The main intentions of this thesis are to analyse and explain changes in the function and graphic components of Beijing s wayfinding systems and to explain how the systems construct multiple cultural and political identities at different historical periods and in changing local/global contexts. In the thesis, the oversimplified one-way theory of the global-local dichotomy, in which the global power of the West is overwhelming and constantly dominant, and the local system of non-Western countries is passive and fragile, is challenged. Instead, this thesis seeks to examine the interactivity and correlation of the local and the global from two perspectives: mobility and reversibility. Looking at mobility is to consider the local and global and their nexus as different interconnections and networks that are constantly and unevenly changing. Reversibility, with which this thesis is most concerned, deals primarily with the reversible relationship of the local and global, namely, that either the local or the global can be dominant. This point is well illustrated by the evolution of Beijing s graphic wayfinding systems function and appearance. Beijing, as the capital of China, has undergone a radical transformation from the fall of the last Empire Qing (1912) to the establishment of the People s Republic of China (1949). The meaning of Beijing varies in accordance with the changes in its political and social structures. There have been five phases in Beijing s development: a well-planned imperial city; a capital city with a republican spirit; a totally industrialised but relatively isolated capital of a socialist country; an open and modernised Chinese-style socialist city; and a cosmopolitan city. In the course of this metamorphosis, what took place was a series of collisions, exchanges, fusions, and re-collisions between local power and global power. Along with the immense changes in Beijing, the role and appearance of the graphic wayfinding systems have also changed, especially those of road signs and doorplates, whose roles have been transformed from that of initial household register to orientation reference, to effective propaganda tool, and then on to the regeneration of a city. Finally, Beijing s graphic wayfinding design within its urban development has been reconfirmed as a useful instrument to support the new forms of visual narratives and consolidate the city brand of Beijing in the 21st century. This study probes into the political and cultural significances behind the changes of the graphic wayfinding systems of Beijing, as well as the interaction between the local and the global as reflected in the formation of these findings. The mutable and reversible relationship between the local and the global is illustrated and clarified through analysis and comparison of various functions and visual elements between Beijing s present graphic wayfinding systems and its early wayfinding signs, as well as decoding the different mainstream political or cultural ideologies that have deeply affected the function and design of Beijing graphic wayfinding systems at different periods.

Yes / A multipartite system comprised of n subsystems, each of which is described with ‘local variables’ in Z(d) and with a d-dimensional Hilbert space H(d), is considered. Local Fourier transforms in each subsystem are defined and related phase space methods are discussed (displacement operators, Wigner and Weyl functions, etc). A holistic view of the same system might be more appropriate in the case of strong interactions, which uses ‘global variables’ in Z(dn) and a dn-dimensional Hilbert space H(dn). A global Fourier transform is then defined and related phase space methods are discussed. The local formalism is compared and contrasted with the global formalism. Depending on the values of d, n the local Fourier transform is unitarily inequivalent or unitarily equivalent to the global Fourier transform. Time evolution of the system in terms of both local and global variables, is discussed. The formalism can be useful in the general area of Fast Fourier transforms.

Neste trabalho consideramos o problema de Navier-Stokes em RN <div style=\"width: 50%; margin: auto;\">ut = &Delta;u &mdash; &nabla;&pi; + f (t) &mdash; (u .&nabla;)u,&nbsp; &nbsp;x&isin; &Omega; <br />div(u) = 0,&nbsp; &nbsp; x &isin; &Omega; <br />u = 0,&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;x &isin; &part; &Omega; <br />u(0, x) = u0 (x), onde u0 &isin; LN (&Omega;)N e &Omega; &eacute; um subconjunto aberto, limitado e suave de RN. Provamos que o problema acima &eacute; localmente bem colocado e fornecemos condi&ccedil;&otilde;es para obter que estas solu&ccedil;&otilde;es existem para todo t &ge; 0. Utilizamos t&eacute;cnicas de equa&ccedil;&otilde;es parab&oacute;licas semilineares considerando n&atilde;o linearidades com crescimento cr&iacute;tico desenvolvidas em (ARRIETA; CARVALHO, 1999). / In this work we we consider the Navier-Stokes problem on RN <div style=\"width: 50%; margin: auto;\">ut = &Delta;u &mdash; &nabla;&pi; + f (t) &mdash; (u .&nabla;)u,&nbsp; &nbsp;x&isin; &Omega; <br />div(u) = 0,&nbsp; &nbsp; x &isin; &Omega; <br />u = 0,&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;x &isin; &part; &Omega; <br />u(0, x) = u0 (x), where u0 &isin; LN (&Omega;)N and &Omega; is an open, bounded and smooth subset of RN. We prove that the above problem is locally well posed and give conditions to obtain that these solutions exist for all t &ge; 0. We used techniques of semilinear parabolic equations considering nonlinearities with critical grouth developed in (ARRIETA; CARVALHO, 1999).

Neste trabalho consideramos o problema de Navier-Stokes em RN <div style=\"width: 50%; margin: auto;\">ut = &Delta;u &mdash; &nabla;&pi; + f (t) &mdash; (u .&nabla;)u,&nbsp; &nbsp;x&isin; &Omega; <br />div(u) = 0,&nbsp; &nbsp; x &isin; &Omega; <br />u = 0,&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;x &isin; &part; &Omega; <br />u(0, x) = u0 (x), onde u0 &isin; LN (&Omega;)N e &Omega; &eacute; um subconjunto aberto, limitado e suave de RN. Provamos que o problema acima &eacute; localmente bem colocado e fornecemos condi&ccedil;&otilde;es para obter que estas solu&ccedil;&otilde;es existem para todo t &ge; 0. Utilizamos t&eacute;cnicas de equa&ccedil;&otilde;es parab&oacute;licas semilineares considerando n&atilde;o linearidades com crescimento cr&iacute;tico desenvolvidas em (ARRIETA; CARVALHO, 1999). / In this work we we consider the Navier-Stokes problem on RN <div style=\"width: 50%; margin: auto;\">ut = &Delta;u &mdash; &nabla;&pi; + f (t) &mdash; (u .&nabla;)u,&nbsp; &nbsp;x&isin; &Omega; <br />div(u) = 0,&nbsp; &nbsp; x &isin; &Omega; <br />u = 0,&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;x &isin; &part; &Omega; <br />u(0, x) = u0 (x), where u0 &isin; LN (&Omega;)N and &Omega; is an open, bounded and smooth subset of RN. We prove that the above problem is locally well posed and give conditions to obtain that these solutions exist for all t &ge; 0. We used techniques of semilinear parabolic equations considering nonlinearities with critical grouth developed in (ARRIETA; CARVALHO, 1999).

Neste projeto apresentamos algumas direções de pesquisa desenvolvidas no estudo da geometria/topologia da singularidade, no ambiente real e complexo, para funções e aplicações polinomiais. Para isso, utilizaremos as ferramentas da teoria de estratificação, técnicas de decomposição Open book, condições de regularidade no sentido Malgrange, t-regularidade, \'rho\'E-regularidade e trivialidade topológica no infinito / On this project we present some research lines developed in the study of the geometry/ topology of singularity, on the real and complex settings, for functions and polynomial mappings. For this, we use tools from stratification theory, techniques of Open Book decomposition, Malgrange regularity condition, t-regularity condition, \'rho\'E-regularity and topological triviality at infinity

Neste projeto apresentamos algumas direções de pesquisa desenvolvidas no estudo da geometria/topologia da singularidade, no ambiente real e complexo, para funções e aplicações polinomiais. Para isso, utilizaremos as ferramentas da teoria de estratificação, técnicas de decomposição Open book, condições de regularidade no sentido Malgrange, t-regularidade, \'rho\'E-regularidade e trivialidade topológica no infinito / On this project we present some research lines developed in the study of the geometry/ topology of singularity, on the real and complex settings, for functions and polynomial mappings. For this, we use tools from stratification theory, techniques of Open Book decomposition, Malgrange regularity condition, t-regularity condition, \'rho\'E-regularity and topological triviality at infinity

Tese de mestrado. Engenharia Eletrotécnica e Computadores. Universidade do Porto. Faculdade de Engenharia. 2010

This thesis aims to investigate the cola market situation in Thailand and the possibility of a local brand to compete with global brands. Due to the high value of this market, every cola company wants to get the biggest piece of the market share pie. Moreover, there is a situation regarding a global cola brand Pepsi falling into the trouble in terms of logistics and distribution channels after having been separated from its local partner company. In addition, Pepsi’s ex-partner company has launched a new cola brand into the market, a completely separate operation without any ties to Pepsi. As a result, the cola market in Thailand now has witnessed fierce competition and it attracts many players in the beverage industry to take part. Therefore, this research is designed to understand the brand preference, brand substitution, brand loyalty, taste preference, and relation between several factors from customers’ perspective to answer the possibility of a local brand competing with global brands, as well as to investigate the general cola market situation.   Information was collected by questionnaire which was answered by 420 participants, 51 percent of which were female and 49 percent were male. The results of the questionnaire found that their brand preference is actually in an opposite direction with the current cola market share, due to the effect of cola brand substitution in the market. Moreover, the research found that taste preference and gender have an influence on brand preference, while frequency of drinking and other demographics do not have any effect on brand preference

The argument that the world has been witnessing a transformation from national developmentalism towards a new form of developmentalism especially after the 1980s has increasingly become more widespread in the development literature. Moreover, the concerned literature has recently been dominated by the provocative claim that the notion of development itself is no longer operational and meaningful. However, it is still very ambiguous as to how this new form of development which is primarily implemented by the hands of the international corporations and institutions rather than the nation-states is being conceptualized with regard to the existing models of development and how to name it. This dissertation advances the claim that the national developmentalism has given way to what will be called as the &lsquo / global developmentalism&rsquo / in this context and it operates through the notions of the locality and particularity, which are conceptual elements intrinsic to the global capitalism. This dissertation will also attempt to reveal that the logic of global developmentalism no longer depends on the main conceptual categories of the notion of development / thus it can no longer be regarded as a form of developmentalism. The field research of this dissertation involves the analysis of several major and minor projects which are thought to be implemented within either national developmentalism or global developmentalism, or intermediate forms between these two. This dissertation will advance a discussion on the transformation from national developmentalism to global developmentalism and make a discourse analysis of these two forms of developmentalism by interpreting the data obtained from the deep interviews with experts that have worked in these projects, the local inhabitants in the project-affected areas, and from analysis of the observable consequences of these projects.

Ce travail se veut comme une contribution académique sur le sujet de l’évaluation du contact des sociétés dites traditionnelles (locales) face à la dynamique de mondialisation culturelle (globale) portée par les dispositifs d’information et de communication. Il s’inscrit dans le cadre d’un débat portant sur les industries culturelles et leurs influences, ainsi que sur le processus de reconfiguration des identités et cultures traditionnelles locales au contact du monde moderne synonyme de leur intégration ou non à l’ordre mondial. Entre tradition et modernité, la rencontre entre l’industrie culturelle et la culture kabyle nous renvoie souvent à la dimension du global/local que soulève ou qu’impose la globalisation. Celle-ci par delà son aspect hégémonique participe à l’émergence d’un processus d’hybridations culturelles et identitaires symbole de cette combinaison entre moderne et non moderne qui repose sur les dichotomies fascination/répulsion, emprunts/rejets intégrations/éliminations qui se déploient selon des modalités de résolution toujours précaires. Les flux médiatiques transnationaux apparaissent sans doute comme un facteur majeur à l’intérieur de ce processus, d’où la question de savoir et de comprendre dans quelle mesure est ce que de tels dispositifs produisent de « l’homogénéisation culturelle », ou, à l’inverse, s’ils permettent, « d’enrichir » l’expérience culturelle et identitaire locales « d’apports extérieurs » ? / This work is intended as an academic contribution on the subject of the evaluation of traditional societies (local) against the dynamics of cultural globalization (global) supported by information and communication devices. It is in the context of a debate on the cultural industries and their influences, as well as on the process of reconfiguration of traditional local identities and cultures in contact with the modern world stands for integration or not the world order. Between tradition and modernity, the meeting between the cultural industry and the so-called local cultures we often return to the dimension of global / local raised or imposed by globalization. This and beyond its hegemonic aspects involved in the emergence of a cultural and identity symbol of the hybridization process combinison between modern and non-modern based on dichotomies fascination / repulsion, loans / discharge integration / élimiation that deployed in ever precarious resolution arrangements. Transnational media streams appear likely as a major factor in the interior of the process where the question and understand if such dipositifs produce "cultural homogenization" or permetent conversely, «d 'enrich» cultures and local identities «external input»?