Magistriniame darbe nustatytos legiruotųjų konstrukcinių plienų ir jų suvirinimo siūlių medžiagų mechaninių ir deformavimo diagramos charakteristikų A1, α, sT priklausomybės būdingame intervale kambario ir aukštesnėje temperatūroje. Nuosekli statistinė analizė parodė, kad duomenys yra atsitiktiniai, nepriklausomi bei pasiskirstę pagal normalųjį dėsnį, o atlikta tyrimo rezultatų koreliacinė ir regresinė analizė, kad tarp daugumos medžiagų grupių deformavimo diagramos charakteristikų ir modifikuoto plastiškumo kriterijaus egzistuoja reikšmingas tiesinis koreliacinis ryšys. Darbe ciklinėms deformavimo diagramos charakteristikoms pagal mechanines savybes nustatyti, buvo apskaičiuoti analitinių priklausomybių koeficientai, bei patikrintas regresijos lygčių adekvatumas. Nustatant deformavimo diagramos charakteristikų reikšmes nuo modifikuoto plastiškumo kriterijaus nustatytame būdingame intervale gaunami tikslesni rezultatai, nes daugumai skaičiuotų ir eksperimentinių charakteristikų rezultatų sklaida intervaluose yra mažesnė lyginant su bendrų plienų ir jų suvirinimo siūlių medžiagų grupių rezultatų sklaida. Darbe pasiūlyti tiesinės priklausomybės koeficientai nuo modifikuoto plastiškumo kriterijaus, gali būti pritaikyti nustatant preliminarų inžinerijos šakose (energetikoje, naftoje) dirbančių mašinų ilgalaikiškumą, atsižvelgiant į jų eksploatacijos aplinką, darbo temperatūrą, naudojamas medžiagas. Magistrinio darbo tema buvo skaitoma ir aptarta 2013 m. gegužės 15 d. Šiaulių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / In this master thesis alloy structural steels and their weld joint materials cyclic stress–stain curves parameters A1, α, sT dependences on mechanical characteristic in the typical range at room and elevated temperatures are determined. Consistent statistical analysis of experimental results shown, that data is accidental, independence and normal distributed, also correlation - regression analysis shown, that almost for all groups of the materials exists a significant linear correlation between cyclic stress–stain curves parameters and modified plasticity criterion. In this final work, for parameters A1, α, sT from mechanical properties to determine, was calculated analytical dependence coefficients, also regression equations adequacy was verified. Determining value of deformation parameters from modified plasticity criterion in typical range, is better way, because the results is more accurate this is because for almost all computed and experimental characteristics results dispersion in ranges are lower comparing with total groups of alloy steels and their weld joint materials results dispersion. In this master thesis are suggested linear regression coefficients from modified plasticity criterion, which can be used for preliminary evaluation of lifetime for engineering industries machines considering of their operational environment, working temperature and what materials are used for machine‘s construction. Master's thesis has been read and discussed in May 15, 2013 at... [to full text]

Emission regulations for heavy-duty diesel engines are becoming increasingly restrictive to limit the environmental impacts of exhaust gases and particles. Increasing the specific power output of diesel engines would improve fuel efficiency and greatly reduce emissions, but these changes could lead to increased exhaust gas temperature, increasing demands on the exhaust manifold material. This is currently the ferritic ductile cast iron alloy SiMo51, containing about 4 wt% Si and ~1 wt% Mo, which operates close to its fatigue and oxidation resistance limits at peak temperature (750C). To ensure high durability at higher temperatures, three different approaches to improving the life of exhaust manifolds were developed in this thesis. The first approach was to modify SiMo51 by adding different combinations of Cr and Ni to improve its high-temperature strength and oxidation resistance, or by applying a thermal barrier coating (TBC) to reduce the material temperature and thereby improve fatigue life. In the second approach, new materials for engine components, e.g. austenitic ductile iron and cast stainless steel, were investigated for their high-temperature fatigue and oxidation properties. In order to identify the most suitable alloys for this application, in the third the environmental effects of the corrosive diesel exhaust gas on the fatigue life of SiMo51 were investigated. The high-temperature oxidation resistance of SiMo51 at 700 and 800C in air was found to be improved by adding Cr, whereas Ni showed adverse effects. The effects of solid-solution hardening from Ni and precipitation hardening from Cr were low at 700C, with improvements only at lower temperatures. Applying a TBC system, providing thermal protection from a ceramic topcoat and oxidation protection from a metallic bond coat, resulted in only small reductions in material temperature, but according to finite element calculations still effectively improved the fatigue life of a turbo manifold. Possible alternative materials to SiMo51 identified were austenitic cast ductile iron Ni-resistant D5S and austenitic cast stainless steel HK30, which provided high durability of exhaust manifolds up to 800 and 900C, respectively. Corrosion fatigue testing of SiMo51 at 700C in diesel exhaust gas demonstrated that the corrosive gas reduced fatigue life by 30-50% compared with air and by 60-75% compared with an inert environment. The reduced fatigue life was associated with a mechanism whereby the crack tip oxidized, followed by crack growth. Thus another potential benefit of TBC systems is that the bond coat may reduce oxidation interactions and further improve fatigue life. These results can be used for selecting materials for exhaust applications. They also reveal many new research questions for future studies. Combining the different approaches of alloy modification, new material testing and improving the performance using coatings widened the scope of how component life in exhaust manifolds can be improved. Moreover, the findings on environmental interactions on SiMo51 fatigue provide a completely new understanding of these processes in ductile irons, important knowledge when designing components exposed to corrosive environments. The novel facility developed for high-temperature corrosion fatigue testing can be useful to other researchers working in this field. / <p>QC 20150507</p>

[Truncated abstract. Please see pdf format for complete text.] Over the years much work has been done on studying sequence effects under multilevel loading. Yet, the underlying fatigue mechanisms responsible for such interactions are not fully understood. The study of fatigue under complex loading histories begins by investigating strain interaction effects arising from simple 2-step loading sequences. Fatigue for all investigations were conducted under uniaxial push-pull mode in strain-control. Fatigue is traditionally classified as either low or high cycle fatigue (LCF and HCF respectively). The boundary for LCF and HCF is not well-defined even though the fatigue life of LCF is typically dominated by crack “initiation”, while for HCF, fatigue life is usually dominated by stable crack growth. The terms LCF and HCF, apart from referring to the low and high number of fatigue cycles required for failure, also bear little physical meaning in terms of describing the state of fatigue imposed. As a result, conventional definitions of the two distinct regimes of fatigue are challenged and a new method of classifying the boundary between the two regimes of fatigue is proposed. New definitions are proposed and the terms plastically dominant fatigue (PDF) and elastically dominant fatigue (EDF) are introduced as suitable replacements for LCF and HCF respectively. PDF refers to the condition of a material undergoing significant reverse plasticity during cyclic loading, while for EDF, minimal reverse plasticity is experienced. Systematic testing of three materials, 316 L stainless steel, 6061-T6 aluminium alloy and 4340 high strength steel, was performed to fully investigate the cycle ratio trends and “damage” accumulation behaviour which resulted from a variety of loading conditions. Results from this study were carried over to investigate more complex multilevel loading sequences and possible mechanisms for interaction effects observed both under 2-step and multi-step sequences were proposed. Results showed that atypical cycle ratio trends could result from loading sequences which involve combinations of strain amplitudes from different fatigue regimes (i.e. PDF or EDF). Mean strain effects on fatigue life were also studied. The objective of this study was to identify regimes of fatigue which are significantly influenced by mean strains. Results indicated that mean strains affected EDF but not PDF. 2-step tests, similar to those performed in earlier studies were conducted to investigate the effects of mean strain on variable amplitude loading. Again, atypical cycle ratio trends were observed for loading sequences involving combinations of PDF and EDF. It is understood that fatigue crack growth interaction behaviour and mean stress effects are two dominant mechanisms which can be used to explain cycle ratio trends observed. The significance and importance of proper PDF/EDF definition and specification are also stressed. The study of fracture mechanics is an important component of any fatigue research. Fatigue crack growth in 4140 high strength steel CT specimens, under conditions of plane stress and plane strain were studied. In this investigation, the effects of R and overload ratios were also studied for both plane stress and plane strain conditions. Results indicate that differences in the point of crack “initiation” under both plane stress and plane strain conditions decrease with increasing load range, while the extent of crack retardation as a result of overloading, is greater under plane stress than plane strain conditions. The extent of crack growth retardation increases with decreasing R ratios and increasing overload ratios. The final phase of this project involves the proposal of two practical models used to predict cumulative “damage” and fatigue crack propagation in metals. The cumulative “damage” model proposed takes the form of a power law and the exponent which governs “damage” accumulation can easily be calculated by knowing the failure life, Nf, for a given strain or load level. Predictions for the “damage” model performed better when compared to other popular cumulative “damage” models. The second model proposed predicts fatigue crack growth behaviour from known monotonic and smooth specimen fatigue data. There are several benefits of having a model that can predict fatigue crack growth from monotonic and smooth specimen fatigue data: a) traditionally, engineers had to rely on expensive and time-consuming crack propagation tests to evaluate and select materials for maximum fatigue resistance, and b) monotonic and smooth specimen fatigue data are readily available. The crack propagation model is proposed to alleviate the material selection process by providing engineers a means to rapidly eliminate and narrow down selections for possible material candidates.

Dans les générateurs de vapeur des centrales nucléaires à eau pressurisée, les tuyauteries sont soumises à des chargements thermique et mécanique, qui sont variables et divisés en deux régimes différents : la fatigue oligocyclique et la fatigue gigacyclique. Les aciers au carbone – manganèse, type A42, A48 et Tu48 (normes françaises) sont souvent utilisés dans de telles applications. Les propriétés du matériau manifestent certains caractères spéciaux en mécanique et métallurgie comme le vieillissement dynamique conduisant à une augmentation de la valeur de la contrainte maximale et une diminution de la ductilité à la température 200 ℃. Le comportement en fatigue oligocyclique et gigacyclique sont étudiés à température ambiante et 200 ℃. Des essais de fatigue cumulée ont été mis en oeuvre pour étudier l’effet du cumul de dommage combinant des cycles de fatigue oligocyclique suivis de cycles en fatigue gigacyclique. Tous les résultats sont analysés en utilisant la mécanique de l’endommagement des milieux continus et l’analyse microfractographique. Les cycles d’hystérésis en fatigue oligocyclique sont dus à la déformation plastique de durcissement cinématique, ils peuvent être décrits par sous le modèle d’Armstrong – Frederick ; le durcissement isotrope est utile pour prédire l’évolution de l’amplitude de contrainte. Mais avec l’augmentation de la déformation plastique accumulée, le dommage ne peut être négligé. Le modèle de Chaboche d’endommagement par fatigue est utilisé pour décrire l’évolution des dommages oligocyclique et il est étendu au régime gigacyclique. Un modèle de fatigue cumulée des dommages a été développé à partir du modèle de Chaboche et appliqué à l’estimation des dommages de fatigue pour décrire le comportement de l’évolution de la contrainte en fonction du nombre de cycles. En fatigue oligocyclique à la température de 200 ℃, l’acier A48 est sensible au phénomène de vieillissement dynamique et il apparaît un durcissement secondaire, qui peut être prédit par la théorie des dislocations et est simulé dans la thése. L’analyse des surfaces de rupture est effectuée par fractographie au Microscope Electronique à Balayage pour les essais en oligocyclique, gigacyclique et cumul. En fatigue oligocylique, la fissure est initiée en surface. En fatigue gigacyclique, certaines fissures sont initiées sur des inclusions situées à l’intérieur d’éprouvettes. / In steam generators of nuclear power plants, typical pipes components are subjected to thermal and mechanical loading which are variable and divided into two different regimes: low cycle fatigue and gigacycle fatigue. Carbon-manganese steels A42, A48 and Tu48 steels (French standards) are often used in such applications. The material properties manifest some special characters in mechanics and metallurgy such as Dynamic Strain Aging, increasing UTS values in 200℃ temperature domain. The LCF and VHCF behaviors are investigated respectively by test method at room temperature and 200℃. The cumulative fatigue tests are implemented through referencing the load as prior LCF following gigacycle fatigue from the steam generator pipes thermal loads in order to obtain the performance of material under accumulated fatigue damage. All the test results are analyzed by using plastic mechanics, continuums damage mechanics and microscopic analysis. Hysteresis loops are due to plastic deformation in LCF which is the effect of kinematic hardening and they can be described by Armstrong – Frederick form models; the isotropy hardening is used to predict the evolution of stress amplitude in LCF. But with rising of accumulated plastic deformation, the damage can not be neglected. The Chaboche fatigue damage model is applied to describe the damage evolution of LCF and extended to VHCF regime. The cumulative fatigue damage model is extended from Chaboche model and applies to the estimation cumulative fatigue damage. The constitutive relationship and isotropy rule are coupled with fatigue damage model that can describe the whole fatigue behavior. In 200℃ for LCF, A48 is sensitive to dynamic strain aging and its secondary hardening behavior is important which can be predicted by dislocation theory and is simulated in the paper. The fractographic analysis is performed by SEM for LCF, VHCF and cumulative fatigue tests. The LCF crack is initiated in surface. Some of cracks of VHCF are given birth from the inclusions located at interior of sample.

Realizou-se neste trabalho uma investigação comparativa do comportamento dos aços ferramenta H13 e THYROTHERM 2999 EFS SUPRA, destinados à fabricação de matrizes para conformação a quente, quando submetidos à fadiga de baixo ciclo a altas temperaturas (FBCAT). A partir de suas curvas de revenimento, foram definidas três durezas de trabalho para cada material (durezas de 42, 52 e 58 HRC), correspondendo a três temperaturas de revenimento distintas e três condições de estudo, buscando-se a condição ótima apresentada por estes materiais para este tipo de aplicação, visando-se então analisar a influência da dureza inicial do material na vida do componente. Foi determinada também a temperatura de ensaio de fadiga isotérmica, em 400&#176;C, correspondente à temperatura de utilização da matriz, ou seja, uma temperatura crítica típica que a matriz atinge durante a solicitação em trabalho. A seguir foram realizados para cada material os ensaios de tração a temperatura ambiente, e na seqüência, os ensaios de tração na temperatura de trabalho definida, que permitiram a determinação dos primeiros parâmetros monotônicos dos materiais, dentre eles uma previsão para os níveis de deformação a serem utilizados nos ensaios de fadiga (0.5,0.6,0.7,0.8,0.9,1.0 e 1.1%), e demais parâmetros como E, k, n, &#963;e, &#963;&#8217;f, &#949;&#8217;f, b, c, que permitiram a elaboração de curvas &#949;&#8722;N, com um modelo estimativo já existente. Finalmente, foram então realizados os ensaios de fadiga isotérmica de baixo ciclo, à temperatura de 400&#176;C, e os resultados foram utilizados para a elaboração das curvas &#949;&#8722;N, resultando então na proposta de um modelo de previsão de resistência à fadiga específico para os materiais pesquisados. / It was made in this work an investigative comparison of the behavior of the tool steels H13 and THYROTHERM 2999 EFS SUPRA, designed for die steels for hot forming, when exposed to high temperature low cycle fatigue (HTLCF). From their tempering curves three material working hardness were defined for each material (hardness of 42, 52 and 58 HRC), corresponding to three different tempering temperatures, and so three study cases for each material, searching for the best condition for this kind of application, and to assess the influence of the initial hardness on the part material life. The isothermal low cycle fatigue test temperature was either defined at 400&#176;C, corresponding to the used temperature at the die steel, i.e., a critical typical temperature that the forging dies reach on hot working. After that, tensile tests were performed for both materials, at room temperature, and at the working temperature formerly defined, and these tests allowed the definition of the first monotonic parameters for these materials, among them predictions for strain levels (0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0 and 1.1%), to be used on fatigue tests, and further parameters like E, k, n, &#963;e, &#963;&#8217;f, &#949;&#8217;f, b, c, that allowed the elaboration of &#949;&#8722;N curves, based on a still existing prediction model. Finally, isothermal low cycle fatigue tests were performed, at 400&#176;C, and the results were used for &#949;&#8722;N curves elaboration, resulting on a prediction model of the fatigue strength specified for the assessed materials.

Neste trabalho, foram determinadas as propriedades mecânicas de fadiga de baixo e alto ciclo e de tenacidade à fratura JIC de um aço inoxidável austenítico do sistema Cr-Mn-N, utilizado na confecção de colares para perfurações pela indústria de exploração de petróleo. Foi também avaliada a influência da temperatura de serviço nas propriedades mecânicas do aço, que apresentou um decréscimo significativo nos valores dos limites de escoamento e de resistência e do alongamento com o aumento da temperatura. Na temperatura ambiente, os ensaios de fadiga de baixo e alto ciclo foram realizados segundo as normas ASTM E606 e ASTM E466. Em temperaturas superiores, as propriedades de fadiga foram estimadas utilizando alguns métodos atualmente disponíveis, que utilizam somente as propriedades mecânicas de tração. Os resultados obtidos mostraram uma pequena influência da temperatura na vida à fadiga na região de baixo ciclo e uma grande influência na região de alto ciclo. A curva tensão-deformação cíclica do material foi obtida pelo método convencional e pelo método do passo incrementai, que utiliza somente um corpo de prova. Os ensaios de JIC foram realizados nas temperaturas ambiente e 150°C, segundo a norma ASTM E813, utilizando a técnica de variação da flexibilidade elástica. Na temperatura ambiente, foi observada uma grande dispersão nos valores obtidos de JIC, atribuída à presença de uma fase frágil, identificada como precipitados de carbonitretos mistos de ferro, cromo, manganês e nióbio. Foi também observada uma diminuição no valor médio de JIC com o aumento da temperatura. / In the present work, the low and high cycle fatigue and fracture toughness properties of a Cr-Mn-N austenitic stainless steel used for application in drill collars were investigated. Also, the temperarure dependence of the tensile properties was determined, and it was found that the yield strength, ultimate strength and elongation values decrease significantly with the temperature. The low and high cycle fatigue testing were carried out at room temperature according to ASTM E606 and ASTM E466 standards. At high temperarure, the fatigue properties were estimated from monotonic propetties obtained in the tensile testing. The results showed small influence of temperature in the fatigue life in the short-life range and great influence in the long-life range. The cyclic stress-strain curve was obtained by companion specimen tests and incremental step tests methods. The last method showed to be advantageous because only one specimen and short testing time were required. The fracture toughness was detennined at room temperature and at 150°C applying elastic-plastic fracture mechanics concepts. The single specimen elastic compliance technique for crack length determination was employied. At room temperature a great scattering of the JIC values was observed due the presence of the brittle phase identified as a precipitates of carbonitride content Fe, Cr, Mn, Nb elements. Also a decreasing of average value o f the JIC was observed with the increasing of temperature.

O uso das ligas de alumínio em aplicações estruturais tem crescido consideravelmente nas últimas décadas. Nos transportes, a baixa massa específica do alumínio resulta em uma alta razão resistência/ peso, favorecendo a fabricação de aviões, trens e automóveis. Com a crescente preocupação em reduzir a emissão de gases poluentes, vem tornando-se promissora a alternativa de reduzir o peso dos veículos substituindo peças convencionalmente produzidas com outros materiais por peças de alumínio. As ligas tratáveis termicamente da série 6xxx são frequentemente escolhidas para estas aplicações. Assim, para que o emprego dessas ligas seja otimizado, é importante um estudo mais detalhado de suas propriedades mecânicas, principalmente sob solicitações cíclicas. Neste trabalho foram estudadas ligas de Al-Si-Mg que são amplamente utilizadas nas indústrias automotivas, em especial na fabricação de componentes de carroçarias para caminhões e ônibus. Foi realizado o estudo do comportamento em fadiga de baixo ciclo e fadiga multiaxial das ligas AA6005 T6, AA6063 T6 e AA6351 T6, fornecidas pela CBA (Companhia Brasileira de Alumínio) visando caracterizar e comparar essas ligas em sua microestrutura, propriedades de tração e fadiga. As propriedades básicas de fadiga foram determinadas por meio do método &epsilon;-N (fadiga de baixo ciclo) e os ensaios foram realizados com controle de deformação total, onda triangular e taxa de deformação 0,005 seg-1. As análises dos laços de histerese elasto-plástica permitiram inferir sobre aspectos microestruturais relacionados às propriedades mecânicas das ligas estudadas. O comportamento em fadiga multiaxial foi avaliado por meio de carregamentos combinados axial-torcional em fase e fora de fase. Para ajustar os dados experimentais obtidos, foram testados alguns dos modelos encontrados na literatura. Os cálculos baseados no modelo de plano crítico, proposto por Fatemi e Socie, apresentaram resultados satisfatórios. Também foram realizadas análises microestruturais e fractográficas para as três ligas. As superfícies de fratura dos ensaios de fadiga multiaxial mostraram resultados diferentes de acordo com o carregamento adotado. A avaliação comparativa das três ligas estudadas fornece subsídios para fundamentar a seleção de materiais para a fabricação de componentes estruturais para o setor automotivo. / The use of aluminum alloys in structural applications has grown considerably in recent decades. In transportation, the low density of aluminum results in a high strength-to weight ratio, proving attractive for production of aircrafts, trains and automobiles. With a growing concern for the reduction of pollutant gas emissions, aluminum alloys are becoming a promising alternative to diminish vehicle weight through the replacement of conventionally produced parts made from other heavier materials for aluminum parts. The heat treatable alloys from the 6xxx series are often chosen for these applications. Therefore, to optimize the employment of these alloys, a detailed study of their mechanical properties, primary under cyclic solicitations is necessary For the present study Al-Mg-Si alloys were chosen, which are widely used in automotive industries, particularly in the manufacturing of components for trucks and bus bodies. The low-cycle fatigue behavior and multiaxial fatigue of the three following aluminum alloys: AA6005 T6, AA6063 T6 and AA6351 T6, provided by CBA (Brazilian Aluminum Company), were assessed, with the aim of characterizing and comparing these alloys in their microstructure, tensile properties and fatigue. The basic properties of fatigue were studied by &epsilon;-N method (low cycle fatigue) and the experiments were performed with total strain control, triangular waveform and with a constant deformation rate of 5.0x10-3 s-1. The analyses of hysteresis loops elasto-plastic provided insight about microstructural aspects, related to mechanical properties of the studied alloys. Multiaxial fatigue behavior was assessed in combined axial-torsion loading in phase and out of phase. To adjust the experimental data, some models found in the literature were tested. Calculations based on critical plane model, proposed by Fatemi Socie, presented satisfactory results. Furthermore, microstructure analyses and fractography were performed for these three alloys. The fracture surface of multiaxial fatigue assays demonstrated different results according to the adopted loading. Comparative evaluation of the three studied alloys provides support for the selection of materials for manufacturing structural components of the automotive sector.

Para o correto dimensionamento da maioria dos componentes estruturais é necessário informações sobre a resposta do material quando submetido à fadiga de alto e baixo ciclo, bem como conhecer as propriedades monotônicas (não-cíclicas) e cíclicas dos materiais. Na literatura são encontradas amplas divulgações de dados sobre diversos materiais de engenharia (Ex. SAE J1099 Technical Report on Fatigue Properties). Porém, quando se trata de ferro fundido nodular estas informações são limitadas, sendo assim, visa-se neste trabalho caracterizar as propriedades monotônicas e cíclicas destes materiais em complemento aos trabalhos já publicados na literatura e propor métodos para a estimativa destas propriedades a partir da dureza. Faz-se necessário a proposição de métodos estimativos das propriedades mecânicas destes materiais baseados na dureza devido às suas grandes variações que são inerentes ao processo de fundição. Em um mesmo componente podem existir diferentes classes de ferro fundido, que apesar de possuir a mesma composição química, podem apresentar variações nas propriedades mecânicas devido à formação de diferentes estruturas metalúrgicas que são sensíveis às taxas de resfriamento do material que variam de acordo com as características geométricas da peça que está sendo fundida, principalmente a variação da espessura. Neste estudo a determinação das relações entre as propriedades monotônicas e cíclicas dos ferros fundidos nodulares foram obtidas a partir do tratamento dos dados publicados na literatura levando-se em consideração o índice de qualidade. Foi proposto um modelo contínuo com relação à dureza para a estimativa das propriedades monotônicas, do coeficiente de resistência cíclico e do expoente de encruamento cíclico e para a estimativa das propriedades cíclicas que experimentalmente demonstraram não ter correlação com a dureza foi proposto uma forma discreta, que consistiu na recomendação de valores típicos definidas por faixas de dureza. / For the correct design of the most part of structural components is necessary to have information about the material response under both high cycle and low cycle fatigue, as well as the knowledge of monotonic and cyclic materials properties. In literature a major publication of several engineering material data can be found (e.g, SAE J1099 - Technical Report on Fatigue Properties), but regarding to ductile iron this information is quite limited. Therefore, this work aims to characterize the monotonic and cyclic properties of this material in complementing to the available data in the literature and also make a proposition of methods to estimate this properties from hardness. The mechanical properties estimation model from hardness is relevant to take into account the inherent variations of casting process, which for the same chemical composition can be found different grades in a same part. This fact occurs due to the formation of different metallurgical structures that is influenced by cooling ratio which changes accordingly to geometrical characteristic of the part, especially the thickness variation. In this study the determination of the relation between monotonic and cyclic properties from hardness has been determined from literature data processing taking into account the Quality Index. For monotonic properties, the cyclic strength coefficient and the cyclic strain hardening exponent estimation has been proposed a continuous method based on hardness and for the cyclic properties that experimentally showed to remain independent of hardness has been recommended one set of properties for specific hardness ranges.

This master thesis deals with axial dendritic suspension of steam turbine rotor blade. The initial shape of the suspension was design on the basis of available data. There was performed stress-strain analysis of this shape and most dangerous spots were picked. There were made several geometrical changes of the shape of suspension. Their affection on stress-strain responding of the suspension was examined. The best shape was chosen which was used to perform analysis of infinite life according to ASME code and due to loading low cycle fatigue analysis. According to results of low cycle fatigue analysis the maximum loading was established. At the end of this work the further steps were suggested.

This thesis describes design of new circumferential blade attachment on last grade of steam turbine and following stress-strain analysis by FEM with static and cyclic loading. It was created two new design of geometry, which were created based on existing and operating constructional solution of oblique double T blade attachment. It was made stress-strain FEM analysis on original design of blades. Its results served to realize change of construction. Their target was increase load capacity and service life of new types of blade attachment.