Les estuaires font partie des endroits les plus peuplés du monde et sont vastement transformés pour répondre aux activités humaines. Les pressions anthropiques générées par l'aménagement du territoire, les stratégies de gestion déficientes, le manque de communication et les approches décisionnelles non intégrées contribuent à exacerber la vulnérabilité du cadre bâti, des éco- et géosystèmes ainsi que des communautés littorales. L'érosion des côtes sableuses présente un défi significatif pour les municipalités de l'estuaire fluvial du Saint-Laurent (EFSL), lesquelles possèdent un littoral densément aménagé et peuplé. Les plages avec une morphogénèse anthropique sont par ailleurs davantage problématiques, car elles sont généralement plus sensibles à la dynamique hydrosédimentaire locale qui est aussi perturbée par les activités humaines. C'est le cas de l'Anse-Tibbits, située sur le littoral de la Ville de Lévis, qui a été remblayée au 19ᵉ siècle pour recevoir des installations ferroviaires. En fait, depuis la seconde moitié du 20ᵉ siècle, des mécanismes d'érosion ont dégradé ces structures désormais abandonnées et ont exposé un talus peu cohésif à cet aléa. Cette conjoncture a ultimement mené vers le développement d'une plage sableuse atypique au reste du littoral de Lévis, mais grandement apprécié des locaux pour ses aspects récréotouristiques. Par manque d'information sur les processus à l'œuvre sur les plages de l'EFSL, un enrochement a rapidement été mis en place en novembre 2020 afin d'éviter la perte potentielle d'infrastructures à proximité. En effet, peu de connaissances scientifiques portent sur la dynamique morpho-sédimentaire et sur la gestion appropriée de telles plages dans la littérature. Les enjeux d'érosion dans l'EFSL sont bien connus des acteurs locaux, mais peu ont les outils pour comprendre la nature du problème, l'origine de ces enjeux et les interventions adéquates. En documentant de façon scientifique la transition historique d'un site ainsi que son régime de perturbations, il devient plus facile de prendre des décisions éclairées sur des aménagements riverains à court, moyen et long terme. Il est donc impératif de mettre en place un cadre théorique et juridique, afin d'encourager cette pratique et de limiter les décisions hâtives ou motivées par la peur. Cette étude tente de mieux comprendre la dynamique morpho-sédimentaire d'une plage anthropique en milieu estuarien froid, par l'entremise d'une approche multisource de suivi des berges, afin de simplifier les prises de décisions en termes d'aménagements. / Estuaries are among the most populated places in the world and are extensively transformed to accommodate human activities. Anthropogenic pressures from land use, poor management strategies and lack of communication contribute to the vulnerability of the built environment, eco- and geosystems, and coastal communities. Sandy shoreline erosion presents a significant challenge to the municipalities of the St. Lawrence Fluvial Estuary (EFSL), which have a densely developed and populated coastline. Beaches with anthropogenic morphogenesis are more problematic because they are generally more responsive to local hydrosedimentary dynamics that are also disturbed by human activities. This is the case of Anse-Tibbits, located on the shoreline of the City of Lévis, which was filled in during the 19th century to accommodate railway installations. In fact, since the second half of the 20th century, erosion mechanisms have degraded these now abandoned structures and have exposed a slope with little cohesion to this hazard. This situation ultimately led to the development of a sandy beach atypical of the rest of the Lévis coastline, but greatly appreciated by the locals. Due to a lack of information on the processes at work on the EFSL beaches, riprap was quickly installed in November 2020 to avoid the potential loss of nearby infrastructure. Indeed, there is little scientific knowledge on the morpho-sedimentary dynamics and appropriate management of such beaches in the literature. Erosion issues in the EFSL are well known to local stakeholders, but few have the tools to understand the nature of the problem, the origin of these issues, and the appropriate interventions. By scientifically documenting the historical transition of a site and its disturbance regime, it becomes easier to make informed decisions on short-, medium- and long-term coastline development. It is therefore imperative that a theoretical and legal framework to be put in place to encourage this practice and to limit hasty or fear-driven decisions. This study attempts to better understand the morpho-sedimentary dynamics of an anthropogenic beach in a cold estuarine environment, through a multisource approach to shoreline monitoring, in order to simplify decision-making in terms of development.

Thesis (M. S.)--Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. / F. Michael Saunders, Ph.D., Committee Member ; Kevin Haas, Ph.D., Committee Member ; Paul A. Work, Ph.D., Committee Chair. Includes bibliographical references.

Th.--Sci.--Bordeaux 1, 1979. N°: 623.

Growing world-wide commitments and potential naval threats in the future will challenge the U.S. maritime forces to become more integrated and interoperable. The Total Fleet Concept calls for a maritime force for the nation that essentially combines the assets and unique capabilities of each maritime agency available to the U.S. government and forms a scalable force that can be employed around the globe to accomplish missions in the national interest. The U.S. Navy is the preeminent maritime power in the world. However, it has concentrated almost exclusively on maintaining its capability at the Blue-water level of operations. In light of the emerging asymmetrical threat from non-peer competitor forces, the Navy has embarked on a stated program of building up its littoral and lowlevel regional capability in order to engage these adversaries in their own environment. This thesis studies the Navy's budget requests of the Future Years Defense Program. It also examines whether these budget requests and the long-range 30-year shipbuilding plan is leading to the transformational Fleet that is envisioned by the Total Fleet Concept, or is a continuation of the predominantly Blue-water operations focused Fleet and the assets that accompany that strategy. / US Navy (USN) author.

Efter murens fall ändrades den amerikanska maritima fokusering från att verka på öppet hav till att verka mer i de litorala områdena runt om i världen. Denna inriktning har föranlett införande av nya system vilket i sig föranlett en debatt främst inom den amerikanska flottan huruvida detta är relevant. Syftet med uppsatsen är att analysera hur fokusering på det litorala området uppstod och vilka konsekvenser detta medförde genom att studera hur fokuseringen formulerades i strategiska dokument och koncept.                 Resultatet visar på en strategisk strävan till hegemoni inom den amerikanska marinen. Detta har inte fullt lyckats då det spåras en antagonism kopplad till kampen om resurser och skillnader i identiteter. Uppsatsen visar på att inställningen till att verka i den litorala miljön skiljer sig åt mellan flottan och marinkåren där flottan uppfattar att verka litoralt är farligt och kommer att ge förluster medan marinkåren identifierar farorna men uppfattar miljön som sitt naturliga verkansområde.

Thèse de doctorat--Sciences naturelles--Faculté des sciences de Paris, 1910. N°: 1399. / Notes bibliogr.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of California, Santa Cruz, 1992. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 75-76).

Thesis (M.S.)--University of California, Santa Cruz, 1990. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references.

Thèse (Ph. D.) -- Université Laval, 1998. / Bibliogr.: f. [254]-278. Publié aussi en version électronique.

The second pandemic persisted for 500 years throughout Europe and some regions of Africa and Asia and far surpasses the first and third pandemics in terms of temporal and spatial breadth. It is still unclear what mechanisms facilitated the long-term maintenance and continued disease reintroductions experienced during the second pandemic. Many researchers believe it was the spread of plague infected Rattus spp. via trade routes, while others are beginning to support a model that reflects modern plague ecology such that plague was maintained in local rodent reservoirs in the Mediterranean region or Europe following its 14th century introduction. This study accumulated a list of rodent species known to host plague and analyzed host characteristics to determine what traits allow rodents to function as successful reservoir species. In addition, this study analyzed the ancient DNA within rodent remains in search of Yersinia pestis to add to the history of the pathogen. The results of this study demonstrate that there are 45 non-Rattus rodent species known to host plague within a modern context. Although ancient Y. pestis DNA was not identified from zooarchaeological remains within this study, it is clear that rodent reservoirs were key players in past plague pandemics. When viewed through the lens of a single model (i.e. trade routes or human-ectoparasites), several questions about past plague maintenance remain unanswered. This study shows that a more complex composite model is best fit to describe the 500-year reign of the second pandemic and the quiescent periods that extended between the cyclical disease reintroductions. This study presents the first comprehensive, interactive, and publicly available online database of rodent reservoirs to aid in future research and emphasizes the need to investigate a multi-mechanism model of plague maintenance and reintroduction in the past. With this research we facilitated a starting point for future studies, expanded the current knowledge on rodent reservoirs of plague, and contributed a valuable discussion to the field of plague studies on regions that have thus far gone underserved in plague studies, such as the Mediterranean littoral. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA)