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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Deletion of Nardilysin Prevents the Development of Steatohepatitis and Liver Fibrotic Changes / ナルディライジンの欠失は脂肪性肝炎および肝線維化を抑制する

Ishizu, Shoko 23 January 2015 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第18682号 / 医博第3954号 / 新制||医||1007(附属図書館) / 31615 / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 羽賀 博典, 教授 野田 亮, 教授 坂井 義治 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM
2

MOLECULAR DRIVERS OF DISEASE PATHOGENESIS IN NONALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS

Quinn, Connor January 2022 (has links)
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the number one cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, with 25% of these patients developing nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NASH is characterized by steatosis, inflammation, cell death, and liver fibrosis and significantly increases the risk of cirrhosis and decompensated liver failure. There are currently no approved drugs on the market for treating NASH leaving a major unmet medical need for drug discovery research. The aim of this dissertation is to better understand the pathophysiology of NASH and elucidate disease driving molecular mechanisms that can be used for drug targeting. Analysis of human liver samples using state of the art mass spectrometry proteomics identified dysregulation of one-carbon metabolism in NASH. This dissertation details the molecular mechanisms for how these proteomic changes can drive NASH pathogenesis and be targeted for therapeutic purposes. Chapter 1 provides an extensive background on NASH prevalence and pathophysiology and the association of one-carbon metabolism and NASH. Chapter 2 presents the identification of reduced glycine N-methyltransferase, a key regulator of one-carbon metabolism, in human NASH patients. Using a diet-induced animal model of NASH and targeted proteomics and metabolomics it was found glycine N-methyltransferase reduction in NASH leads to an accumulation of S-adenosylmethionine, activation of polyamine metabolism, and production of oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is a key component to NASH pathogenesis and this work identifies a novel mechanism for how oxidative stress is produced during NASH. Chapter 3 covers the discovery of increased folate receptor gamma (FOLR3) specifically in the liver of NASH patients. Initially, FOLR3 was predicted to impact one-carbon metabolism through folate metabolism, but molecular characterization found FOLR3 drives liver fibrogenesis independent of one-carbon metabolism. Chapter 3 details the molecular mechanism for how FOLR3 drives liver fibrosis by enhancing transforming growth factor beta activation of hepatic stellate cells through its interaction with serine protease HTRA1. The effect of FOLR3 was then validated in an in vivo model of NASH showing FOLR3 treatment can induce severe liver fibrosis in mice comparable to human liver fibrosis. These findings provide a translational animal model that can be used for NASH drug development and introduce a novel drug target in FOLR3. Chapter 4 discusses the innovation and translational impact of these findings and Chapter 5 summarizes the main results of this dissertation. / Pharmaceutical Sciences
3

Participação das conexinas 43 e 32 no desenvolvimento da fibrose hepática: estudo em camundongos geneticamente modificados / Role of connexins 43 and 32 on the development of hepatic fibrosis: a study in genetically modified mice

Cogliati, Bruno 23 April 2010 (has links)
A fibrose hepática resulta da cronicidade da injúria celular, ocasionando acúmulo dos componentes da matriz extracelular (MEC) pela ativação, principalmente, de células estreladas e fibroblastos portais em miofibroblastos. Estas células se conectam através de junções comunicantes do tipo gap, formadas por proteínas denominadas conexinas (Cx). As junções gap são responsáveis pelo fluxo de moléculas e íons entre as células, desempenhando importante função no controle da homeostasia tecidual. Diversos tipos de conexinas foram descritas nas células hepáticas. Os hepatócitos expressam Cx32 e Cx26, enquanto as demais células não-parenquimatosas expressam Cx43. Alguns estudos analisaram a expressão das conexinas e das junções gap em processos de reparação e fibrogênese em diferentes tecidos, no entanto, poucos avaliaram seu papel na fibrogênese hepática. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os aspectos morfológicos, histopatológicos e moleculares da fibrose hepática, induzida por tetracloreto de carbono (CCl4), em animais deficientes para as conexinas 43 (Cx43+/-) ou 32 (Cx32-/-). Foram analisados dados biométricos, histopatológicos, ultra-estruturais, imuno-histoquímicos e bioquímicos, além da expressão gênica e protéica das conexinas. Os aspectos moleculares da fibrose hepática foram analisados pela expressão de genes relacionados com a deposição e degradação da matriz extracelular por PCR em tempo real. As análises macroscópicas e de varredura demonstraram um processo de micronodulação da superfície hepática mais acentuado nos camundongos Cx43+/- fibróticos em relação aos animais wild-type (Cx43+/+) fibróticos. Adicionalmente, estes animais apresentaram maior proporção volumétrica de colágeno no tecido hepático; redução na atividade necroinflamatória tecidual; redução nas concentrações séricas de AST e ALT; redução na proliferação celular dos hepatócitos e redução na expressão dos genes: colágeno tipo I, TGFβ-1, MMP-2, MMP-13 e TIMP-1. Por sua vez, os camundongos Cx32-/- fibróticos apresentaram aumento na deposição de colágeno no parênquima hepático; aumento na atividade necroinflamatória tecidual e aumento nos níveis séricos das enzimas hepáticas AST, ALT e fosfatase alcalina em comparação aos animais wild-type (Cx32+/+) fibróticos. Também foram observadas redução na proliferação hepatocelular e maior quantidade de corpúsculos apoptóticos no tecido hepático. Baseando-se em todos os resultados obtidos, observou-se que ambos os modelos animais apresentaram aumento da fibrose hepática, aparentemente ocasionada por diferentes modos de ação. Os animais deficientes em Cx43 apresentaram menor capacidade de degradação do colágeno, ocasionando seu acúmulo no tecido hepático. Por outro lado, os animais deficientes em Cx32 apresentaram maior deposição de colágeno em resposta à injúria hepatocelular mais acentuada, aliada ao desequilíbrio entre as taxas de proliferação celular e apoptose. Em conclusão, os resultados obtidos neste trabalho demonstraram a importante participação das conexinas no controle da fibrogênese hepática, e que podem representar potenciais alvos terapêuticos para o tratamento das doenças hepáticas crônicas em humanos e animais. / Hepatic fibrosis results from chronic cell injury, leading to accumulation of components of extracellular matrix (ECM) through activation mainly of hepatic stellate cells and portal fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. These cells communicate through intercellular gap junctions composed of proteins known as connexins (Cx). Gap junctions are responsible for the exchange of molecules and ions among cells, playing an important role in the control of tissue homeostasis. Several subtypes of connexins were described among hepatic cells. Hepatocytes express Cx32 and Cx26, while the other non-parenchymal cells express Cx43. Some studies analyzed the expression of connexins and gap junctions on processes of healing and fibrogenesis in different tissues; however, few studies evaluated its role on hepatic fibrogenesis. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate morphological, histopathological and molecular aspects of hepatic fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in animals with connexin 43 (Cx43+/-) or 32 (Cx32-/-) deficiency. We analyzed biometric, histopathological, ultrastructural, immunohistochemical and biochemical data, besides gene and protein expression of connexins. Molecular aspects of hepatic fibrosis were analyzed with the expression of genes related to deposition and degradation of extracellular matrix by real time PCR. Macroscopic and Scanning Electron Microscopy analyses showed a process of micronodulation of hepatic surface more accentuated on Cx43+/- fibrotic mice when compared to fibrotic wild-type (Cx43+/+) animals. Additionally, these animals presented a higher collagen volumetric proportion on hepatic tissue; reduction of tissue necroinflammatory activity; reduction of serum AST and ALT; reduction of hepatocytes proliferation and reduction of expression type I collagen, TGFβ-1, MMP-2, MMP-13 and TIMP-1 genes. Fibrotic Cx32-/- mice presented an increase of collagen deposition in hepatic parenchyma; increase of tissue necro-inflammatory activity and increase of liver enzymes AST, ALT and alkaline phosphatase when compared to fibrotic wild-type (Cx32+/+) animals. Reduction of hepatocellular proliferation and a higher amount of apoptotic bodies on hepatic tissue were also observed. Based on the results obtained, we observed that both animal models showed an increase of hepatic fibrosis, apparently caused by different modes of action. Cx43 deficient animals showed a reduced capacity to degrade collagen, causing its accumulation in the hepatic tissue. Cx32 deficient animals showed an increased collagen deposition in response to accentuated hepatocellular injury, together to an unbalance between rates of cellular proliferation and apoptosis. In conclusion, results obtained on this study demonstrate an important role of connexins on the control of hepatic fibrogenesis, which could represent potential therapeutical targets for the treatment of chronic liver diseases in humans and animals.
4

Participação das conexinas 43 e 32 no desenvolvimento da fibrose hepática: estudo em camundongos geneticamente modificados / Role of connexins 43 and 32 on the development of hepatic fibrosis: a study in genetically modified mice

Bruno Cogliati 23 April 2010 (has links)
A fibrose hepática resulta da cronicidade da injúria celular, ocasionando acúmulo dos componentes da matriz extracelular (MEC) pela ativação, principalmente, de células estreladas e fibroblastos portais em miofibroblastos. Estas células se conectam através de junções comunicantes do tipo gap, formadas por proteínas denominadas conexinas (Cx). As junções gap são responsáveis pelo fluxo de moléculas e íons entre as células, desempenhando importante função no controle da homeostasia tecidual. Diversos tipos de conexinas foram descritas nas células hepáticas. Os hepatócitos expressam Cx32 e Cx26, enquanto as demais células não-parenquimatosas expressam Cx43. Alguns estudos analisaram a expressão das conexinas e das junções gap em processos de reparação e fibrogênese em diferentes tecidos, no entanto, poucos avaliaram seu papel na fibrogênese hepática. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os aspectos morfológicos, histopatológicos e moleculares da fibrose hepática, induzida por tetracloreto de carbono (CCl4), em animais deficientes para as conexinas 43 (Cx43+/-) ou 32 (Cx32-/-). Foram analisados dados biométricos, histopatológicos, ultra-estruturais, imuno-histoquímicos e bioquímicos, além da expressão gênica e protéica das conexinas. Os aspectos moleculares da fibrose hepática foram analisados pela expressão de genes relacionados com a deposição e degradação da matriz extracelular por PCR em tempo real. As análises macroscópicas e de varredura demonstraram um processo de micronodulação da superfície hepática mais acentuado nos camundongos Cx43+/- fibróticos em relação aos animais wild-type (Cx43+/+) fibróticos. Adicionalmente, estes animais apresentaram maior proporção volumétrica de colágeno no tecido hepático; redução na atividade necroinflamatória tecidual; redução nas concentrações séricas de AST e ALT; redução na proliferação celular dos hepatócitos e redução na expressão dos genes: colágeno tipo I, TGFβ-1, MMP-2, MMP-13 e TIMP-1. Por sua vez, os camundongos Cx32-/- fibróticos apresentaram aumento na deposição de colágeno no parênquima hepático; aumento na atividade necroinflamatória tecidual e aumento nos níveis séricos das enzimas hepáticas AST, ALT e fosfatase alcalina em comparação aos animais wild-type (Cx32+/+) fibróticos. Também foram observadas redução na proliferação hepatocelular e maior quantidade de corpúsculos apoptóticos no tecido hepático. Baseando-se em todos os resultados obtidos, observou-se que ambos os modelos animais apresentaram aumento da fibrose hepática, aparentemente ocasionada por diferentes modos de ação. Os animais deficientes em Cx43 apresentaram menor capacidade de degradação do colágeno, ocasionando seu acúmulo no tecido hepático. Por outro lado, os animais deficientes em Cx32 apresentaram maior deposição de colágeno em resposta à injúria hepatocelular mais acentuada, aliada ao desequilíbrio entre as taxas de proliferação celular e apoptose. Em conclusão, os resultados obtidos neste trabalho demonstraram a importante participação das conexinas no controle da fibrogênese hepática, e que podem representar potenciais alvos terapêuticos para o tratamento das doenças hepáticas crônicas em humanos e animais. / Hepatic fibrosis results from chronic cell injury, leading to accumulation of components of extracellular matrix (ECM) through activation mainly of hepatic stellate cells and portal fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. These cells communicate through intercellular gap junctions composed of proteins known as connexins (Cx). Gap junctions are responsible for the exchange of molecules and ions among cells, playing an important role in the control of tissue homeostasis. Several subtypes of connexins were described among hepatic cells. Hepatocytes express Cx32 and Cx26, while the other non-parenchymal cells express Cx43. Some studies analyzed the expression of connexins and gap junctions on processes of healing and fibrogenesis in different tissues; however, few studies evaluated its role on hepatic fibrogenesis. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate morphological, histopathological and molecular aspects of hepatic fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in animals with connexin 43 (Cx43+/-) or 32 (Cx32-/-) deficiency. We analyzed biometric, histopathological, ultrastructural, immunohistochemical and biochemical data, besides gene and protein expression of connexins. Molecular aspects of hepatic fibrosis were analyzed with the expression of genes related to deposition and degradation of extracellular matrix by real time PCR. Macroscopic and Scanning Electron Microscopy analyses showed a process of micronodulation of hepatic surface more accentuated on Cx43+/- fibrotic mice when compared to fibrotic wild-type (Cx43+/+) animals. Additionally, these animals presented a higher collagen volumetric proportion on hepatic tissue; reduction of tissue necroinflammatory activity; reduction of serum AST and ALT; reduction of hepatocytes proliferation and reduction of expression type I collagen, TGFβ-1, MMP-2, MMP-13 and TIMP-1 genes. Fibrotic Cx32-/- mice presented an increase of collagen deposition in hepatic parenchyma; increase of tissue necro-inflammatory activity and increase of liver enzymes AST, ALT and alkaline phosphatase when compared to fibrotic wild-type (Cx32+/+) animals. Reduction of hepatocellular proliferation and a higher amount of apoptotic bodies on hepatic tissue were also observed. Based on the results obtained, we observed that both animal models showed an increase of hepatic fibrosis, apparently caused by different modes of action. Cx43 deficient animals showed a reduced capacity to degrade collagen, causing its accumulation in the hepatic tissue. Cx32 deficient animals showed an increased collagen deposition in response to accentuated hepatocellular injury, together to an unbalance between rates of cellular proliferation and apoptosis. In conclusion, results obtained on this study demonstrate an important role of connexins on the control of hepatic fibrogenesis, which could represent potential therapeutical targets for the treatment of chronic liver diseases in humans and animals.
5

Expression and Regulation of the Insulin-like Growth Factor Axis Components in Rat Liver Myofibroblasts / Expression und Regulation von Komponenten der IGF-Achse in Rattenlebermyofibroblasten

Novosyadlyy, Ruslan 03 November 2004 (has links)
No description available.
6

Functional analysis of IGFBP-2 overexpression in mouse liver myofibroblasts: Therapeutic implication for liver fibrogenesis / Funktionelle Analyse der IGFBP-2 Ueberexpression in Lebermyofibroblasten bei Maeusen: Therapeutische Vorschlaege bei Liberfibrogenese

Pannem, Rajeswara Rao 30 October 2007 (has links)
No description available.

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