This thesis is concerned with the outsourcing and providing of logistics services. It presents particular types of providers of logistics services and it analyzed development of the market of providers of complex logistics services. The practical part of the thesis attends to the providing of logistics services by the company C.S.CARGO a.s.. The solution of the concrete business case processed by the project team of the company C.S.CARGO a.s. is added with my own advice. In terms of comparing both solutions I have formulated some recommendations a suggestion of change, which could be applied to this case.

No mercado contemporâneo, de alta competitividade, a logística tem papel fundamental na determinação das empresas e países que terão sucesso no suprimento de etanol. Os apelos ambientais, devido à emissão de gases de efeito estufa e a preocupação com a instabilidade dos preços do petróleo contribuem para o aumento da utilização do etanol como combustível em substituição ou redução do uso de derivados do petróleo. Atualmente, no Brasil, os combustíveis renováveis representam 19% da energia usada no setor de transporte. Portanto, o Brasil é o único caso bem sucedido de transição tecnológica para biocombustível em larga escala. Para atender a crescente demanda de etanol novas áreas de plantio de cana-de-açúcar e destilarias de etanol estão surgindo, principalmente, na região centro-sul do Brasil, mudando o perfil de distribuição do produto. E consequentemente, torna-se relevante a necessidade de inovação na logística do etanol. O tema teórico desta tese é a inovação em serviços logísticos e logística. Nesta pesquisa, analisa-se a contribuição das mudanças tecnológicas na inovação da logística do etanol. E quais mudanças organizacionais ocorrem em função dessas inovações tecnológicas. A metodologia de pesquisa utilizada, nesta tese, é o método de estudo de casos múltiplos, e foram escolhidas para pesquisas quatro empresas, sendo duas empresas operadoras logísticas, Stolthaven e Logum, e duas grandes empresas produtoras de etanol, Copersucar e Raízen. Entre outras análises, os resultados da pesquisa apontam que as mudanças tecnológicas têm contribuído significantemente para a inovação da logística e dos serviços logísticos do etanol, além do que a literatura tem demonstrado, a qual se concentra, basicamente, na contribuição da Tecnologia de Informação e Comunicação (TIC), na inovação logística. O estudo mostrou haver relevantes inovações tecnológicas em transporte, transbordo e armazenagem. Além da classificação da inovação em incremental ou radical, a inovação em logística sugere um caráter de inovação sistêmica pela forma como se arquiteta seu processo. As pesquisas apontam, também, que, devido às inovações tecnológicas ocorridas nos últimos dez anos, significantes mudanças organizacionais ocorreram, principalmente nos perfis profissionais dos operadores de terminal de armazenagem e transbordo de etanol. Há dez anos, não havia necessidade de muita qualificação dos operadores, aceitava-se candidato com formação no ensino fundamental; atualmente, há necessidade de formação em ensino médio ou técnico, e até superior. E mesmo com formação mais elevada, a empresa precisa aplicar treinamento próprio para capacitar o funcionário às novas tecnologias. Entretanto, essas mudanças organizacionais foram mais significativas nas empresas operadoras logísticas do que nas empresas produtoras de etanol. Esta pesquisa obtém contribuições originais ao conhecimento na área de gestão da inovação em logística, construindo novas teorias a partir do estudo de casos, e propõe um modelo conceitual de inovação em logística, assim como contribui para a prática executiva do suprimento de etanol. / In the high competitive contemporary market, logistics plays a key role in determining which companies and countries will succeed in the supply of ethanol. The environmental appeals, due to the emission of greenhouse effect gases and the concern with the instability of oil prices contribute to the increased use of ethanol as a fuel to replace or reduce the use of petroleum. Currently in Brazil, renewable fuels account for 19% of the energy used in the transportation sector. Therefore, Brazil is the only case of successful technological transition to biofuel on a large scale. To meet the growing demand for ethanol, new planting areas of sugar cane and ethanol distilleries are popping up mainly in the central-southern Brazil, changing the product distribution profile. As so, the need for innovation in the logistics of ethanol becomes relevant. The theoretical theme of this thesis is innovation in logistics services and logistics. In this research, we analyze the contribution of technological innovation in the logistics of ethanol. And what organizational changes occur as a result of these technological innovations. The research methodology used in this thesis is the method of multiple case studies and four companies were chosen to participate in the research; being two companies that operate logistics: Stolthaven and Logum and two major companies producing ethanol: Copersucar and Raizen. Among other analyses, the results of the research show that technological changes have contributed significantly to innovation in logistics and logistics services of ethanol, beyond what the literature shows, which concentrates basically on the contribution of Information Technology and Communication (ITC) innovation in logistics. The research has showed that there are relevant technological innovations in transport, transshipment and warehouse. Besides innovation classification in incremental or radical, logistic innovation suggests a character of systemic innovation considering the form that its process is architected. The research also indicate that due to technological innovations that occurred in the last ten years, significant organizational changes occurred mainly in professional profiles of terminal operators on storage and transshipment of ethanol. Ten years ago there was not much need for qualified operators, so candidates with a background in elementary education were accepted. Nowadays, there is the need of at least technical education or even higher. And even with the higher education companies must implement proper training to enable the employees to new technologies. However, these organizational changes were more significant in the logistic operating companies than in companies producing ethanol. This research gives original contributions to knowledge in the area of innovation management in logistics, building new theories from case studies and proposes a conceptual model of innovation in logistics, as well as contributions to the executive practice of ethanol supply.

The aim of this research is to investigate the use of third party logistics in New Zealand companies from the users’ perspective and to identify the improvement opportunities in the New Zealand environment. The empirical research is used to investigate the reasons for undertaking or not outsourcing logistics activities in New Zealand companies; to investigate the extent of use of third party logistics services in New Zealand and the influence of firm sizes and different industries on different aspects of 3PL (third party logistics) practices; to investigate critical success factors and attributes of selecting and evaluating 3PL service providers by users of 3PL in New Zealand; to establish the impact of usage of 3PL providers on New Zealand companies; to evaluate the satisfaction level of New Zealand 3PL services; to investigate the future plans of current 3PL users in New Zealand. The results showed that 3PL has been accepted by New Zealand organizations; with more than half of the respondents using 3PL. Current users accepted that 3PL allows them to gain a number of benefits and believe that 3PL has more positive impacts than negative. With a high level of satisfaction, a large number of user firms are likely to maintain and moderately increase the use of 3PL in the near future. The results of this study provide useful information for both 3PL providers and users. Providers should be aware of the most frequently used services, the potential trend, and develop their capabilities accordingly in terms of these future requirements. The experience of the firms in this study also provides insights as to the benefits of outsourcing logistics activities and how to plan for implementation for 3PL users.

Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento e aplicação de uma metodologia de custeio para empresas Prestadoras de Serviços Logísticos (PSLs). Inicialmente estudam-se as atividades logísticas e a estrutura deste tipo de empresa, destacando-se a característica multidimensional de suas operações. Posteriormente, estudam-se os métodos de custeio apresentados na literatura, suas limitações para aplicabilidade às atividades logísticas e à estrutura das PSLs. Revisam-se, também, as bibliografias específicas de custos logísticos, avaliando-se suas deficiências. Propõe-se então uma metodologia para a medição e gerenciamento de custos em empresas Prestadoras de Serviços Logísticos (PSLs), a qual é aplicada em uma PSL de grande porte, de atuação nacional que faz uso dos modais rodoviário e aquaviário de transporte. A aplicação demonstra a flexibilidade da metodologia no custeio das diferentes atividades e modais logísticos, sua adaptabilidade às particularidades do caso concreto e os resultados obtidos quanto à precificação e custeio de serviços prestados, além da estruturação de toda uma base de apoio à gestão da empresa. / This work presents the development and application of a cost methodology for Logistics Services Providers (PSLs, its acronym in Portuguese). Initially, it is presented the activities and structure of this kind of company, with focus on its multidimensional characteristic. Then, the cost management methods and specific methods of logistic costs are studied with all their limitation related to the logistic operations. A methodology for measure and manage costs in logistic companies is proposed and applied to a large company. The application demonstrates the flexibility of the methodology in the cost of different activities and logistic modals, its adaptability to the case particularities and the results obtained regarding pricing and costing of services, besides to structuring a base to support the company management.

The main purpose of the thesis is to analyze the developement of providing logistics services in the Czech Republic and analyze the current situation and expected trends in the near future. The thesis presents the implementation process of logistics outsourcing and follows up the influence of the outsourcing at the level of logistics costs. Manufacturing companies see in logistics the potential tool to improve the efficiency in their operations and they include the logistics in their strategic goals and plans.

Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento e aplicação de uma metodologia de custeio para empresas Prestadoras de Serviços Logísticos (PSLs). Inicialmente estudam-se as atividades logísticas e a estrutura deste tipo de empresa, destacando-se a característica multidimensional de suas operações. Posteriormente, estudam-se os métodos de custeio apresentados na literatura, suas limitações para aplicabilidade às atividades logísticas e à estrutura das PSLs. Revisam-se, também, as bibliografias específicas de custos logísticos, avaliando-se suas deficiências. Propõe-se então uma metodologia para a medição e gerenciamento de custos em empresas Prestadoras de Serviços Logísticos (PSLs), a qual é aplicada em uma PSL de grande porte, de atuação nacional que faz uso dos modais rodoviário e aquaviário de transporte. A aplicação demonstra a flexibilidade da metodologia no custeio das diferentes atividades e modais logísticos, sua adaptabilidade às particularidades do caso concreto e os resultados obtidos quanto à precificação e custeio de serviços prestados, além da estruturação de toda uma base de apoio à gestão da empresa. / This work presents the development and application of a cost methodology for Logistics Services Providers (PSLs, its acronym in Portuguese). Initially, it is presented the activities and structure of this kind of company, with focus on its multidimensional characteristic. Then, the cost management methods and specific methods of logistic costs are studied with all their limitation related to the logistic operations. A methodology for measure and manage costs in logistic companies is proposed and applied to a large company. The application demonstrates the flexibility of the methodology in the cost of different activities and logistic modals, its adaptability to the case particularities and the results obtained regarding pricing and costing of services, besides to structuring a base to support the company management.

Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento e aplicação de uma metodologia de custeio para empresas Prestadoras de Serviços Logísticos (PSLs). Inicialmente estudam-se as atividades logísticas e a estrutura deste tipo de empresa, destacando-se a característica multidimensional de suas operações. Posteriormente, estudam-se os métodos de custeio apresentados na literatura, suas limitações para aplicabilidade às atividades logísticas e à estrutura das PSLs. Revisam-se, também, as bibliografias específicas de custos logísticos, avaliando-se suas deficiências. Propõe-se então uma metodologia para a medição e gerenciamento de custos em empresas Prestadoras de Serviços Logísticos (PSLs), a qual é aplicada em uma PSL de grande porte, de atuação nacional que faz uso dos modais rodoviário e aquaviário de transporte. A aplicação demonstra a flexibilidade da metodologia no custeio das diferentes atividades e modais logísticos, sua adaptabilidade às particularidades do caso concreto e os resultados obtidos quanto à precificação e custeio de serviços prestados, além da estruturação de toda uma base de apoio à gestão da empresa. / This work presents the development and application of a cost methodology for Logistics Services Providers (PSLs, its acronym in Portuguese). Initially, it is presented the activities and structure of this kind of company, with focus on its multidimensional characteristic. Then, the cost management methods and specific methods of logistic costs are studied with all their limitation related to the logistic operations. A methodology for measure and manage costs in logistic companies is proposed and applied to a large company. The application demonstrates the flexibility of the methodology in the cost of different activities and logistic modals, its adaptability to the case particularities and the results obtained regarding pricing and costing of services, besides to structuring a base to support the company management.

No mercado contemporâneo, de alta competitividade, a logística tem papel fundamental na determinação das empresas e países que terão sucesso no suprimento de etanol. Os apelos ambientais, devido à emissão de gases de efeito estufa e a preocupação com a instabilidade dos preços do petróleo contribuem para o aumento da utilização do etanol como combustível em substituição ou redução do uso de derivados do petróleo. Atualmente, no Brasil, os combustíveis renováveis representam 19% da energia usada no setor de transporte. Portanto, o Brasil é o único caso bem sucedido de transição tecnológica para biocombustível em larga escala. Para atender a crescente demanda de etanol novas áreas de plantio de cana-de-açúcar e destilarias de etanol estão surgindo, principalmente, na região centro-sul do Brasil, mudando o perfil de distribuição do produto. E consequentemente, torna-se relevante a necessidade de inovação na logística do etanol. O tema teórico desta tese é a inovação em serviços logísticos e logística. Nesta pesquisa, analisa-se a contribuição das mudanças tecnológicas na inovação da logística do etanol. E quais mudanças organizacionais ocorrem em função dessas inovações tecnológicas. A metodologia de pesquisa utilizada, nesta tese, é o método de estudo de casos múltiplos, e foram escolhidas para pesquisas quatro empresas, sendo duas empresas operadoras logísticas, Stolthaven e Logum, e duas grandes empresas produtoras de etanol, Copersucar e Raízen. Entre outras análises, os resultados da pesquisa apontam que as mudanças tecnológicas têm contribuído significantemente para a inovação da logística e dos serviços logísticos do etanol, além do que a literatura tem demonstrado, a qual se concentra, basicamente, na contribuição da Tecnologia de Informação e Comunicação (TIC), na inovação logística. O estudo mostrou haver relevantes inovações tecnológicas em transporte, transbordo e armazenagem. Além da classificação da inovação em incremental ou radical, a inovação em logística sugere um caráter de inovação sistêmica pela forma como se arquiteta seu processo. As pesquisas apontam, também, que, devido às inovações tecnológicas ocorridas nos últimos dez anos, significantes mudanças organizacionais ocorreram, principalmente nos perfis profissionais dos operadores de terminal de armazenagem e transbordo de etanol. Há dez anos, não havia necessidade de muita qualificação dos operadores, aceitava-se candidato com formação no ensino fundamental; atualmente, há necessidade de formação em ensino médio ou técnico, e até superior. E mesmo com formação mais elevada, a empresa precisa aplicar treinamento próprio para capacitar o funcionário às novas tecnologias. Entretanto, essas mudanças organizacionais foram mais significativas nas empresas operadoras logísticas do que nas empresas produtoras de etanol. Esta pesquisa obtém contribuições originais ao conhecimento na área de gestão da inovação em logística, construindo novas teorias a partir do estudo de casos, e propõe um modelo conceitual de inovação em logística, assim como contribui para a prática executiva do suprimento de etanol. / In the high competitive contemporary market, logistics plays a key role in determining which companies and countries will succeed in the supply of ethanol. The environmental appeals, due to the emission of greenhouse effect gases and the concern with the instability of oil prices contribute to the increased use of ethanol as a fuel to replace or reduce the use of petroleum. Currently in Brazil, renewable fuels account for 19% of the energy used in the transportation sector. Therefore, Brazil is the only case of successful technological transition to biofuel on a large scale. To meet the growing demand for ethanol, new planting areas of sugar cane and ethanol distilleries are popping up mainly in the central-southern Brazil, changing the product distribution profile. As so, the need for innovation in the logistics of ethanol becomes relevant. The theoretical theme of this thesis is innovation in logistics services and logistics. In this research, we analyze the contribution of technological innovation in the logistics of ethanol. And what organizational changes occur as a result of these technological innovations. The research methodology used in this thesis is the method of multiple case studies and four companies were chosen to participate in the research; being two companies that operate logistics: Stolthaven and Logum and two major companies producing ethanol: Copersucar and Raizen. Among other analyses, the results of the research show that technological changes have contributed significantly to innovation in logistics and logistics services of ethanol, beyond what the literature shows, which concentrates basically on the contribution of Information Technology and Communication (ITC) innovation in logistics. The research has showed that there are relevant technological innovations in transport, transshipment and warehouse. Besides innovation classification in incremental or radical, logistic innovation suggests a character of systemic innovation considering the form that its process is architected. The research also indicate that due to technological innovations that occurred in the last ten years, significant organizational changes occurred mainly in professional profiles of terminal operators on storage and transshipment of ethanol. Ten years ago there was not much need for qualified operators, so candidates with a background in elementary education were accepted. Nowadays, there is the need of at least technical education or even higher. And even with the higher education companies must implement proper training to enable the employees to new technologies. However, these organizational changes were more significant in the logistic operating companies than in companies producing ethanol. This research gives original contributions to knowledge in the area of innovation management in logistics, building new theories from case studies and proposes a conceptual model of innovation in logistics, as well as contributions to the executive practice of ethanol supply.

The purpose of this thesis is to explain the linkage between logistics and customer value. The focus is on how customer value can be created through logistics services. The thesis also explains how value is created in the internal logistics context. Today, logistics plays an important role in an organization which indirectly contributes to growth and profitability. Logistics service providers are striving to provide outstanding logistics services to their customers. This thesis seeks to identify the elements of logistics services and attempts to analyze and evaluate whether these services can create value to internal customers. The research project is conducted as a single-case study with Electrolux Laundry Systems (ELS). This study aims at explaining the linkage between the Logistics Centre in Ljungby (LCL), the logistics service provider of the company and the value LCL can create for their customers (internal), the Sales Companies. Finding the gap between the perceptions and expectations of the customers is also another objective of this study. Based on the theoretical framework developed for the purpose of explaining the above linkage, a survey with questionnaires was designed to collect empirical data for analysis. 23 respondents from LCL and 4 Sales Companies were interviewed. The key conclusion of this study is that logistics plays a strategic role in an organization when customer value is created through customer accommodation, value co-creation and customer integration. Superior logistics services generate customer value through achieving efficiency, effectiveness and differentiation/relevancy which can lead to competitive advantage for the organization. As a result of the case study, a proposition is made: “If customer value is to be achieved, then customer success has to be attained.”

Dans les années 1990, une modification majeure s’est opérée dans le secteur de la prestation logistique. Le Prestataire de Services Logistiques «traditionnel» (3PL) s’est orienté vers une version plus moderne, le Fourth Party Logistics (4PL™), qui se distingue de ses prédécesseurs par son expertise en matière de conception et de pilotage opérationnel de la chaîne logistique d’un Chargeur.En nous intéressant à leur apparition, nous avons cherché à apporter des éléments de compréhension à l’émergence de nouvelles configurations organisationnelles dans le champ de la logistique. A l’origine, nous avons supposé que la dynamique innovation - apprentissage se situait au cœur du processus d’émergence des 4PL™. Afin de valider ou de réfuter cette hypothèse, nous nous sommes intéressé aux courants théoriques majeurs traitant de l’innovation et de l’apprentissage. Nous nous sommes aperçu que nous manquions d’un cadre théorique global qui nous permette d’appréhender l’influence de la dynamique innovation -apprentissage dans l’émergence d’une nouvelle configuration organisationnelle.Une étude exploratoire puis l’étude d’un cas unique nous ont permis de découvrir que le 4PL™concerné émerge progressivement grâce à un processus de propagation de la combustion associant les connaissances et les interactions des parties prenantes de la chaîne logistique étudiée. / In the 1990s, a major change occurred in logistics services. The «traditional» Third Party Logistics(3PL) moved towards a new version, the Fourth Party Logistics (4PL™), which differs from its predecessors by its expertise in design and operational management of supply chains. By focusing on their appearance, we sought to understand the emergence of new organizational configurations in the field of logistics. Originally, we assumed that the innovation - learning dynamic was the main reason for the emergence of 4PL™.To validate or refute this hypothesis, we were interested in relevant theories dealing with innovationand learning. We realized that we lacked a comprehensive theoretical framework that allowed us to discern the influence of innovation - learning dynamic.We found, after an exploratory study and the study of a single case, that the 4PL™ emerged gradually (in the supply chain under consideration) through a process of propagation of combustion involving knowledge and interactions of stakeholders.