This report mainly focuses on RFID based smart goods and their effect on supply chainintelligence and local decision making. In today’s supply chain for making any decision, it isrequired to make a connection to central data bank system. Among some vertical transactionsbetween a special supply chain level and central part, decision is made. As it will be discussedin the report this structure has many disadvantages. The report tries to introduce a smartinfrastructure that is based on decentralized decision making enabled with smart goods.In this report several ways of distributing intelligence and providing smart logistic system withthe help of different technologies will be discussed and compared according to theiradvantages and disadvantages. The report introduces a smart infrastructure containing smartgoods, RFID tags and readers that supports local decision making idea and intelligencedistribution concept. Also smart freight benefits and possibilities in supply chain are discussedin the report.

The diploma thesis deals with the hospital logistics and current utilization of the logistic methods and principles by the regional hospital in Jičín. The aim of the thesis is to describe and analyse of current form of logistic system of the hospital and logistic processes in connection with the ensurance of material flows; to make the questionnaire; to identify the problems and to suggest solutions of optimalization of logistic processes and logistic chains that can lead to effective logistic system of the hospital.

Diploma work focuses on the application of logistics in a real manufacturing enterprise. Theoretical chapters define terms like logistics, logistic chain and describe individual segments in the logistic chain from developing, purchasing, manufacturing process to warehousing and distribution. Company Indoorcycling Group is introduced in the third chapter. The company deals with production of stationary bicycles and their accessories. After the characterization of the company, individual logistic processes are analyzed. According to detection of problems in the logistic chain, various solutions for the optimalization are suggested.

This thesis describes a computer simulation model for determining effective spares stock levels for recoverable items at Air Force bases and depots. The simulation model is based on the following fundamental inventory theory; whenever a demand arises, it is satisfied from stock on hand, and the quantity equal to that demand is recorded immediately; when a demand exceeds stock on hand, the excess demand is backordered immediately and when item life expires procurement action is initiated at depot level. The resulting product of the model cam be used as a guide for the optimum distribution of available spares or as a computation of the necessary spares which will meet a desired percent fill rate. Outputs from the simulation model will also enable evaluation of the spares level effects as a result of change in other logistic parameters. The purpose of this thesis is two-fold to the extent that it presents: (a) A computer simulation model of an Air Force logistic system; and (b) A discussion of compound Monte-Carlo demand generation involving various analytic failure distributions. The specific nature of the problem to which the simulation model is applied is described and the model construction and output are discussed in detail.

A simulação de eventos discretos é uma das mais poderosas ferramentas disponíveis para modelagem e análise de problemas. Freqüentemente ela é utilizada para o planejamento, projeto e controle de sistemas complexos em diversos segmentos; entre eles, a área de sistemas logísticos, que a tem aplicado extensivamente para analisar as capacidades logísticas, avaliar os impactos de mudanças nos processos produtivos, testar diferentes configurações na alocação de recursos limitados, determinar parâmetros das operações, validar novos projetos, entre outras aplicações. Esta popularização da simulação despertou o interesse das empresas especializadas no desenvolvimento de softwares, resultando em diversas opções com diferentes características e custos. Desta forma, identificou-se a necessidade de um método para seleção de softwares de simulação de eventos discretos voltados à resolução de problemas logísticos, pois os trabalhos disponíveis na Literatura abordam somente a escolha de softwares para fins genéricos. Para preencher essa lacuna, foi proposto um conjunto de critérios que endereçam as necessidades específicas do desenvolvimento de modelos voltados à análise de sistemas logísticos. Esses critérios formaram a base do método proposto, que incorporou as melhores características dos trabalhos identificados na Literatura. Sua primeira fase gerou uma lista com os softwares que suportaram os critérios definidos como essenciais por meio da aplicação de um método de atribuição de pesos e pontuação, cuja eficiência e simplicidade são amplamente reconhecidas; já a segunda fase, utilizou o método de análise hierárquica (AHP), recomendado para a tomada de decisão baseada em múltiplos critérios, por permitir a identificação e correção das inconsistências geradas pelo julgamento humano. Dois problemas testes também foram propostos para o desenvolvimento de aplicações em sistemas logísticos e condução de experimentos durante a segunda fase. Os softwares Arena, ProModel e @Risk, extensivamente utilizados para ensino e pesquisa na Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo, foram avaliados durante a aplicação prática do método proposto. Os resultados obtidos confirmaram a percepção, adquirida durante a segunda fase do método, de que os softwares Arena e ProModel apresentam características semelhantes, dada a discreta diferença em suas pontuações totais. Os diversos cenários desenvolvidos na análise de sensibilidade também ratificaram essa tendência. / The discrete event simulation is one of the most powerful tools available for modeling and problem analysis. Frequently it is used for planning, designing and controlling complex systems in several segments. The logistic system area has also applied it extensively to analyse the logistic capacities, evaluate the impacts of changes in the productive processes, test different configurations in the allocation of limited resources, determine operation parameters, validate new projects, among other applications. Thus, the growth of the simulation awoke the interest of the companies specialized in software development. This fact resulted in several options with different characteristics and costs. Because of this, it was identified the necessity of a selection method for discrete event simulation software dedicated to the resolution of logistic problems. The available works in Literature only approach the choice of softwares for generic purposes. To fill in this gap, a set of criteria that address the specific necessities of the development of models dedicated to the analysis of logistic systems was proposed. These criteria formed the base of the proposed method. It has incorporated the best characteristics of the works identified in Literature. Its first phase generated a list with softwares with widely recognized efficiency and simplicity that supported the essential criteria through the application of a scoring model. Its second phase used the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) which is recommended for the decision taking based on multiple criteria because it allows the identification and correction of the inconsistencies generated by the human judgment. Two test problems have also been proposed for the development of applications in logistic systems and performance of experiments during the second phase. Arena, ProModel and @Risk, extensively used for education and research in the Polytechnical School of the University of São Paulo, were evaluated during the practical application of the proposed method. The results confirmed the perception acquired during the second phase of the method that Arena and ProModel present similar characteristics. They presented a discrete difference in their total score. The several scenes developed in the sensitivity analysis also ratified this trend.

The objective of this dissertation is to introduce a unified framework for modeling and simulating discrete event logistics systems (DELS) by using a formal language, the System Modeling Language (SysML), for conceptual modeling and a corresponding methodology for translating the conceptual model into a simulation model. There are three parts in this research: plant modeling, control modeling, and simulation generation. Part 1:Plant Modeling of Discrete Event Logistics Systems. Contemporary DELS are complex and challenging to design. One challenge is to describe the system in a formal language. We propose a unified framework for modeling DELS using SysML. A SysML subset for plant modeling is identified in this research. We show that any system can be described by using the proposed subset if the system can be modeled using finite state machines or finite state automata. Furthermore, the system modeled by the proposed subset can avoid the state explosion problem, i.e., the number of the system states grows exponentially when the number of the components increases. We also compare this approach to other existing modeling languages. Part 2:Control Modeling of Discrete Event Logistics Systems. The development of contemporary manufacturing control systems is an extremely complex process. One approach for modeling control systems uses activity diagrams from SysML, providing a standard object-oriented graphical notation and enhancing reusability. However, SysML activity diagrams do not directly support the kind of analysis needed to verify the control model, such as might be available with a Petri net (PN) model. We show that a control model represented by UML/SysML activity diagrams can be transformed into an equivalent PN, so the analysis capability of PN can be used and the results applied back in the activity diagram model. We define a formal mathematical notation for activity diagrams, show the mapping rules between PN and activity diagrams, and propose a formal transformation algorithm. Part 3:Discrete Event Simulation Generation. The challenge of cost-effectively creating discrete event simulation models is well-known. One approach to alleviate this issue is to describe a system using a descriptive modeling language and then transform the system model to a simulation model. Some researchers have tried to realize this idea using a transformation script. However, most of the transformation approaches depend on a domain specific language, so extending the domain specific language may require modifying the transformation script. We propose a transformation approach from SysML to a simulation language. We show that a transformation script can be independent of the associated domain specific language if the domain specific language is implemented as domain libraries using a proposed SysML subset. In this case, both the domain library and the system model can be transformed to a target simulation language. We demonstrate a proof-of-concept example using AnyLogic as the target simulation language.

The dissertation deals with parameters of logistic processes structure in a manufacturing company. The logistic processes structure in a manufacturing company means the logistic processes and their relationships in a manufacturing company. The main objective of the thesis is to create an overview of parameters of the logistic processes structure in manufacturing companies. Cognition and formation of the logistic processes structure is important for planning, control and management of elements of the logistic chain. The thesis focuses on the logistic processes structure in a manufacturing company and the examination of their instantiations. To achieve the objective, in the thesis it was necessary to propose a unifying classification of logistic processes, as well as the general classification for the integration of logistic functions in the organization of a manufacturing company. The proposed classifications and proposed parameters allowed to compare the results of research concerning the comparison of different logistic processes (or operations) in companies.

A simulação de eventos discretos é uma das mais poderosas ferramentas disponíveis para modelagem e análise de problemas. Freqüentemente ela é utilizada para o planejamento, projeto e controle de sistemas complexos em diversos segmentos; entre eles, a área de sistemas logísticos, que a tem aplicado extensivamente para analisar as capacidades logísticas, avaliar os impactos de mudanças nos processos produtivos, testar diferentes configurações na alocação de recursos limitados, determinar parâmetros das operações, validar novos projetos, entre outras aplicações. Esta popularização da simulação despertou o interesse das empresas especializadas no desenvolvimento de softwares, resultando em diversas opções com diferentes características e custos. Desta forma, identificou-se a necessidade de um método para seleção de softwares de simulação de eventos discretos voltados à resolução de problemas logísticos, pois os trabalhos disponíveis na Literatura abordam somente a escolha de softwares para fins genéricos. Para preencher essa lacuna, foi proposto um conjunto de critérios que endereçam as necessidades específicas do desenvolvimento de modelos voltados à análise de sistemas logísticos. Esses critérios formaram a base do método proposto, que incorporou as melhores características dos trabalhos identificados na Literatura. Sua primeira fase gerou uma lista com os softwares que suportaram os critérios definidos como essenciais por meio da aplicação de um método de atribuição de pesos e pontuação, cuja eficiência e simplicidade são amplamente reconhecidas; já a segunda fase, utilizou o método de análise hierárquica (AHP), recomendado para a tomada de decisão baseada em múltiplos critérios, por permitir a identificação e correção das inconsistências geradas pelo julgamento humano. Dois problemas testes também foram propostos para o desenvolvimento de aplicações em sistemas logísticos e condução de experimentos durante a segunda fase. Os softwares Arena, ProModel e @Risk, extensivamente utilizados para ensino e pesquisa na Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo, foram avaliados durante a aplicação prática do método proposto. Os resultados obtidos confirmaram a percepção, adquirida durante a segunda fase do método, de que os softwares Arena e ProModel apresentam características semelhantes, dada a discreta diferença em suas pontuações totais. Os diversos cenários desenvolvidos na análise de sensibilidade também ratificaram essa tendência. / The discrete event simulation is one of the most powerful tools available for modeling and problem analysis. Frequently it is used for planning, designing and controlling complex systems in several segments. The logistic system area has also applied it extensively to analyse the logistic capacities, evaluate the impacts of changes in the productive processes, test different configurations in the allocation of limited resources, determine operation parameters, validate new projects, among other applications. Thus, the growth of the simulation awoke the interest of the companies specialized in software development. This fact resulted in several options with different characteristics and costs. Because of this, it was identified the necessity of a selection method for discrete event simulation software dedicated to the resolution of logistic problems. The available works in Literature only approach the choice of softwares for generic purposes. To fill in this gap, a set of criteria that address the specific necessities of the development of models dedicated to the analysis of logistic systems was proposed. These criteria formed the base of the proposed method. It has incorporated the best characteristics of the works identified in Literature. Its first phase generated a list with softwares with widely recognized efficiency and simplicity that supported the essential criteria through the application of a scoring model. Its second phase used the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) which is recommended for the decision taking based on multiple criteria because it allows the identification and correction of the inconsistencies generated by the human judgment. Two test problems have also been proposed for the development of applications in logistic systems and performance of experiments during the second phase. Arena, ProModel and @Risk, extensively used for education and research in the Polytechnical School of the University of São Paulo, were evaluated during the practical application of the proposed method. The results confirmed the perception acquired during the second phase of the method that Arena and ProModel present similar characteristics. They presented a discrete difference in their total score. The several scenes developed in the sensitivity analysis also ratified this trend.

This diploma thesis is aimed on problems of supply chain management with selected assortment. It is focused on particular ways of supply management with fresh meat, on the flow of goods from producer to final customer and analyze the impact on key performance indicators pursued by a company. In the first three parts of the thesis is described the logistics systém in Ahold Czech Republic. In the following part of the thesis, supply chain of selected assortment is analyzed in this particular company and also how it is defined in the logistics theory. It is followed by detailed analysis of the new logistic system which was proposed to launch, including the definition of critical points. Final part of this diploma thesis is devoted to summary of expected benefits and costs and to evaluation of this new logistics system according to actual results.

Thesis analyzes problems related to the physical distribution of selected products in the manufacturing company. My work contains such a proposal, which allows to ensure customer requirements in a given quantity of a predetermined time and will help to increase customer satisfaction and increase competitive ability of the market.