, Thomas King, James Welch and Leslie Marmon Silko" approaches Native American literatures from within an interdisciplinary framework that complicates traditional notions o f literary "origins" and canon. It situates the discussion of Native literatures in a Native American context, suggesting that contemporary Native American writing has its roots in Native oral storytelling traditions. Each of these authors draws on specific stories and histories from his or her Native culture. They also draw on European elements and contexts because these are now part o f Native American experience. I suggest that Native oral tradition is already inherently novelistic, and the stories that lie behind contemporary Native American writing explicitly connect past and present as aspects o f current Native reality. Contemporary Native American writers are continuing an on-going and vital storytelling tradition through written forms. A comparison of the texts o f a traditional Native storyteller, Robinson, with the highly literate novels of King, Welch and Silko, shows how orally told stories connect with the process o f writing. Robinson's storytelling suggests how these stories "theorize" the world as he experiences it; the Native American novel continues to theorize Native experience in contemporary times. Native writers use culturally specific stories to express an on-going Native history. Their novels require readers to examine their assumptions about who is telling whose story, and the traditional distinctions made between fact and fiction, history and story. King's Green Grass. Running Water takes stories from Western European literary traditions and Judeao-Christian mythology and presents them as part of a Native creation story. Welch's novel Fools Crow re-writes a particular episode from history, the Marias River Massacre, from a Blackfeet perspective. Silko's Almanac of the Dead recreates the Mayan creation story o f the Popol Vuh in the context o f twentiethcentury American culture. Each of these authors maintains the dialogic fluidity of oral storytelling performance in written forms and suggests that stories not only reflect the world, but that they create it in the way that Robinson understands storytelling as a form of theory. / Arts, Faculty of / English, Department of / Graduate

Orientador: Vera Maria Chalmers / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T03:38:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bittencourt_JoaoFabio_M.pdf: 15457821 bytes, checksum: c7b38b07a76d08e3c534261427e81b26 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Entre os anos de 1909 e 1912 o jovem repórter Oswald de Andrade observou, anotou e perambulou pelas salas de cinemas e espetáculos teatrais apresentados na cidade de São Paulo, inicialmente como "foca" da seção Theatros e Salões do jornal Diario Popular, exercício de observação e de crítica fundamentais na criação da revista O Pirralho, semanário mundano e literário redigido e editado pelo escritor. Esses dois periódicos constituem, nesta dissertação, tanto uma documentação que traça e revela o panorama social, econômico e cultural da Belle Époque das cidades do Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo na primeira década do século vinte, como suscitaram elementos para novas interpretações das primeiras obras ficcionais de Oswald de Andrade. Nesse sentido os romances Os Condenados e Memórias Sentimentais de João Miramar são observados de acordo com a hipótese de Haroldo de Campos (2007) em que a maioria das figuras que compõem estas obras "são basicamente extraídas do ambiente em que circulava Oswald na São Paulo anterior e contemporânea a primeira grande guerra (in: ANDRADE, p. 25)". Ainda de acordo com a perspectiva da influência da Belle Époque, mas sob o ponto de vista da busca por um teatro nacional, estudamos em conjunto quatro peças oswaldianas: A Recusa (1913) e O Filho do Sonho (1917), inéditas e manuscritas; Mon Coeur Balance e Leur Âme (1916). Por fim, o teatro ligeiro, principalmente português, é a pedra de toque para o estudo de Serafim Ponte Grande / Abstract: Between 1909 and 1912 the young reporter Oswald de Andrade observed, took notes and wandered through the movie theaters and theatrical performances presented in São Paulo, initially as "foca" of the section Theatros e Salões of the newspaper Diario Popular, exercise of observation and critical that were fundamental in the creation of the magazine O Pirralho, mundane and literary weekly publication written and edited by the writer. These two journals are, in this thesis, both a documentation that reveals the social, economic and cultural panorama of the Belle Époque in the cities of Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo in the first decade of the twentieth century; and the rising of elements that allow new interpretations of the first fictional works of Oswald de Andrade. In this sense the novels Os Condenados and Memórias Sentimentais de João Miramar are observed according to the hypothesis of Haroldo de Campos (2007) in which most of the figures that make up these works "are basically extracted from the environment in which Oswald circulated in Sao Paulo earlier and contemporary of the first big war (in: ANDRADE, p. 25). "Also according to the perspective of the influence of the Belle Époque, but from the point of view of the search for a national theater, we studied together four pieces of the author: A Recusa (1913) and O Filho do Sonho (1917), both unpublished and manuscript; Mon Coeur Balance and Leur Âme (1916). Finally, the mild theater, mostly Portuguese, is the touchstone for the study of Serafim Ponte Grande / Mestrado / Teoria e Critica Literaria / Mestre em Teoria e História Literária

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PhD (IsiSwati) / MER Mathivha Centre for African Languages, Arts and Culture / Lolu lucwaningo lolujulile lwetinganekwane teSiswati letihleleke ngendlela lelandzelako: tinganeko, ematekelo, tinsumo naletinye. Sakhiwo nalokucuketfwe tinganekwane kubukwe ngekuchumana nebalingisi, umnyakato netetsameli. Tinhlobo tetinganekwane tikhonjiswe, tichazwe, ticondzaniswe, tahlelwa tabuye tahumusheka. Tinganekwane tinemibono, imicabango, tehlakalo, imigomo, tinhlelomcondvo netinkholelo letikhulisa sisekelolwati nekwateka kwemasiko. Tinganekwane tetfulwe ngelulwimi lwebuphrozi tabuye tatibandzakanya ekusebentiseni imigomo yetemibhalo yesimanje lefana nesakhiwo, sakhiwana sibekandzaba, balingisi netingcikitsi. Kuchazwa kwemoya, sikhatsi, imifanekisomcondvo, kuphukuta nesiphetfo kukhombisa tinchazelo nemilayeto. Tinhlelolwati yetemibhalo, yemisebenti neyeluhlolo tikhetselwe tindlela nekusetjentiswa kulolucwaningo. / NRF

Please read the abstract in the section 00front of this document / Dissertation (MA (Literary Theory))--University of Pretoria, 2002. / Afrikaans / unrestricted

M.E.R. Mathivha Centre for Languages, Arts and Culture / MAAS