Este trabalho apresenta dois modelos baseados em análise compartimental: modelo Animal e modelo Humano, usando imagens obtidas com mini gama câmera e dados de pacientes (obtidos da literatura) para a determinação das constantes cinéticas na biodistribuição do 177Lu-DOTATATO para três espécies animais (rato Wistar, hamster armênio e hamster sírio) e para o Humano. Os estudos de biodistribuição consideraram duas fases: a Fase 1, governada pela transferência do sangue para os órgãos e a Fase 2 governada pela excreção renal. As constantes cinéticas calculadas a partir dos dados obtidos com os animais foram usadas para a construção de escalas alométricas para prever a biodistribuição do radiofármaco 177Lu-DOTATATO empregando relações de massa, metabolismo, longevidade e parâmetros fisiológicos. Os resultados de extrapolação foram comparados com resultados calculados diretamente para os pacientes de PRRT (Peptide Receptor Radiotherapy) usando o modelo Humano. As constantes cinéticas calculadas a partir dos dados obtidos com humanos foram usadas para estimativa de dose em pacientes de PRRT considerando 26 órgãos e tecidos considerados pelo método MIRD. Os resultados de dosimetria foram concordantes com aqueles disponíveis na literatura. Para a Fase 1, as relações alométricas para as constantes cinéticas dos principais órgãos envolvidos no metabolismo e excreção do 177Lu-DOTATATO - fígado, rins e bexiga - mostraram boa correlação na projeção por massa, por metabolismo e por parâmetros fisiológicos. Para a Fase 2, apenas as constantes do sangue para os rins e do sangue para o fígado apresentaram boa correlação. Considerando o efeito de bloqueio da excreção renal pelo uso de anestésico, não se justificam tempos de medição maiores que 40 minutos para estudos in vivo, em pequenos animais. Dessa maneira, os resultados obtidos com as medições da Fase 1 da biodistribuição do 177Lu-DOTATATO em animais se apresentam como suficientes para estabelecer relações alométricas para estimativa de dose em pacientes submetidos à PRRT. / This work proposes two models based in compartimental analyses: Animal model and Human model, using images from gamma camera measurements to determinate the kinetic constants of the 177Lu-DOTATATE to three animal species (rat Wistar, Armenian hamster and Syrian hamster) and to the human in biodistridution studies split in two phases: Phase 1 governed by uptake from the blood and Phase 2 governed by the real excretion. The kinetic constants obtained from the animals data were used to build allometric scaling to predict radiopharmaceutical biodistribution in the human employing relations by mass, metabolism, by life span and by physiological parameters. These extrapolation results were compared with the PRRT (Peptide receptor radiotherapy) patients kinetic data calculated using the Human model. The kinetic constants obtained from humans were used in dose assessment to PRRT patients considering MIRD 26 organs and tissues. Dosimetry results were in agreement with available results from literature. For the Phase 1 allometric scaling from kinetic data from the blood to the organs straight responsible for the 177Lu-DOTATATO metabolism and excretion - liver, kidneys and urinary bladder -show good correlation in the scaling by mass, metabolism and physiological and parameters. For the Phase 2, only the kinetic data from blood to the liver and to the kidneys show good correlation. Based in the anaesthetics inhibitory action over the renal excretion, there is not empirical basis to allow measurement times over 40 minutes in in vivo studies with small animals. Consequently, the Phase 1 results seem enough to make allometric scaling to assessment dose in PRRT.

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No description available.

The procedure for milling micrometre scale cantilevers of lutetium iron garnet using a focused ion beam microscope was developed. The infrastructure to study these cantilevers using rotational hysteresis loops and ferromagnetic resonance experiments was set up. The cantilevers were shown to remain magnetic after milling, and the origin of their hysteresis loops investigated with a variant of the Stoner-Wohlfarth model. Ferromagnetic resonance in the cantilevers was demonstrated as the first step towards studying magnetomechanical coupling.

Lutetium oxide doped with europium (Lu2O3:Eu3+) has been established as a promising scintillator material with properties that are advantageous when compared to other scintillators such as cesium iodide doped with thallium (CsI:Tl). Due to high X-ray attenuation characteristics, Lu2O3:Eu3+ is an attractive material for use in high resolution digital X-ray imaging systems. However, challenges still remain especially in the area of light output for Lu2O3:Eu3+. Processing by physical vapor deposition (PVD) and manipulation of oxygen defect structure was explored in order to better understand the effect on the scintillation phenomena. PVD results were obtained using high temperature radio frequency sputtering (RF) and pulsed laser deposition (PLD) systems. Characterization of light output by radial noise power spectrum density measurements revealed that high temperature RF films were superior to those obtained using PLD. Optimization of sputtered films based on light output over a range of process parameters, namely temperature, power, pressure, and substrate orientation was investigated. Parameterization of deposition conditions revealed that: 75 watts, 10.00 mtorr, and 800°C were optimum conditions for Lu2O3:Eu3+ films. Manipulation of anionic defect structure in similar material systems has been shown to improve scintillation response. Similar methods for Lu2O3:Eu3+ were explored for hot pressed samples of Lu2O3:Eu3+; via controlled atmosphere annealing, and use of extrinsic co-doping with calcium. The controlled atmosphere experiments established the importance of oxygen defect structure within Lu2O3:Eu3+ and showed that fully oxidized samples were preferred for light output. The second method utilized co-doping by the addition of calcium which induced oxygen vacancies and by Frenkel equilibrium changed the oxygen interstitial population within the Lu2O3:Eu3+ structure. The addition of calcium was investigated and revealed that scintillation was improved with a maximum response occurring at 340ppm of calcium. PVD optimization and co-doping experimental results provided a template for the use of calcium co-doped Lu2O3:Eu3+ targets for deposition of films. Preliminary deposition results were promising and revealed that small additions (around 550 ppm) of calcium resulted in better activator efficiency. Calcium co-doped films have a predicted increase in the light yield greater than 14% when compared to analogous un-doped Lu2O3:Eu3+ films at 60keV.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:26:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:09:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2015-10-28T11:15:14Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-28T11:15:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Tese (Doutorado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP