A ópera lírica pode constituir um excelente material didático a ser trabalhado em todos os níveis da educação linguística, não apenas devido ao seu irrefutável valor cultural, histórico e social, mas, principalmente, por sincretizar as linguagens musical, teatral e literária, transformando-se, assim, em um fecundo instrumento de ensino da língua italiana. A partir dos preceitos semióticos de análise, sobretudo no que concerne aos estudos sobre a Semiótica das Paixões, a ópera lírica pode ser didatizada e apresentada aos alunos no seu formato autêntico, visando à formação e autonomia discente. De fato, o percurso adotado simula a passagem pelos três níveis de análise textuais, partindo dos afetos da música para chegar às ações do enredo. A parte prática deste trabalho é dedicada ao curso Rigoletto: per gli amanti della lingua e della cultura italiana, elaborado especialmente para legitimar a proposta de se trabalhar a ópera lírica nas aulas de italiano LE. Trata-se de uma unidade didática sobre Rigoletto, uma importante produção de Giuseppe Verdi e Francesco Maria Piave, de 1851. Em síntese, neste trabalho, pretendo discorrer sobre as teorias que envolvem a didatização da ópera lírica e ilustrar a sua aplicação a partir das atividades do referido curso. Finalmente, os resultados obtidos durante a fase de avaliação serão utilizados para comprovar a sua eficácia. / Lyrical opera can be an excellent teaching material for use at all levels of language education, not only because of its unquestionable cultural, historical and social value, but mainly for amalgamating musical, theatrical and literary languages, thereby forming a productive tool for teaching the Italian language. Based on the precepts of semiotic analysis, especially with regard to studies of the Semiotics of Passions, lyrical opera can be taught and presented to students in its authentic format, aimed at student training and autonomy. Indeed, the route adopted simulates the passage through the three levels of textual analysis, starting from the musical moods to arrive at the actions of the plot. The practical part of this work is dedicated to the course \"Rigoletto: per gli amanti della lingua e della cultura italiana\", especially designed to legitimize the proposal to employ lyrical opera in Italian lessons for foreign learners. This is a teaching unit about Rigoletto, an important work by Giuseppe Verdi and Francesco Maria Piave, 1851. In summary, in this work I intend to discuss theories involving the teaching use of lyrical opera and illustrate its application based on the activities of that course. Finally, the results obtained during the assessment phase will be used to prove its effectiveness.

La lyrique lorraine connut son plein essor au XIIIe siècle et au début du XIVe. Terre d’entre-deux, la Lorraine, héritière directe du duché de Haute-Lotharingie, a abrité un groupe de trouvères que la langue française, la culture et les aspirations politiques rapprochaient étroitement du Royaume de France, alors même qu’ils composaient en terre d’Empire. Cette étude vise d’abord à identifier ces poètes à travers une approche à la fois biographique et réticulaire permettant de découvrir l’individu et de le replacer dans son milieu socio-littéraire. Elle cherche ensuite à caractériser le style propre à chacun de ces trouvères et la persona littéraire qu’ils ont façonnée par l’écriture. Pour ce faire, elle s’appuie sur un corpus de textes dont la variété générique (pastourelles, chansons et jeux-partis) révèle l’étendue du répertoire lorrain et rend possible l’identification des spécificités de la lyrique lorraine à travers l’étude comparative d’éléments thématiques et formels. Or, cette image littéraire ne peut prendre forme que si l’on tient également compte de l’horizon d’attente d’un public qui trouve son plaisir dans la reconnaissance des topoï lyriques, subtilement adaptés par le poète, et qui cherche son plus beau reflet dans le miroir tendu par le trouvère, prenant ainsi une part active à la création littéraire et la survivance de certaines pièces. Il s’agit donc de cartographier l’espace poétique lorrain et de montrer comment, à travers son réseaulittéraire et la production de ses trouvères, cette région peut être considérée, à l’instar des régions voisines du Nord et de la Champagne, comme une terre lyrique et une province littéraire. / Lyrical poetry from Lorraine is highly prized in the thirteenth and the early first half of the fourteenth centuries. The Buffer area located between the Kingdom of France and the Germanic Empire, Lorraine has almost the same border as the duchy of Haute-Lotharingie. Trouvères who live in this area speak the same French language, share the same culture and have similar political ambitions. All of these points bring them closer to France, even though they depend politically on the Germanic Empire. The present work aims at identifying these poets thanks to a biographical approach and an analysis of social and literary networks that make it possible to uncover each poet and his background. I tried also to distinguish features of each poet and their persona created by writing. Consequently, I chose miscellaneous poems from different genres (pastourelles, jeux-partis and songs) that reveal Lorraine poetry’s variety. A comparative analysis of the themes and forms of these poems brings to light characteristics of Lorraine poetry. Nevertheless, this approach would be incomplete without a study of the poems’ reception. Actually, out of these poetic forms, comes a literary society more or less fictive in which the trouvères and their lords are side by side. This public appreciates lyrical topoï that the poet adapts cleverly and in which he finds his own picture. All things considered, public contributes to lyrical poetry’s creation. In this work, I want torepresent the poetical area of Lorraine and prove that, thanks to her literary network and to trouvères’ output, this area can be considered a veritable lyrical country, like adjoining areas, in particular Champagne and the North.

(in English) The aim of this thesis is to analyse thoroughly the mythical approach and lyrical aspects in the writings of Elio Vittorini and subsequently to find the continuation of these tendencies in works by Vincenzo Consolo, Giuseppe Bonaviri and Gesualdo Bufalino. At first we briefly described the approach of mythical realism in the Italian and Sicilian literature of 20th century as a literary topos. Afterwards we focused on the individual authors who were already shortly introduced in biographical portraits, then we made the analyses of chosen novels of those four writers where we focused on the mythical and symbolical motives and the lyrical tendencies of their prose. In conclusion we made a comparative according to the results of our previous analyses and we shortly evaluated the image of Sicily emerging from literary output of those chosen authors.

The paper presents an original literary concept that describes both the philosophical system of L. Gubanov and the originality of his poetry. The logic of the master's thesis is subject to the presentation of this concept. The work outlines the originality of lyrical poetry by L. Gubanov; investigates the images of Chaos and Cosmos, as well as the main myths that define the uniqueness of artistic and philosophical system of the poet. The work analyses some of the author's poetic techniques, presents observations on the ways of organization of the poetic expression. / В работе представлена оригинальная литературоведческая концепция, описывающая как философскую систему Л. Губанова, так и своеобразие его поэтики. Изложению этой концепции и подчинена логика магистерской диссертации. В ней очерчено своеобразие лирического героя поэзии Л. Губанова; исследованы макрообразы Хаоса и Космоса, основные мифологемы, определяющие своеобразие художественно-философской системы поэта; осуществлен анализ некоторых приемов авторской поэтики, представлены наблюдения над способами организации поэтического высказывания.

Les œuvres de Marie Noël (1883-1967) sont surtout lues pour leur dimension spirituelle, mais elles offrent également une réflexion sur le rôle du poète dans un contexte chrétien. Dans un dialogue avec la tradition culturelle et religieuse à laquelle elle appartient, l’auteure s’interroge sur la valeur de l’activité poétique en mettant en scène divers personnages féminins qui se caractérisent par leur faiblesse. Ces personnages se rejoignent par un sentiment d’inutilité qui les marginalisent, mais qui leur permet paradoxalement d’atteindre une vocation plus haute. Dans la présente analyse, nous nous concentrerons sur l’œuvre poétique, c’est-à-dire Les Chansons et les Heures, Les Chants de la Merci, les Chants et psaumes d’automne et les Chants d’arrière-saison. Ces recueils présentent une certaine cohésion en ce qu’ils sont presque entièrement écrits à la première personne. Alors que les analyses critiques publiées jusqu’ici s’appuient généralement sur la biographie de l’auteure, ce mémoire propose une analyse des différentes figures qu'emprunte le sujet lyrique afin de valoriser l'écriture féminine. Plus précisément, nous montrerons comment le personnage de la femme infertile se découvre une fécondité nouvelle et accède à une maternité spirituelle à travers son activité poétique. Nous verrons aussi comment le sujet lyrique légitime sa parole en se revendiquant de l'inspiration divine, ce qui le rapproche de l’écriture mystique. / Most readers of Marie Noël (1883-1967) are interested by the spiritual dimension of her work. Nonetheless, her writings also reflect upon the poet’s role in a Christian world. While dependent on her cultural and religious background, the author wonders about the value of poetry. She introduces various feminine characters who are defined by their inadequacy but are then transformed on their own paths as writers. The following analysis focuses on the lyrical works of Marie Noël, which are Les Chansons et les Heures, Les Chants de la Merci, Chants et psaumes d’automne and Chants d’arrière-saison. These volumes are mostly written from the first-person point of view. Because of this trait, essays previously published insist on the author’s biography. This analysis, however, studies the masks worn by the lyrical subject and its constant desire to highlight the importance of women’s writing. More precisely, we will demonstrate how the character of the barren woman discovers a new fecundity and reaches spiritual motherhood through her poetry. We will also show how the lyrical subject justifies its voice while claiming divine inspiration. In doing so, the female characters are brought closer to the tradition of mystical writing.

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<p>Проза Радована Белог Марковића није фантастична у<br />целини, већ садржи елементе фантастике. Типови<br />фантастике у њој су разноврсни. Типологија фантастике<br />у прози овога писца изведена је из његовог дела<br />индуктивном методом и унеколико се заснива на даљој<br />и ближој литерарној традицији, али и на закључцима до<br />којих смо дошли и на основу којих су изведени и други<br />типови фантастике у делу овога писца.<br />Типологија фантастике у прози Радована Белог<br />Марковића<br />Ф А Н Т А С Т И К А<br />ЛИРСКА, ЈЕЗИЧКА,<br />ДЕЛИРИЧНА<br />са елементима ониричког,<br />са елементима ониричког и сакралног<br />Демитологизована<br />Митолошка и фолклорна<br />Десакрализована<br />Приповедног простора и времена<br />Двојника<br />Меланхолије и досаде<br />Предмета<br />Природе<br />Смрти<br />Мнимих бића<br />Jединственост Радована Белог Марковића у савременој<br />српској књижевности огледа се у начину<br />структурирања дела, његовим формалним одликама,<br />као и у бројним и разноврсним начинима<br />мистификације приповеданог, у лиризацији прозног<br />текста и барокности језика, што су углавном и његови<br />највећи доприноси књижевности којој припада.</p> / <p>Proza Radovana Belog Markovića nije fantastična u<br />celini, već sadrži elemente fantastike. Tipovi<br />fantastike u njoj su raznovrsni. Tipologija fantastike<br />u prozi ovoga pisca izvedena je iz njegovog dela<br />induktivnom metodom i unekoliko se zasniva na daljoj<br />i bližoj literarnoj tradiciji, ali i na zaključcima do<br />kojih smo došli i na osnovu kojih su izvedeni i drugi<br />tipovi fantastike u delu ovoga pisca.<br />Tipologija fantastike u prozi Radovana Belog<br />Markovića<br />F A N T A S T I K A<br />LIRSKA, JEZIČKA,<br />DELIRIČNA<br />sa elementima oniričkog,<br />sa elementima oniričkog i sakralnog<br />Demitologizovana<br />Mitološka i folklorna<br />Desakralizovana<br />Pripovednog prostora i vremena<br />Dvojnika<br />Melanholije i dosade<br />Predmeta<br />Prirode<br />Smrti<br />Mnimih bića<br />Jedinstvenost Radovana Belog Markovića u savremenoj<br />srpskoj književnosti ogleda se u načinu<br />strukturiranja dela, njegovim formalnim odlikama,<br />kao i u brojnim i raznovrsnim načinima<br />mistifikacije pripovedanog, u lirizaciji proznog<br />teksta i baroknosti jezika, što su uglavnom i njegovi<br />najveći doprinosi književnosti kojoj pripada.</p> / <p>Тhe prose of Radovan Beli Marković is not fantastic as a<br />whole, but contains elements of fiction. Tipes of<br />fantasticism in it are diverse. The typology of fantasticism<br />in prose of this writer is derived from his work using the<br />inductive method. This typology is based on a distant and<br />recent literary tradition, but also on conclusions reached<br />by the author of this dissertation, on the basis of which<br />other types of fiction were derived in the writing of this<br />author.<br />Typology of Fantasticism in prose of Radovan Beli<br />Marković<br />F А N Т А S Т I C I S M<br />Lyric, linguistic<br />Delirious<br />- with elements of oneiric<br />- with elements of oneiric and sacred<br />Demythologized<br />Mythological and folklore<br />Desanctified<br />Narrative space and time counterpart<br />Melancholy and boredom<br />Objects<br />Nature<br />Death<br />Imaginary creatures<br />The uniqueness of Radovan Beli Markovic&#39;s writing in<br />contemporary Serbian literature is reflected in the way of<br />structuring his writing, its formal qualities, as well as in<br />numerous and diverse ways of mystification of the<br />narration, in making his prose lyrical and language<br />baroque, representing mainly his greatest contribution to<br />literature where he belongs.</p>

Les œuvres poétiques de Fernando Assis Pacheco (Coimbra, 1937 – Lisbonne, 1995) et d’Adília Lopes (Lisbonne, 1960) présentent des éléments communs: un sabotage du langage poétique traditionnel, une dépréciation du sujet poétique, une représentation du monde apparemment triviale. Notre proposition est que ces trois grandes caractéristiques sont liées entre elles, de par leurs modes de concrétisation et les intentions qui les sous-tendent. On y retrouve en effet un même projet de « dégonflement » – d’un langage poétique grandiloquent et ampoulé, d’un sujet lyrique prétentieux et qui se prend trop au sérieux, d’une conception du monde excessivement épurée ou tendant vers le transcendantal. Néanmoins, cette opération ne s’assimile pas à une action proprement déconstructiviste, car elle vise à transmettre à ces entités un « souffle » susceptible de leur conférer une force animique et une capacité d’intervention. C’est sur la base de ce double mouvement que nous proposons le terme de « poétique de la déflation », en choisissant une notion qui recouvre à la fois ces deux acceptions (respectivement, dans les domaines économique et géomorphologique). L’adoption du prisme de la déflation nous permettra d’examiner le modèle sous-jacent des œuvres de Fernando Assis Pacheco et d’Adília Lopes. Pour le faire, notre travail se décompose en trois parties : nous étudions successivement la façon dont ces auteurs s’engagent dans une procédure de déflation du langage poétique qu’ils utilisent (concrètement, en nous penchant sur ses formes narratives) ; du sujet lyrique qu’ils figurent (par l’analyse d’une fluidification dans la figuration de ce sujet) ; et de la conception du monde que dénote leur poésie (en nous intéressant à la dimension éthique qui y est implicite). / The poetic works of Fernando Assis Pacheco (Coimbra, 1937 - Lisbon, 1995) and Adília Lopes (Lisbon, 1960) have common elements: a sabotage of the traditional poetic language, an impairment of the poetic self, an apparently trivial representation of the world. Our proposal is that these three characteristics are interrelated, by their modes of realization and the intentions that underlie them. We find indeed a project of "reduction" – of the pompous and bombastic language of poetry, of a pretentious lyrical self that takes itself too seriously, of a conception of the world excessively refined or tending towards the transcendental. However, this does not amount to a proper deconstructive action because it aims to convey a sense of strength and energy to these entities a purifying "breath". On the basis of this double movement we propose the term "poetics of deflation", choosing a concept that covers both these two meanings (respectively, in the economic and geomorphic domains). Adopting the prism of deflation allow us to examine the underlying model at Fernando Assis Pacheco’s and Adília Lopes’ poetry. To do so, our work is divided into three parts: we successively study how these writers engage in a process of deflation of the poetic language they use (specifically, by looking at its narrative forms); of the lyrical self that they portray (through analysis of a fluidity in this process of portrayal); and the world view they manifest in their poetry (focusing on its ethical dimension).

v anglickém jazyce This thesis is based on the Kurt Oppert's term "Dinggedicht" (in English "object-poem" or "thing- poem"), through which it views the transformations within the conceptualization of the subject and things in modern poetry. Apart from poems associated with the name of R. M. Rilke, thingness is also seen from the perspective of the functional use of the object in a poem (e.g. a thing as a tool of characterization orironization), whichis related to theuse ofobjects in figurativelanguage - the thing as a part of the metaphor, simile or allegory. As part of the definition of a thing-poem, the thesis also deals with the issue of subject-object relationship, which leads also to the category of a lyrical "I" in the literary theory. The thesis is based on individual poems which represent a concrete, prototypical way of dealing with the subject in poetry. These poems are delimited by the second half of the 19th century and the first two decades of the 20th century. The thesis is not based on strictly defined national literature, but it considers the German, French and Czech context in the comparative perspective.

The dissertation deals with a complete cycle of piano pieces by Zdeněk Fibich called The Moods, Impressions and Reminiscences. The cycle has been largely presented in the literature as a `composer's love diary`, used to search for identical motifs across the composer's late work and understood in the context of programme music. The aim of the dissertation is to evaluate objectively this present majority view and to put a new view on it, to inform about the circumstances of the comprehensive complete edition of The Moods, Impressions and Reminiscences, to analyse the ensemble as a set of lyrical piano pieces with their specific purely musical features and to place the Fibich cycle into the context of the lyrical piano piece of the late 19th century. The work focuses mainly on musical- structural analysis based on grasping the form of compositions with the predominant way of thematic-motivational construction, observation and comparison of tonal fitting, dimension, prescribed times and searching for motivational, cyclic and other possible links. The results of the work enable us to view The Moods, Impressions and Reminiscences as a unique cycle of lyrical piano pieces from the end of the 19th century with their typical characteristics and key features of the musical kind and also show the unique...