Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2007. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

GÓES , Alan Eduardo dos Santos. O cinema nos filmes de David Lynch: uma análise sobre a reflexividade e mise en abyme em Mulholland Drive e Inland Empire. 2016. 154f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Comunicação, Fortaleza (CE), 2016. / Submitted by Gustavo Daher (gdaherufc@hotmail.com) on 2017-02-08T14:13:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_aesgoes.pdf: 13267754 bytes, checksum: e316ec7dca161b11554b762c35da5509 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-02-09T10:51:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_aesgoes.pdf: 13267754 bytes, checksum: e316ec7dca161b11554b762c35da5509 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-09T10:51:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_aesgoes.pdf: 13267754 bytes, checksum: e316ec7dca161b11554b762c35da5509 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / This study aims to analyze the agency modes of reflective films proposed by the north-american artist David Lynch, with greater attention to both movies Mulholland Drive and Inland Empire. Besides, some discussions will be redeemed on cinematic apparatus, since its conceptual proposition by Baudry, through updates as proposed by Metz and some recent notions such as those presented by André Parente. The outlook on the cinematic apparatus are related to the concepts of mise en abyme, operated by André Gide and subsequently developed by Dällenbach, and applied to the films of David Lynch by the work of Fatima Chinita; and the metacinematographic reflectivity and metafilmic reflectivity, presented by Metz, as well. It will present another issues that orbit the filmography of the director and researches on the topic oftenly, namely: the dispossession of artistic languages, conflicts between a genre cinema and an independent film and the surrealistic art movement. These discussions help us to understand some secondary traits of our research that pervade both the trajectory of the author as the films under our observation. The analyze of both movies are based on the routes listed above and, where possible, articulated with transdisciplinary thoughts that allow us to explore specific aspects, especially with cyberculture, studies of film theory and psychoanalysis. The relationship of these different theoretical perspectives endow the artifices to deepen narrative, technical and aesthetic instances of Mulholland Drive and Inland Empire. The management of those aspects apparently fragmented, in theory and in the works of the north-american filmmaker, are reflected in the structure of this work, with noncumulative and non-sequential chapters for each treated subject. Finally, the conceptual operations proposed to analyze the chosen corpus of moving images allow us to defend that reflectivity is a structural element in the David Lynch film works and, in general, in some parts of contemporary cinema. / Este trabalho se propõe a analisar os modos de agenciamento do cinema reflexivo proposto pelo artista estadunidense David Lynch, com atenção maior para as obras Mulholland Drive e Inland Empire. Para isso, serão resgatadas discussões sobre o dispositivo cinematográfico, desde a proposição por Baudry, passando por atualizações como as propostas por Metz e noções mais recentes como as apresentadas por André Parente. As perspectivas sobre o dispositivo são relacionadas com o conceito de mise en abyme; operacionalizado por André Gide, posteriormente desenvolvido por Dällenbach, e aplicados aos filmes de David Lynch por Fátima Chinita; bem como os de reflexividade metacinematográfica e reflexividade metafílmica, apresentados por Metz. São ainda trabalhadas algumas questões que costumam orbitar a filmografia do cineasta e as pesquisas referentes ao tema, sendo estes: a desterritorialização das linguagens artísticas, os conflitos entre um cinema de gênero e um cinema independente e o surrealismo. Estas discussões nos ajudam a compreender traços secundários de nossa pesquisa que perpassam tanto a trajetória do autor quanto os filmes em observação. As análises dos filmes são fundamentadas nos percursos apresentados acima e, quando possível, articuladas com pensamentos transdisciplinares que nos possibilitem explorar aspectos específicos, principalmente com estudos da cibercultura, das teorias cinematográficas e da psicanálise. A relação dessas diferentes correntes teóricas nos munem de artifícios para aprofundar instâncias narrativas, técnicas e estéticas de Mulholland Drive e Inland Empire. O ordenamento desses aspectos aparentemente fragmentados, na teoria e nas obras do cineasta estadunidense, traduzem-se na própria estrutura do trabalho, com capítulos referentes a cada tema e não-cumulativos e sequenciais. Por fim, as operações conceituais propostas à análise das imagens em movimento do corpus escolhido nos permitem defender que a reflexividade é um elemento estruturante nos trabalhos do cinema de David Lynch e, de modo geral, em partes do cinema contemporâneo.

We see the film like a reality because our perception of the film is like a reality around us. Movie as a dream and like a dream has unique tools how describe our soul and unconscious processes. This advantage is a crucial for my research, how can be useful for understanding how our unconscious works. C. G. Jung and Joseph Campbell and his work helps me with looking for the answer. How can film speak to us through the psychological layer instead of the narrative layer.

El presente es un profundo análisis del film “Blue Velvet” de David Lynch y la reinterpretación del concepto “nostalgia norteamericana”, visto en las pinturas de Edward Hopper. La “nostalgia americana” es un término acuñado por la tesista, que describe el sentir de la población estadounidense luego de los momentos de guerra y crisis de su país. Gracias a un análisis de la imagen, se concluye que las pinturas de Edward Hopper retratan ese estado anímico compuesto de nostalgia, soledad, ensimismamiento y melancolía, a través de los aspectos formales y de contenido. De esa manera aparece David Lynch, quien logra reinterpretar el mismo sentir. Luego de descomponer “Blue Velvet” y analizar minuciosamente sus escenas, se argumenta que la reinterpretación se da a través de dos procedimientos: a través de composiciones similares entre las pinturas y los encuadres, y por medio de los nuevos recursos que otorga la comunicación audiovisual, que favorecen e impulsan dichos aspectos de composición. Es importante tener en cuenta que tanto los recursos audiovisuales, como los aspectos formales (en las pinturas) se relacionan al componer encuadres similares y narrar casi un mismo discurso: el de la “nostalgia americana”. Sin embargo, este relato se potencia en “Blue Velvet”, ya que se utilizan recursos como el movimiento de cámara, el movimiento interno y el montaje, los cuales favorecen a evidenciar el concepto. Y allí se descubre la relevancia de esta investigación, ya que, gracias al análisis de los recursos audiovisuales, se evidencia la autoridad del cine como recurso artístico capaz de observar, procesar y analizar sucesos traumáticos que han sido parte la historia. Se otorga un aporte al conocimiento existente sobre cine y pintura, pero además se enriquece el conocimiento audiovisual estableciendo nuevos aportes y conceptos.

Cet essai tente de démontrer que les concepts freudiens de condensation et de déplacement qui caractérisent le travail du rêve peuvent également être associé au travail d'écriture des scènes de rêve du scénario Coulisses ainsi qu'à quelques scènes oniriques de films de Federico Fellini, Ingmar Bergman et David Lynch.

Le genre filmique – moteur par excellence de la cinématographie hollywoodienne – s’est imposé, au cours des dernières décennies, comme un champ théorique à part entière des études cinématographiques. Or, sa reconnaissance tardive au sein de la recherche universitaire témoigne du paradoxe structurant le champ cinématographique hollywoodien. En effet, la tension qu’entretient Hollywood entre l’industrie du divertissement et le cinéma d’art se révèle d’une façon particulière à travers la notion de genre cinématographique, qui s’avère à la fois un canevas de fabrication et un espace de création. Ce mémoire vise l’étude du genre filmique selon trois articulations : d’un point de vue institutionnel, d’abord, en questionnant les enjeux du champ cinématographique hollywoodien ; d’un point de vue théorique, ensuite, au moyen d’une plongée au sein des conventions et des procédés de trois genres filmiques ; et finalement, à travers l’analyse d’un corpus de films du réalisateur David Lynch. Ainsi, l’œuvre de Lynch, par son caractère marginal, inclassable et profondément étrange, donnera lieu à un parcours, certes, atypique, mais néanmoins significatif de ces trois niveaux de l’étude du genre filmique, dictant par le fait même une division en deux parties du travail. Dans un premier temps, le mémoire s’attardera à mettre en perspective la définition du champ hollywoodien et la trajectoire de Lynch, ce qui nous permettra d’identifier trois genres filmiques qui présentent un ancrage particulier au sein de la filmographie lynchienne, soit le thriller, le film noir et l’horreur. Dans un deuxième temps, nous procéderons à l’analyse filmique de Blue Velvet (1986), Lost Highway (1997) et Mulholland Drive (2001), trois films qui adoptent la logique de la trilogie en proposant, reprenant, puis aboutissant à un certain nombre de motifs issus des conventions génériques. Ainsi, les grilles de lecture des genres filmiques explorés par le cinéaste permettront d’observer la dimension à la fois classique et expérimentale de l’œuvre lynchienne par rapport à la cinématographie hollywoodienne tout en exposant les innovations du cinéaste à l’égard d’éléments génériques spécifiques. / The film genre – the driving force par excellence of Hollywood cinematography – has established itself in recent decades as a theoretical field in its own right in Film Studies. However, its late recognition within academia testifies to the paradox underlying Hollywood cinematography. Indeed, the tension that Hollywood maintains between the entertainment industry and art cinema is revealed in a particular way through the concept of cinematographic genre, which turns out to be both a canvas for production and a space for creation. This thesis aims to study the film genre according to three articulations: first, from an institutional perspective by questioning the challenges within the Hollywood cinematographic field from a theoretical point of view; second, by exploring the conventions and processes of three film genres; and thirdly, through the analysis of a corpus of films by director David Lynch. Thus, Lynch's work, by its marginal, unclassifiable and profoundly strange character, will lay the foundation for an admittedly atypical, but nevertheless significant analysis of these three levels of study of the film genre, thereby dividing this work in two parts. Initially, the thesis will focus on putting into perspective the definition of the Hollywood field and Lynch's trajectory, which will allow us to identify three significant film genres within Lynch’s filmography, namely the thriller, film noir and horror. In a second step, we will proceed with the filmic analysis of Blue Velvet (1986), Lost Highway (1997) and Mulholland Drive (2001), three films which adopt the logic of a trilogy by proposing, summarizing then culminating in a certain number of motifs from generic conventions. Thus, the analytical perspectives from the film genres explored by the filmmaker will allow us to observe both the classical and experimental style of the Lynchian work in Hollywood cinematography while exhibiting the filmmaker's contribution to certain elements of filmic genre.

The films of David Lynch are full of ambiguities that derive from his habitual distortion of time, inversion of characters, and creation of ironic, dreamlike worlds that are mired in crisis. While these ambiguities have been explored from numerous angles, scholars have only recently begun to closely examine music's role in Lynch's cinematic imagination. This dissertation explores the relationship between music and fantasy through the lens of Lacanian psychoanalysis where fantasy plays a crucial role in helping psychoanalytical subjects work through their psychical crises. In particular, I look at Blue Velvet (1986), Lost Highway (1996), and Mulholland Drive (2001), showing how Lynch employs music to manage and, in the case of Mulholland Drive, move beyond the particular crises of jouissance experienced by the Characters--and also the viewers. Before engaging in my analysis of Lynch's film music, however, I begin with an extended discussion of what Kevin Korsyn describes as the current crisis of music scholarship, examining how this crisis manifests itself in recent "postmodern" interpretations of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony. Few works are invested with as much cultural capital as this one and arguably the discourse around it exhibits the crisis more acutely than any other. Korsyn restricts his analysis to the fields of musicology and music theory, but I approach the crisis of music scholarship obliquely, through my Lacanian reading of Lynch's film music. This dissertation, then, has two goals. On one hand it attempts to examine music's role in Lynch's films, and on the other, it explores how Lynch's use of music might aid us in navigating and moving beyond the institutional crises of music scholarship. This Lynchian solution to our crisis provides a glimpse of what might lie beyond postmodernism, a new philosophical movement some are calling the "New Sincerity." This term covers several loosely related cultural or philosophical movements that have followed in the wake of postmodernism, the most notable being what Raoul Eshelman and Judith Butler refer to as "performatism." Finally, I return to Beethoven's Ninth to offer a second, performative reading, demonstrating how Lynch's use of music can be translated into current musical discourse. / text