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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Chronic Inflammation-Driven Tumor Promotion Asociated with CD8+ T Cells

Ng, Bernice Yu Jing 09 April 2008 (has links)
Chronic inflammation is associated with carcinoma development in several clinical settings, and we sought to investigate the role of T cells in this phenomenon using the DMBA/TPA two-stage chemical carcinogenesis protocol. We demonstrate that, paradoxical to models of immunosurveillance, wild-type (WT) mice have a markedly higher rate of tumor formation relative to strains lacking CD8+ T cells. Adoptive transfers of antibody-coated magnetic bead-enriched peripheral CD8+ T cells into TCRáâ-/- mice confirmed that the increased mean tumor area and progression to carcinoma was attributable to the presence of CD8+ T cells. All analyzed strains of mice in which the CD8 compartment was intact (WT, CD4-/-) showed significant increases in tumor susceptibility. Putative tumor-promoting (T-pro) cells (TCRáâ+CD8+CD44+CD62L- tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, TILs) were directly compared to their phenotypic equivalents in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs). In WT and CD4-deficient mice, CD8+ TILs consistently revealed a markedly higher relative expression, by RT-PCR, of IFNã, TNFá and COX-2, and a striking decrease in expression of perforin. Cytokine-bead analysis (CBA) comparison of CD8+ and CD4+ TIL in tumors from WT mice confirmed the increased expression by the CD8+ TIL of IFNã and TNFá. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of increased carcinogenesis attributable to CD8+ TILs, characterized by their high IFNã, TNFá, and COX-2 production and defective perforin production relative to phenotypically equivalent PBLs. These studies may have mechanistic implications for the role of T cells in inflammation-associated carcinogenesis.
2

A link between TGF[beta] and intraepithelial tumor inflitrating lymphocytes in microsatellite instability-high colorectal cancer /

Baker, Kristi Dorothy. January 2007 (has links)
No description available.
3

Identificação de subtipos moleculares baseada  no perfil imunoistoquímico de carcinomas mamários triplo-negativos em mulheres com idade até 45 anos e sua distribuição nas diferentes regiões geográficas do Brasil / Identification of molecular subtypes based on immunohistochemical profile of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBCs) in women aged up to 45 years and its distribution in different geographical regions of Brazil

Oku, Sergio Mitsuo Masili 13 June 2016 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: Carcinomas mamários triplo-negativos correspondem ao grupo heterogêneo de neoplasias mamárias caracterizadas pela ausência de expressão dos receptores de estrogênio e progesterona e sem amplificação ou superexpressão do HER2. São mais prevalentes em mulheres jovens e em afrodescendentes. Eles se associam frequentemente ao fenótipo basal-símile determinado geneticamente, entretanto, incluem também outros tipos moleculares intrínsecos. Metodologias de análise genética de novas gerações têm permitido sua estratificação em subgrupos distintos, o que justifica a heterogeneidade clínica deste grupo de neoplasias. A identificação desses subgrupos através de marcadores imunoistoquímicos de aplicação prática ainda é pouco explorada, embora seja uma ferramenta promissora na sua estratificação e determinação de alvos terapêuticos. OBJETIVOS: Nosso objetivo é explorar os perfis imunoistoquímicos dos carcinomas mamários triplo-negativos em mulheres com idade até 45 anos e investigar possíveis diferenças entre as cinco regiões geográficas brasileiras. MÉTODOS: Selecionamos 118 amostras de tumores de pacientes com idade até 45 anos, com carcinoma invasivo, blocos de parafina disponíveis e perfil imunoistoquímico triplo-negativo, procedentes das cinco regiões geográficas. Estes casos foram revisados quanto à determinação de tipo e grau histológico e as seguintes características anatomopatológicas: contorno do tumor, presença e fração do componente \"in situ\", embolização vascular peritumoral, tipo e grau da reação estromal, presença de necrose tumoral e formação de túbulos pela neoplasia. Foram selecionadas áreas representativas do tumor para construção de blocos de microarranjos de tecido para estudo imunoistoquímico. Foram pesquisados os seguintes marcadores: citoqueratinas basais 5/6 e 14, citoqueratinas luminais 8 e 18, receptor do fator de crescimento epidérmico (EGFR ou HER1), receptor de androgênio, e-caderina, catenina-beta, claudinas 3, 4 e 7, vimentina, actina de músculo liso, p63, ALDH1 e Ki-67. De acordo com a expressão dos marcadores, os tumores foram classificados nos subgrupos basal-símile (expressão de citoqueratina basal 5/6 e/ou EGFR-positivo), claudina-baixo (claudinas e e-caderina-negativos), mesenquimal (vimentina-positivo), apócrino (receptor de androgênio-positivo), mioepitelial (p63 ou actina de músculo liso positivos), com perfil de células tronco (ALDH1 positivo), ou indefinido (padrões negativo para todos os marcadores). Nestes subtipos, a atividade proliferativa foi analisada através da expressão de Ki-67. As neoplasias provenientes das cinco regiões geográficas foram comparadas quanto às características histológicas e perfis imunoistoquímicos. RESULTADOS: A idade das pacientes variou de 26 anos a 45 anos ( média 38,3 +/-4,9 e mediana de 39 anos ). O tipo histológico mais frequente foi o carcinoma de tipo histológico não especial (107/118 casos; 90,7%). Observamos maior proporção de carcinomas de alto grau nas regiões nordeste, sul e sudeste. Os marcadores imunoistoquímicos não mostraram diferenças nas frequências entre as diferentes regiões geográficas. Observamos baixa atividade proliferativa determinada pela expressão do Ki-67 nos subgrupos com expressão do receptor de androgênio (apócrino) e sem expressão de vimentina (padrão não mesenquimal). Os tumores da região Nordeste, Sul e Sudeste apresentaram maior atividade proliferativa. Tumores ricos em linfócitos intratumorais apresentaram menor expressão de marcadores basais e do perfil basal-símile. CONCLUSÕES: Os subtipos moleculares determinados através da expressão imunoistoquímica não mostraram diferenças nas frequências entre as diferentes regiões geográficas. Os tumores das regiões Nordeste, Sul e Sudeste apresentaram maior atividade proliferativa. Os carcinomas ricos em linfócitos intratumorais apresentaram frequência menor do perfil basal / BACKGROUND: Triple-negative breast carcinomas (TNBC) correspond to a heterogeneous group of neoplasia characterized by the lack of expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors, and by the absence of amplification or overexpression of HER2. They are more prevalent among African descendants and younger women. They are often associated with the basal-like genetic phenotype; however, other intrinsic molecular types are included. Genomic analyses of next-generation methods have allowed stratification of TN breast carcinomas into distinct subgroups, explaining the clinical heterogeneity of this group of neoplasias. The identification of these subgroups by immunohistochemical markers is not well explored, although it represents a potential useful tool for the stratification and determination of therapeutic targets. OBJECTIVES: Our aim is to explore the TNBC immunohistochemical profile in patients of 45 year-old or younger, and to investigate possible differences among the five Brazilian geographic regions. METHODS: We\'ve selected 118 samples of tumors from patients up to 45 years-old from five Brazilian geographic regions, with invasive carcinoma, available paraffin blocks, and triple-negative immunohistochemical profile. All the cases were reviewed as for determination of histologic type and grading, and the following pathological features: tumor contour, presence and percentage of in situ component, peritumoral vascular embolization, type and grade of stromal reaction, presence of tumoral necrosis, and tubule formation by neoplasia. Representative tumor areas were selected for tissue microarray construction for immunohistochemical study. The following markers were studied: Basal cytokeratins 5/6 and 14; luminal cytokeratins 8 and 18; Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR or HER1); androgen receptor; e-cadherin; catenin-beta; claudins (3,4 and 7); vimentin; smooth-muscle actin; p63, ALDH1, and Ki-67. According to the expression of the markers, the tumors were grouped in the basal-like subgroups (basal cytokeratins 5/6 and/or EGFR positive), claudin-low (claudins and/or e-cadherin negative), mesenchymal (vimentin-positive), apocrine (androgen receptor positive), myoepithelial (p63 and/or smooth muscle actin positive), stem-cell (ALDH1-positive), or undefined (negative for all markers). In these subtypes the proliferative activity through the Ki-67 expression was analyzed. Neoplasias from the five regions were compared as for histological characteristics and immunohistochemical profiles. RESULTS: The age of patients ranged from 26 years to 45 years (mean 38.3 +/- 4.9 and median of 39 years). The most common histological type was no special histological type (NST) of carcinoma (107/118 cases, 90.7%). We observed a higher proportion of high-grade carcinomas in the regions Northeast, South and Southeast. Compared to the Midwestern and Northern regions there was no statistically significant difference (p = 0.03). The immunohistochemical markers showed no differences in the frequencies between the different geographical regions. We observed low proliferative activity determined by Ki-67 expression in the subgroups with androgen receptor expression (apocrine) and no expression of vimentin (no mesenchymal pattern). Tumors of the Northeast, South and Southeast have higher proliferative activity. There was a lower frequency of immunohistochemical markers associated with basal molecular type between tumors rich in lymphocytes. CONCLUSIONS: The molecular subtypes determined by immunohistochemical expression have shown no differences in the frequencies among the different geographical regions. Tumors in the Northeast, South and Southeast had higher proliferative activity. Carcinomas rich in intratumoral lymphocytes had lower frequency of basal profile
4

Identificação de subtipos moleculares baseada  no perfil imunoistoquímico de carcinomas mamários triplo-negativos em mulheres com idade até 45 anos e sua distribuição nas diferentes regiões geográficas do Brasil / Identification of molecular subtypes based on immunohistochemical profile of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBCs) in women aged up to 45 years and its distribution in different geographical regions of Brazil

Sergio Mitsuo Masili Oku 13 June 2016 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: Carcinomas mamários triplo-negativos correspondem ao grupo heterogêneo de neoplasias mamárias caracterizadas pela ausência de expressão dos receptores de estrogênio e progesterona e sem amplificação ou superexpressão do HER2. São mais prevalentes em mulheres jovens e em afrodescendentes. Eles se associam frequentemente ao fenótipo basal-símile determinado geneticamente, entretanto, incluem também outros tipos moleculares intrínsecos. Metodologias de análise genética de novas gerações têm permitido sua estratificação em subgrupos distintos, o que justifica a heterogeneidade clínica deste grupo de neoplasias. A identificação desses subgrupos através de marcadores imunoistoquímicos de aplicação prática ainda é pouco explorada, embora seja uma ferramenta promissora na sua estratificação e determinação de alvos terapêuticos. OBJETIVOS: Nosso objetivo é explorar os perfis imunoistoquímicos dos carcinomas mamários triplo-negativos em mulheres com idade até 45 anos e investigar possíveis diferenças entre as cinco regiões geográficas brasileiras. MÉTODOS: Selecionamos 118 amostras de tumores de pacientes com idade até 45 anos, com carcinoma invasivo, blocos de parafina disponíveis e perfil imunoistoquímico triplo-negativo, procedentes das cinco regiões geográficas. Estes casos foram revisados quanto à determinação de tipo e grau histológico e as seguintes características anatomopatológicas: contorno do tumor, presença e fração do componente \"in situ\", embolização vascular peritumoral, tipo e grau da reação estromal, presença de necrose tumoral e formação de túbulos pela neoplasia. Foram selecionadas áreas representativas do tumor para construção de blocos de microarranjos de tecido para estudo imunoistoquímico. Foram pesquisados os seguintes marcadores: citoqueratinas basais 5/6 e 14, citoqueratinas luminais 8 e 18, receptor do fator de crescimento epidérmico (EGFR ou HER1), receptor de androgênio, e-caderina, catenina-beta, claudinas 3, 4 e 7, vimentina, actina de músculo liso, p63, ALDH1 e Ki-67. De acordo com a expressão dos marcadores, os tumores foram classificados nos subgrupos basal-símile (expressão de citoqueratina basal 5/6 e/ou EGFR-positivo), claudina-baixo (claudinas e e-caderina-negativos), mesenquimal (vimentina-positivo), apócrino (receptor de androgênio-positivo), mioepitelial (p63 ou actina de músculo liso positivos), com perfil de células tronco (ALDH1 positivo), ou indefinido (padrões negativo para todos os marcadores). Nestes subtipos, a atividade proliferativa foi analisada através da expressão de Ki-67. As neoplasias provenientes das cinco regiões geográficas foram comparadas quanto às características histológicas e perfis imunoistoquímicos. RESULTADOS: A idade das pacientes variou de 26 anos a 45 anos ( média 38,3 +/-4,9 e mediana de 39 anos ). O tipo histológico mais frequente foi o carcinoma de tipo histológico não especial (107/118 casos; 90,7%). Observamos maior proporção de carcinomas de alto grau nas regiões nordeste, sul e sudeste. Os marcadores imunoistoquímicos não mostraram diferenças nas frequências entre as diferentes regiões geográficas. Observamos baixa atividade proliferativa determinada pela expressão do Ki-67 nos subgrupos com expressão do receptor de androgênio (apócrino) e sem expressão de vimentina (padrão não mesenquimal). Os tumores da região Nordeste, Sul e Sudeste apresentaram maior atividade proliferativa. Tumores ricos em linfócitos intratumorais apresentaram menor expressão de marcadores basais e do perfil basal-símile. CONCLUSÕES: Os subtipos moleculares determinados através da expressão imunoistoquímica não mostraram diferenças nas frequências entre as diferentes regiões geográficas. Os tumores das regiões Nordeste, Sul e Sudeste apresentaram maior atividade proliferativa. Os carcinomas ricos em linfócitos intratumorais apresentaram frequência menor do perfil basal / BACKGROUND: Triple-negative breast carcinomas (TNBC) correspond to a heterogeneous group of neoplasia characterized by the lack of expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors, and by the absence of amplification or overexpression of HER2. They are more prevalent among African descendants and younger women. They are often associated with the basal-like genetic phenotype; however, other intrinsic molecular types are included. Genomic analyses of next-generation methods have allowed stratification of TN breast carcinomas into distinct subgroups, explaining the clinical heterogeneity of this group of neoplasias. The identification of these subgroups by immunohistochemical markers is not well explored, although it represents a potential useful tool for the stratification and determination of therapeutic targets. OBJECTIVES: Our aim is to explore the TNBC immunohistochemical profile in patients of 45 year-old or younger, and to investigate possible differences among the five Brazilian geographic regions. METHODS: We\'ve selected 118 samples of tumors from patients up to 45 years-old from five Brazilian geographic regions, with invasive carcinoma, available paraffin blocks, and triple-negative immunohistochemical profile. All the cases were reviewed as for determination of histologic type and grading, and the following pathological features: tumor contour, presence and percentage of in situ component, peritumoral vascular embolization, type and grade of stromal reaction, presence of tumoral necrosis, and tubule formation by neoplasia. Representative tumor areas were selected for tissue microarray construction for immunohistochemical study. The following markers were studied: Basal cytokeratins 5/6 and 14; luminal cytokeratins 8 and 18; Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR or HER1); androgen receptor; e-cadherin; catenin-beta; claudins (3,4 and 7); vimentin; smooth-muscle actin; p63, ALDH1, and Ki-67. According to the expression of the markers, the tumors were grouped in the basal-like subgroups (basal cytokeratins 5/6 and/or EGFR positive), claudin-low (claudins and/or e-cadherin negative), mesenchymal (vimentin-positive), apocrine (androgen receptor positive), myoepithelial (p63 and/or smooth muscle actin positive), stem-cell (ALDH1-positive), or undefined (negative for all markers). In these subtypes the proliferative activity through the Ki-67 expression was analyzed. Neoplasias from the five regions were compared as for histological characteristics and immunohistochemical profiles. RESULTS: The age of patients ranged from 26 years to 45 years (mean 38.3 +/- 4.9 and median of 39 years). The most common histological type was no special histological type (NST) of carcinoma (107/118 cases, 90.7%). We observed a higher proportion of high-grade carcinomas in the regions Northeast, South and Southeast. Compared to the Midwestern and Northern regions there was no statistically significant difference (p = 0.03). The immunohistochemical markers showed no differences in the frequencies between the different geographical regions. We observed low proliferative activity determined by Ki-67 expression in the subgroups with androgen receptor expression (apocrine) and no expression of vimentin (no mesenchymal pattern). Tumors of the Northeast, South and Southeast have higher proliferative activity. There was a lower frequency of immunohistochemical markers associated with basal molecular type between tumors rich in lymphocytes. CONCLUSIONS: The molecular subtypes determined by immunohistochemical expression have shown no differences in the frequencies among the different geographical regions. Tumors in the Northeast, South and Southeast had higher proliferative activity. Carcinomas rich in intratumoral lymphocytes had lower frequency of basal profile
5

Klinička vrednost određivanja prisustva tumor infiltrišućih limfocita u bolesnica sa karcinomom dojke / The clinical value of determining the presence of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in patients with breast cancer

Kolarov Bjelobrk Ivana 07 March 2016 (has links)
<p>UVOD: Glavni problem u lečenju karcinoma dojke je kako na osnovu kliničke klasifikacije i morfolo&scaron;kih osobina tumora predvideti njegovo dalje pona&scaron;anje. Vrlo često ni kombinacija standardnih prognostičkih faktora ne daje odgovor o potrebi davanja adjuvantne hemioterapije. U cilju sprovođenja adekvatne dalje terapije karcinoma dojke i otkrivanja agresivnih tipova tumora, a nakon hirur&scaron;kog lečenja, postoji stalna potreba za pronalaženjem novih pokazatelja pomoću kojih bi se identifikovale bolesnice koje imaju povećan rizik od razvoja relapsa bolesti. CILJEVI: Ciljevi su bili da se utvrdi prisustvo, lokalizacija i distribucija tumor infiltri&scaron;ućih limfocita, kako ukupnih, tako i CD4+ i CD8+ T limfocita u tumoru dojke, njihova povezanost sa standardnim prognostičkim parametrima, kao i njihov prognostički značaj tj. razlike u nivou infiltracije limfocita u tumoru u odnosu na pojavu relapsa bolesti i dužinu preživljavanja. METOD: Istraživanjem je obuhvaćeno 120 bolesnica sa invazivnim duktalnim karcinomom, sa tumorom lokalizovanim samo u dojci, bez zahvatanja kože i grudnog mi&scaron;ića, sa veličinom tumora do 5 cm, bez udaljenih visceralnih i ko&scaron;tanih metastaza, koje su operisane u Institutu za onkologiju Vojvodine. U istraživanje su uključene bolesnice bez metastaza u limfnim čvorovima pazu&scaron;ne jame i bolesnice sa metastazama u limfnim čvorovima pazu&scaron;ne jame. Istraživanjem nisu obuhvaćene bolesnice koje su primale neoadjuvantnu (preoperativnu) hemioterapiju, kao ni bolesnice sa multifokalnim i multicentričnim tumorima. REZULTATI: Gust limfocitni infiltrat uočen je u 14% tumora dojke, umeren limfocitni infiltrat uočen je u 38%, a oskudan u 43% tumora dojke. Limfocitni infiltrat nije uočen u 5% tumora. Gust infiltrat CD4+ limfocita uočen je u 8% tumora dojke, umeren u 44%, a oskudan u 43% tumora dojke. CD4+ limfociti nisu uočeni u 5% tumora. Gust infiltrat CD8+ limfocita uočen je u 1% tumora dojke, umeren u 23%, a oskudan u 66% tumora dojke. CD8+ limfociti nisu uočeni u 10% tumora. Utvrđena je pozitivna povezanost između nivoa TIL-a i CD4+ limfocita i veličine tumora, histolo&scaron;kog stepena diferentovanosti tumora, prisustva metastaza u limfnim čvorovima pazu&scaron;ne jame, HER-2 statusa, tripl negativnog tumora i relapsa bolesti. Utvrđena je negativna povezanost između nivoa TIL-a i CD4+ limfocita i estrogen i progesteron receptora, kao i godina starosti. Utvrđena je pozitivna povezanost između nivoa CD8+ limfocita i histolo&scaron;kog gradusa tumora, kao i HER-2 statusa. Utvrđena je negativna povezanost između nivoa CD8+ limfocita i estrogen i progesteron receptora, kao i godina starosti. ZAKLJUČAK:Rezultati ovog istraživanja pokazuju povezanost tumor infiltri&scaron;ućih limfocita i CD4+ limfocita sa brojnim negativnim prognostičkim faktorima, te kraćim vremenom slobodnog intervala bez bolesti, &scaron;to sve ukazuje na to da su tumor infiltri&scaron;ući limfociti kao i CD4+ limfociti lo&scaron; prognostički faktor kod bolesnica sa rakom dojke.</p> / <p>INTRODUCTION: The main problem in the treatment of breast cancer that based on clinical classification and morphological characteristics of the tumor to predict its future behavior. Very often, not a combination of standard prognostic factors does not answer the need of giving adjuvant chemotherapy. In order to implement adequate further treatment of breast cancer and detection aggressive types of tumor, after surgical treatment, there is a constant need to find new indicators by which we can identify patients who have an increased risk of relapse. OBJECTIVES: The objectives were to determine the presence, localization and distribution of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, in total, as well as CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in breast cancer, their correlation with standard prognostic parameters, as well as their prognostic value i.e. differences in the level of infiltration of lymphocytes in a tumor in relation to the occurrence of disease relapse and survival. METHOD: The study included 120 patients with invasive ductal carcinoma, tumor localized only in the breast without involvement of the skin and pectoral muscle, the size of tumors up to 5 cm without distant visceral and bone metastases, which are operated at the Institute of Oncology. The study included patients without metastases in axillary lymph nodes and patients with metastases in axillary lymph nodes. The research not covered by patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy, or patients with multifocal and multicentric tumors. RESULTS: The high amount of lymphocytic infiltrate was observed in the 14% a breast tumor, a moderate amount of lymphocytic infiltrate was observed in 38%, and the low in 43% breast tumors. Lymphocytic infiltrate was not observed in 5% of the tumor. High CD4+ lymphocyte infiltration was observed in 8% of breast, moderate in 44%, and the low in 43% of breast tumors. CD4+ lymphocytes were not observed in 5% tumors. High infiltration of CD8+ lymphocytes was observed in 1% of breast, moderate in 23%, and the low 66% breast tumors. CD8+ lymphocytes have not been observed in 10% tumors. There is a positive correlation between the level of TIL and CD4+ lymphocytes and tumor size, histological grade of tumor differentiation, presence of metastases in axillary lymph nodes, HER-2 status, triple negative tumors and relapses of disease. There was a negative correlation between the level of TIL and CD4+ cell counts and estrogen and progesterone receptors, as well as age. There is a positive correlation between the level of CD8+ cells and histological grade of the tumor, and HER-2 status. There was a negative correlation between the level of CD8+ lymphocytes and estrogen and progesterone receptors, as well as age. CONCLUSION: The results of this study demonstrate the association between tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and CD4+ lymphocytes with a number of negative prognostic factors, and shorter free interval without the disease, all of which indicates that the tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and CD4+ lymphocytes bad prognostic factor in patients with breast cancer.</p>

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