No description available.

In this thesis, two key issues regarding M-ary orthogonal signaling systems, namely channel estimation and symbol timing recovery are investigated. Kasami codes, which are also called quasi orthogonal codes, are used for transmission of the information in place of orthogonal waveforms. In order to achieve symbol synchronization, a timing recovery scheme based on the Maximum Likelihood (ML) estimation of timing offset is proposed and the effects of proposed structure over the receiver performance are examined by using computer simulations. Moreover, the receiver performance of M-ary orthogonal signals transmitted over multipath fading channel is investigated. Least Square (LS) approach, based on the transmission of known training sequence, is used to estimate the channel impulse response. In addition to this, frame synchronization is employed at the receiver to extract the timing information by determining the start time of the received symbols. Computer simulations related to the proposed receiver structure are carried out in order to observe how the system performance is affected under multipath fading channel. Parameter selection guides regarding a good performance are also provided.

Les progrès réalisés dans les processus de fabrication ont mené vers un contrôle de plus en plus accru des dimensions et de la composition chimique des nanostructures, permettant l'émergence de nouveaux dispositifs appelés Nanosystèmes ElectroMécaniques ou NEMS. Outre leurs propriétés physiques et leurs caractéristiques fonctionnelles originales, leurs dimensions réduites leurs confèrent un fonctionnement peu coûteux en énergie. Ainsi, l'utilisation de l'environnement de tels dispositifs comme source d'énergie est clairement envisageable. Afin de préserver les avantages liés aux dimensions des NEMS, le système de récupération d'énergie doit aussi présenter un volume réduit. Dans ce contexte, nous étudions le potentiel des nanofils de ZnO comme éléments actifs de micro et nanosystèmes de récupération d'énergie mécanique à travers la mise au point de deux modèles physiques de nanofils. L'originalité de ces deux modèles vient de la prise en compte du couplage entre les propriétés piezoélectriques et les propriétés semiconductrices du ZnO et de ses effets dans la conversion électromécanique de l'énergie. Dans un premier temps, nous avons développé un modèle semi-analytique d'un nanofil en flexion statique. Ce modèle permet la compréhension physique des mécanismes de la conversion de l'énergie. De plus, il met en évidence les effets du couplage piezo-semiconducteur et notamment le phénomène de masquage du potentiel. Dans un deuxième temps, nous proposons un modèle de microgénérateur basé sur un réseau de nanofils de ZnO en compression. Ce modèle utilise une approche de circuit à constantes localisées. Il permet une description dynamique du problème et l'estimation de la puissance fournie par le générateur à une charge externe sous l'effet d'une force mécanique. La formation d'un contact Schottky entre le sommet des nanofils et l'électrode supérieure et son influence sur le comportement électrique du générateur sont prises en compte. Ces deux approches sont complémentaires et sont une aide pour la compréhension physique du fonctionnement des nanofils comme transducteurs électromécaniques et pour l'optimisation des propriétés des nanofils en vue de leur utilisation comme éléments actifs de nano et microgénérateurs. Finalement, nous proposons quelques pistes de réflexions pour la synthèse de nanofils et leur intégration en microsystème ainsi que pour la réalisation et la caractérisation d'un dispositif de récupération d'énergie basé sur un réseau de nanofils.

This study aims to validate a screw joint simulation model used by BAE Systems in LS-DYNA during blast simulations. It is important that the screw joint simulation model is physically correct, since the simulation results can influence major design decisions. The study provides a short overview on the subject of bolts and screws, material deformation and stress and strain in materials, of the finite element method (FEM) and on some specific numerical methods used in this study. BAE Systems started a validation project of the screw joint simulation model in 2015, but it was not finished due to other priorities. In this older project some drop-tower tests measuring the axial force in a screw joint were conducted. These old tests can now serve as validation data for the screw joint simulation model. The screw joint simulation model used by BAE Systems is dependent on a special kind of finite element formulation; a so called beam element. This study provides a finite element analysis on this simulation model, which is implemented through an established industry FEM solver called LS-DYNA. The validation of the screw joint simulation model is done against three drop-tower experiments performed at 900, 1000 and 1100mm drop height respectively. The drop-tower experiments were replicated in LS-DYNA, with a prescribed velocity on the falling parts rather than simulating a free fall and non-elastic impact. A comparison between the simulation model using beam elements, that is used by BAE Systems, and a similar simulation model using solid elements is presented as part of the validation. To make sure that the result of the study is confident, a local mesh convergence study and a study of the mass scaling numerical method in LS-DYNA is also presented. The results show that the screw joint simulation model using beam elements is valid according to the available experimental data. In one of the experiments, where the drop-test was performed twice, an average maximum force on the screw was measured to be 33.5+-4.8 kN. Simulations of the same case, under the same conditions, using beam elements resulted in a maximum force on the screw of 35.4 kN, well within the experimental result range. In the other two drop-tower experiments, the simulated results showed correlation considering the error sources in the simulation model and the statistical spread that is present in the experimental results. The simulation model using beam elements is also similar to the results using solid elements, which also indicates that the beam model is valid. All in all, it is shown that the beam model can be used to produce safe results that either overestimate or place the simulations of the axial force in the screw in the upper spread of the measurements.

In an attempt to improve the quality in finite element analysis of thermoformed components, a method for predicting the thickness distribution is presented. The strain induced anisotropic material behaviour in the amorphous polymers of concern is also taken into account in the method. The method comprises of obtaining raw material data from experiments, followed by a simulation of the vacuum thermoforming process where hyperelastic material behaviour is assumed. The theory of hyperelasticity that was applied was based on the Ogden model and implemented in the FE-software LS-DYNA. Material behaviour from thermoformed prototypes is examined by experiments and implemented together with the mapped results from the thermoforming simulation in a succeeding FE-model. For the latter, the three-parameter Barlat model was suggested, giving the possibility to account for anisotropic material behaviour based on an initial plastic strain.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-03-28T19:29:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 HaulissonJodyBatistaDaCosta_TESE.pdf: 2105364 bytes, checksum: 02ce6394c65e4f1c777677345eac66c6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-03-29T18:57:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 HaulissonJodyBatistaDaCosta_TESE.pdf: 2105364 bytes, checksum: 02ce6394c65e4f1c777677345eac66c6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-29T18:57:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HaulissonJodyBatistaDaCosta_TESE.pdf: 2105364 bytes, checksum: 02ce6394c65e4f1c777677345eac66c6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-22 / A evolu??o da comunica??o sem fio traz suporte a m?ltiplos dispositivos que, simultaneamente, transmitem altas taxas de dados. T?cnicas emergentes de comunica??o LSMIMO permitem explorar o aumento da capacidade para a moderniza??o dos sistemas de transmiss?o. Apesar da pr?pria caracter?stica do canal de multipercurso proporcionar efici?ncia espectral, a complexidade computacional dos m?todos de detec??o LS-MIMO tornam-se proibitivos em sistemas com elevada quantidades de antenas. Procurando aumentar a quantidade de antenas empregadas na detec??o MIMO, este trabalho prop?e adaptar o m?todo iterativo de Richardson ao conceito de matrizes aleat?rias estabelecido por Marchenko-Pastur e ao conceito de execu??o paralela de modo a adequ?-lo ? aplica??o em sistema LS-MIMO. O m?todo iterativo de Richardson exige condi??es para resolu??o linear que restringem sua ampla aplica??o. Contudo, a compreens?o do canal permite estabelecer adapta??es que suprem as exig?ncias do m?todo. Os efeitos do canal conceituados por Marchenko-Pastur permitem modificar o m?todo, atrelando a estabilidade ? quantidade de antenas de maneira que o aumento dessa propor??o contribui tanto para a melhoria da converg?ncia quanto para a redu??o relativa das itera??es. Adicionalmente, a execu??o compartilhada com o m?todo de decodifica??o proporciona uma divis?o de carga de trabalho, de modo a permitir uma taxa de transfer?ncia que supera outros m?todos. Os resultados levantados a partir das an?lises comparativas entre outras propostas de execu??o paralela mostraram de forma in?dita a capacidade de detec??o em larga escala. Ainda, a proposta mostrou um n?vel de adaptabilidade que permite variar a rela??o entre taxa de transfer?ncia de dados e complexidade. Nesse sentido, o m?todo mostrou que com taxas de transmiss?o equipar?veis com outras propostas permite aumentar seu desempenho em 150% abdicando 1,75 dB da rela??o sinal ru?do. Baseando-se nessa abordagem, o sistema mostra um desempenho superior as outras estrat?gias executadas em GPU que apontam um incremento significativo na capacidade de transmiss?o paralela. A proposta, tamb?m, mostra aspectos escal?veis que permitem alcan?ar um desempenho na ordem de Gb=s pela inser??o de outros dispositivos (GPUs) operando paralelamente no sistema. / The evolution of wireless communications must support multiples devices and maintain high-speed data transmission. The emerging Large-Scale MIMO techniques allows improving the capacity for the next generations of communications systems. Although the benefit of multipath involves the spectral efficiency, the computational complexity of LS-MIMO detection becomes prohibitive in large systems. Seeking to overcome it, we propose to adapt the Richardson iterative method to the LS-MIMO with random matrices theory by concepts of Marchenko-Pastur and parallel executions. This method requires restricted conditions for the linear resolution that limits its applications. However, the channel knowledge allows establishing adaptations that supply the requirements of the method. The channel effect explained by Marchenko-Pastur allows associating the stability of the process with an increase in the numbers of antennas that contributed to improved the convergence and reduction the iterations. Furthermore, the shared execution with decoding blocks provide a workload distribution that surpasses the throughput of others detections. The results achieved from the comparative analysis of other proposals showed an unprecedented way to increase capability on the large scale detection and provides an efficient parallel processing. Also, the proposal demonstrated a level of adaptability that allows diversifying the association between transmission rate and complexity. Therefore, the implementation of Richardson detection establishes that the transmission rate is comparable with other projects and the increasing of 1.74dB SNR improve 150% at throughput. Based on this approach, the execution shows a significant increase in parallel transmission capacity when implemented on GPU. Also, the implementation shows scalable aspects that allow increasing the performance to Gb/s by insertion of others parallels devices (GPUs) in the system.

No description available.

This master thesis is aimed at computational modeling of ballistic resistant layered laminate. The introductory sections of the thesis are aimed at understanding the individual topics that are closely related to the interaction of the projectile and target and computational modeling of this process. The main goal of this thesis was to create a computational model that is able to reflect the behavior of aramid fabric during the interaction with the projectile. During the development of the computational model were used more methods of modeling and also more material models were used. For the purposes of the development of the computational model were used the available data of the companies SVS FEM s.r.o. and VVÚ s.p. The outcome of the diploma thesis is a computational model of aramid fabric which is designed for ballistic protection simulations. This model is validated on the basis of available experiments. The validated computational model is then applied to the simulation of ballistic protection.

The increased use of thermoplastics in load carrying components, especially in the automotive industry, drives the needs for a better understanding of its complex mechanical properties. In this thesis work for a master degree in solid mechanics, the mechanical properties of a PA 6/66 resin with and without reinforcement of glass fibers experimentally been investigated. Topics of interest have been the dependency of fiber orientation, residual strains at unloading and compression relative tension properties. The experimental investigation was followed by simulations implementing existing and available constitutive models in the commercial finite element code LS-DYNA. The experimental findings showed that the orientation of the fibers significantly affects the mechanical properties. The ultimate tensile strength differed approximately 50% between along and cross flow direction and the cross-flow properties are closer to the ones of the unfilled resin, i.e. the matrix material. An elastic-plastic model with Hill’s yield criterion was used to capture the anisotropy in a simulation of the tensile test. Residual strains were measured during strain recovery from different load levels and the experimental findings were implemented in an elastic-plastic damage model to predict the permanent strains after unloading. Compression tests showed that a stiffer response is obtained for strains above 3% in comparison to tension. The increased stiffness in compression is although too small to significantly influence a simulation of a 3 point bend test using a material model dependent of the hydrostatic stress.

In this report the regular finite differences method (FDM) and a least-squares radial basis function-generated finite differences method (RBF-FD-LS) is used to solve the two-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equations for the lid driven cavity problem. The Navier-Stokes equations is solved using stream function-vorticity formulation. The purpose of the report is to compare FDM and RBF-FD-LS with respect to accuracy and computational cost. Both methods were implemented in MATLAB and the problem was solved for Reynolds numbers equal to 100, 400 and 1000. In the report we present the solutions obtained as well as the results from the comparison. The results are discussed and conclusions are drawn. We came to the conclusion that RBF-FD-LS is more accurate when the stepsize of the grids used is held constant, while RBF-FD-LS costs more than FDM for similar accuracy.