Proximity logistics represent a counter movement to logistics sprawl – the return of logistics to urban areas. In the case presented, a logistics service provider in the groupage and less-than-truckload (LTL) segment runs an urban consolidation center (UCC), offers receiver-led consolidation and additional service like stockholding to inner-city businesses in the city of Dusseldorf. The case shows that for the development of a UCC or a proximity logistics facility to succeed, no expensive space is necessarily required in immediate inner-city areas. The transfer to other locations of logistics service providers of the same segment shows that these could serve as possible locations for UCC in terms of cargo bike-relevant distances. We therefore conclude that the relevant locations of logistics infrastructure like ports and centrally located logistics facilities should be seen as crucial for the transformation to sustainable freight transport and its initiation by municipal governments.

In Germany identification of logistics land is done rarely, among other things due to anonymization of employment and building data. The paper at hands presents a method for identifying logistics land based on publicly available data, in order to present an image of the existing spatial structure of logistics land. Identified spatial hotspots are mostly located in Metropolises/Regiopolises and their suburbs, along highways in areas with flat relief and in vicinity to large inland teminals/inland harbours. Correlation analyses show, that the area of identified logistics land shows only weak but significant correlations with other variables. In order to identify possible existing types of logistics hotspots, a cluster analysis is carried out for the identified logistics hotspots. The formation of the resulting three clusters is mainly driven by the existing logistics employment and company structure, the accessibility (e. g. of inland terminals) and population density. A comparison of the identified clusters with the remaining potential logistics land shows that extensive land reserves are only available in the low-density sururbs and rural areas cluster. Thus, the appearance of logistics sprawl is therefore to be expected solely due this reason.:1 Introduction 2 Background 2.1 Location factors of logistics facilities 2.2 The phenomenon of logistics sprawl 2.3 Further trends in the spatial distribution of logistics facilities 2.4 Difficulties in the study of spatial patterns of logistics in Germany 3 Study area 4 Identifying logistics land and data preparation 4.1 Used data sets and their preparation 4.2 Identification of logistics land 4.3 Accessibility analyses 4.4 Determination of land values 4.5 Spatial aggregation and further variables 4.6 Excursus: Identifying potential logistics/industrial land 5 Analysis of spatial autocorrelation 5.1 Global spatial autocorrelation 5.2 Local spatial autocorrelation 6 Correlation analysis 7 Cluster analysis 7.1 Prinicipal components analysis (PCA) 7.2 K-means Clustering 7.2.1 Identified clusters 7.3 Comparison of the results of the cluster analysis with other types of land 8 Conclusions Publication bibliography

Entre autres activités, les espaces métropolitains sont devenus des lieux de localisation privilégiés et de structuration des activités logistiques. La concentration des entrepôts dans la métropole, se traduit à l’échelle locale par une localisation dans les espaces périurbains, constituant ce qu’on pourrait appeler la métropolisation logistique. L’évolution même du secteur de la logistique vers un besoin d’entrepôts plus importants, plus grands, moins chers ont favorisé un éloignement au centre de la métropole. Ce desserrement logistique appelé est une dynamique spatiale qui traduit la déconcentration de ces entrepôts dans les périphéries des métropoles. Cette périurbanisation logistique amplifie les externalités négatives du transport et pose des questions nouvelles à l’action publique en charge de l’aménagement métropolitain. Cependant, les espaces périurbains ne constituent pas les seuls territoires de la logistique métropolitaine. L’étalement logistique ne doit pas gommer l’existence d’une logistique dans les zones denses de la métropole qui, par ailleurs, canalise l’attention des pouvoirs publics. La contradiction apparente entre une logistique qui contribue à l’étalement urbain et les nouveaux objectifs de durabilité a conduit à recentrer le débat sur le « dernier kilomètre », plutôt que l’aménagement de la logistique dans les marges. A travers le développement de la « logistique urbaine » la puissance publique entend apporter une offre complémentaire à celles proposées par le marché de l’immobilier logistique, tout en se conformant aux objectifs fixés en matière d’environnement par exemple. Le principal enjeu de l’analyse de cette métropolisation logistique réside dans cette double contribution de la logistique à la morphologie métropolitaine et à l’agenda politique / Among other activities, metropolitan areas have become places of premium location for logistics activities. As a consequence of the concentration of warehouses in metropolitan areas, logistics facilities are mainly located in suburban areas, inducing logistics metropolization. This logistics suburbanization amplifies the negative externalities of transport and challenges public policies. However, suburban areas are not the only location choices of logistics facilities. Analysis on logistics sprawl should not overlook logistics facilities located in dense parts of metropolitan areas which, moreover, draw the focus of public authorities. The apparent contradiction between logistics that contribute to urban sprawl and the new sustainability issues has led to refocusing the debate on the "last mile" rather than logistical planning in the fringes of metropolitan area. Through the development of "urban logistics" policies, public stakeholders intend to offer a complementary service to those offered by the logistics real estate market, while complying with environmental objectives. The main challenge of analyzing this logistics metropolization lies in the double contribution of logistics to metropolitan morphology and the political agenda