Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio (fiscina@bahia.fiocruz.br) on 2012-11-30T21:17:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Juliana Perrone Bezerra De Menezes Avaliacao do papel... - 2005.pdf: 32348298 bytes, checksum: 109d71b2fb835421caaa135becd309de (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-11-30T21:17:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Juliana Perrone Bezerra De Menezes Avaliacao do papel... - 2005.pdf: 32348298 bytes, checksum: 109d71b2fb835421caaa135becd309de (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, Bahia, Brasil / Micobactérias ambientais podem ser encontradas em água, solo, poeira, alimentos e animais. A importância do estudo dessas micobactérias tem aumentado nos últimos anos, principalmente, devido a predisposição de pacientes com imunodeficiência à infecção por essas espécies de micobactéria. Além disso, a exposição a micobactérias ambientais pode constituir um dos fatores associados à baixa eficácia da imunização com a vacina BCG. As manifestações da doença, assim como a manutenção da infecção micobateriana, dependem da interação entre a micobactéria e o sistema imune do hospedeiro. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a resposta de macrófagos peritoneais de camundongos susceptíveis BALB/c infectados com M intracellulare ou M fortuitum. Macrófagos peritoneais de camundongos BALB/c foram infectados por M intracellulare ou M fortuitum e as diferenças entre essas duas espécies quanto à capacidade de infectar e sobreviver no interior de macrófagos primários, tratados ou não com IFN-y, e produzir óxido nítrico foram avaliadas. Foi observado que os macrófagos infectados com M fortuitum apresentam um maior percentual de células infectadas que aqueles infectados com M. intracellulare, após 4, 24 e 48 horas de infecção. Entretanto, tanto M. fortuitum quanto M intracellulare são capazes de sobreviver no interior de macrófagos peritoneais, pois não há alteração da carga bacilar dessa duas espécies de micobactéria ao longo da infecção. Observamos ainda que M. intracellulare induziu uma maior produção de óxido nítrico por macrófagos primários infectados e tratados por IFN-y que M fortuitum. No entanto, o pré-tratamento com IFN-y não alterou o percentual de células infectadas nem a viabilidade de M intracellulare ou M. fortuitum. Os dados obtidos neste trabalho mostram que, in vitro, M. fortuitum e M. intracellulare interagem de formas distintas, levando á diferentes respostas do macrófago e a destinos intracelulares distintos. Além disso, mostramos que M intracellulare e M. fortuitum são resistentes ao óxido nítrico produzido por macrófagos após ativação por IFN-y. / Environmental mycobacteria are found in water, soil, dust, food and animals. Environmental Mycobacterium importance has increased in the last few years, mostly because of immunodeficient patient predisposition to infection. Moreover, exposure to environmental mycobacteria could be associated to low levels of protection induced by immunization with BCG. Disease manifestations as well as infection outcome depend on interaction between mycobacteria and host immune system. The goal of this work was to evaluate peritoneal macrophage response, from the susceptible BALB/c mice, to M. intracellulare or M. fortuitum infection. Peritoneal inflammatory macrophages, pre-activated or not with IFN-y, were infected by M. intracellulare or M fortuitum and diferences between these two species related to the capacity to infect macrophages, to survive intracellularly and to induce NO production were evaluated. It was observed that the percentage of M. fortuitum-xnÍQoXQá cells was higher related to M. intracellulare-míecieá ones, after 4, 24 and 48 hours of infection. In addition, both M. fortuitum and M. intracellulare presented the ability to survive in peritoneal macrophages. It was also observed that in response to IFN-y activation, M. intracellulare induced higher NO production thanM fortuitum. However, pre-activation with IFN-y did not modify, neither the percentage of M. intracellulare and M. fortuitum infected cells, nor intracellular bacillum survival. These data demonstrate that, in vitro., M. fortuitum and M. intracellulare differently interact with macrophages, inducing diferent macrophage reponses and that both M. intracellulare and M fortuitum are resistant to NO production upon IFN-y activation.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-29T15:34:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_5071_.pdf: 2319790 bytes, checksum: 75b4ef2c4fc8cec3a003cc995e4f6548 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-23 / O Mycobacterium abscessus é atualmente a micobactéria de crescimento lento considerada mais patogênica. Causa infecções principalmente em pacientes portadores de fibrose cística e tem sido descrito com frequência cada vez maior em infecções de pele e partes moles secundárias a procedimentos invasivos tais como acupuntura, injeções de insulina, mesoterapia, procedimentos artroscópicos e laparoscopicos e após realização de procedimentes estéticos em cirurgias plásticas como implante de próteses mamárias e lipoplastia. Embora de baixa letalidade a infecção apresenta alta morbidade principalmente devido a resistência intrínseca do M.abscessus a vários antimicrobianos, sendo considerado a micobactéria mais resistente. Como o objetivo de estudar os aspectos clínicos, terapêuticos e microbiológicos das infecções de pele e partes moles relacionados a procedimentos cirúrgicos estéticos por M. abscessos, utilizou-se um estudo descritivo com dados encontrados em prontuário de 16 pacientes com infecção de pele e partes moles tratados no serviço Universitário de Referência Estadual. Foram analisados os aspectos clínicos da infecção durante a apresentação inicial, após retirada das próteses implantadas, na primeira consulta no serviço de referência, durante o tratamento e após o término do tratamento. Devido ao reduzido tamanho da amostra não foi realizado avaliação de significado estatístico, porém os resultados mostram que a resposta ao tratamento é variada, a retirada da prótese implantada contribui para resolução inicial dos sintomas, o tratamento é prolongado e o esquema de tratamento recomendado é difícil de ser realizados devidos aos efeitos adversos principalmente relacionados à amicacina. A evolução clínica não ocorre de maneira linear, mesmo na vigência do tratamento. Há paciente que evoluem: com resolução espontânea da infecção após debridamentos cirúrgico e retirada de corpos estranhos; pacientes que respondem ao tratamento; pacientes em que o tratamento parece não interferir na evolução e pacientes em que o tratamento parece colaborar para intensificação dos sinais e sintomas. Apesar dos diferentes tipos de evolução, todas as pacientes analisadas foram consideradas curadas ao final do estudo. PALAVRAS CHAVE: Infecções, cirurgia, M.abscessus

Research on musical memory has focussed on the organisation of practice to develop and implement retrieval cues: locations in the music that trigger memory. Cues are distilled during extended practice. Those features of the music that still require attention in performance remain as Performance Cues (PCs). Scholarship demonstrates that theories of expert memory in other fields are also applicable to musical performance. The formal structure of the music provides a ready-made framework that can be used as a hierarchical retrieval scheme. This structure allows for content-addressable memory to meet the demands of performance. Landmarks remain in a musician’s long-term memory, relating to structural boundaries and PCs established in practice. Existing research has largely focussed on tonal music, with musical structures that are apparent to the musician. This thesis adopts established methodologies from this body of literature to extend insights on musical memorisation in complex atonal piano repertoire. Using a range of atonal music, the thesis initially questions how more complex structures affect the development of a retrieval scheme. The argument demonstrates that a musician uses a wide range of intuitive responses to the features of the score to establish a conceptual framework. It is helpful for performers to think in structural terms. Yet in reality a wider range of musical dimensions informs the practitioner. Secondly, the thesis questions how atonal music is memorised by performers. It argues that a wider range of kinaesthetic and conceptual techniques is needed for memorisation of atonal music in comparison to tonal equivalents. Finally, the thesis extends the discussion of replicated use of PCs across performances. Analysis focusses on the acoustic realisation of performance through the use of spectrograms. Examination of the changes in expressive execution of various PCs and musical features provides further insight into the role of memory in the creative act of performance. The thesis seeks to extend analysis into the complexities of musical memorisation. Examination of intricate, unusual structures provides a great deal of insight in assessing how musicians adapt their wealth of domain-specific knowledge to tackle the challenges presented. As specific memorisation strategies for musicians remain an under-researched area – particularly for atonal music – the detailed examination of techniques is valuable in developing wider methods that can be applied across all types of repertoire. It is surprising that the teaching of memory technique remains largely absent in higher education institutions. As such, this analysis has broad implications for the educational environment, to develop more formal and integrated didactic procedures. Finally, examination of the varied acoustic realisation of retrieval cues provides original insights into the way in which memorisation can function in a spontaneous, creative manner: a fundamental aim of performance.

This thesis critically examines the transformative function and the limitations of crosscultural elements in current musical practices in Israel, specifically, in Hip Hop practices in the urban context of the diverse neighbourhoods of South Tel Aviv. This study explores locales on border-areas of the urban space, investigating precisely how Hip Hop practitioners and their audiences negotiate identity, politics, and cross-cultural communication in an urban zone, which, even while it enables unprecedented intercultural encounters, is characterized by an overarching international conflict. Specific examples have been explored to illustrate how the diverse performers and audience members consciously embody the paradox of political disparity and co-existence through their eclectic musical idiom and through the social aspects of the music-making process and public performance. My investigation shows how intercultural elements are negotiated in Hip Hop performances in contemporary Israeli urban space. Using an interdisciplinary approach, I propose and apply several theoretical frames of analysis. This multi-faceted framework allows the illustration of the complexity of the way in which the musical experience negotiates boundaries of identity and belonging. Amongst the theoretical frameworks are Homi Bhabha’s concept of thirdspace (1990) and Maurice Halbwach’s notion of local ‘collective memory’ (1941). My research locates the scope of investigation in a broad, abstract, transnational arena, and also in an analysis of the specific range of identities affected and potentially transformed by musical collaboration in a concrete and specific urban setting. The broad focus highlights how the Hip Hop groups under investigation operate and are regarded globally; the narrow scope enables an analysis of how, in the context of ethnic conflict and co-existence in contemporary Israel, identity construction and negotiation is experienced in different ways by the individuals physically co-existing in shared urban space.

A leucodistrofia metacromática (MLD) é um erro inato do metabolismo de herança autossômica recessiva, dividido em três subtipos clínicos de acordo com a idade de início dos sintomas. Na MLD ocorre deposição intralisossômica de glicolipídeos sulfatados principalmente no sistema nervoso central. A causa dessa doença é a deficiência de arilsulfatase A (ARSA), uma glicoproteína lisossômica que catalisa a hidrólise de glicolipídeos sulfatados constituintes da bainha de mielina. Até o momento cerca de 140 mutações relacionadas à manifestação de MLD foram descritas no gene da ARSA, das quais duas delas ocorrem com alta frequência na maioria das populações estudadas. Ademais, entre 7% e 12% das pessoas saudáveis têm deficiência in vitro de ARSA, condição denominada pseudodeficiência de ARSA (PD-ARSA). Não existem dados de caracterização genotípica de pacientes brasileiros com MLD. Da mesma forma, dados sobre a dinâmica molecular (DM) da ARSA também são escassos, em parte por dificuldades metodológicas implicadas no estudo desses aspectos em glicoproteínas. Nesse contexto, os objetivos desse trabalho foram identificar os alelos mutantes no gene da ARSA em pacientes brasileiros com MLD e avaliar os efeitos da glicosilação e do pH na DM da ARSA. A amostra foi composta por 27 pacientes com MLD. A mutação mais frequente (c.459+1G>A) e polimorfismos constituintes do alelo PD-ARSA foram detectados por PCR em tempo real e as demais mutações por sequenciamento direto do gene da ARSA. As DM realizadas foram de (i) ARSA não glicosilada em pH~7 e (ii) em pH~5, (iii) ARSA triplamente glicosilada e (iv) deficientemente glicosilada p.N350S, usando GROMACS. Nesse estudo a mutação c.459+1G>A foi a mais frequente (0,50), conforme esperado pela alta prevalência de pacientes com MLD infantil em nossa coorte. As mutações p.P426L (0,08) e c.103_110del8 (0,08) também apresentaram frequências relevantes quando comparadas às demais mutações. No conjunto, 11 mutações raras foram identificadas, incluindo 2 mutações novas: p.S44P e p.P284S. Além das mutações potencialmente deletérias, foram identificados 2 polimorfismos neutros frequentemente associados à mutação c.459+1G>A (p.W193C [0,54] e p.T391S [0,65]) e 2 polimorfismos constituintes do alelo PD-ARSA (p.N350S [0,15] e c.1524+95A>G [0,04]). As análises estruturais demonstraram um papel fundamental tanto da glicosilação, quanto do meio ácido na estabilidade da ARSA, o que é compatível com sua atividade lisossomal. / Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is an inborn error of metabolism inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. MLD is a neurodegenerative condition divided into three clinical types according to age at onset of symptoms. In MLD, intralysosomal deposition of sulfated glycolipids is observed mainly in the central nervous system. The biochemical defect associated to MLD is deficiency of arylsulfatase A (ARSA), a lysosomal glycoprotein that catalyzes degradation of sulfated glycolipids found in the myelin sheet. So far, around 140 MLD-associated mutations have been identified in ARSA gene. However, two of those remain at high frequency in the majority of studied populations. In addition to MLD, in vitro ARSA deficiency is observed in approximately 7-12% of healthy population, a condition named ARSA-pseudodeficiency (ARSA-PD). Up to date, there is no available data on genotypic characterization of Brazilian MLD patients. In the same way, data on ARSA molecular dynamics (MD) are also sparse, in part due by methodological difficulties related to studies of these aspects in glycoproteins. In this context, the aims of this work were to identify mutant alleles in the ARSA gene from MLD Brazilian patients, and evaluate the effects of pH and glycosylation in ARSA MD. Sample population was composed by 27 MLD patients. The most frequent MLD-associated ARSA mutation (c.459+1G>A) and the ARSA-PD polymorphisms were detected by real-time PCR, and the remaining mutations were detected by direct sequencing of ARSA gene. The performed MD were (i) non-glycosylated ARSA at pH~7 and (ii) at pH~5, (iii) fullyglycosylated ARSA at pH~5, and (iv) poorly-glycosylated ARSA-mutant p.N350S, using GROMACS. In this study the most frequent mutation was c.459+1G>A (0.50), as expected by the high prevalence of infantile-MLD cases. Mutations p.P426L (0.08) and c.103_110del8 (0.08) were also found at relevant frequencies when compared to other mutations. In total, 11 MLD-associated rare mutations were identified, including 2 novel putative disease-causing: p.S44P and p.P284S. Besides deleterious mutations, 2 polymorphisms frequently associated with c.459+1G>A (p.W193C [0.54] and p.T391S [0.65]) and 2 polymorphisms constituents of ARSA-PD allele (p.N350S [0.15] and c.1524+95A>G [0.04]) were observed. The structural analysis demonstrated the fundamental role related to glycosylation and the acid medium in the stability of ARSA that is compatible with its lysosomal activity.

The following chapters describe compositional methods applied to the compositions of the portfolio (Volume I), which consists of eight works for instruments and electronic sound, as well as one purely electronic piece. The main concern in all these works is aspects of open form and, to a lesser extent, indeterminacy during performance. I highlight the research I have undertaken in preparation for each of the compositions, show how all of these pieces are progressively linked by my evolving interest in open form, and place them in context with works by other composers, past and present, who have employed similar, or different, experimental procedures. Volume II, the composition commentary, includes a technical appendix, explaining the different software processes for the individual works, and a recourses appendix containing recordings of all of the nine compositions, as well as all of the Max patches, Max for Live devices and sound files I have programmed and created for the electronic parts of the pieces.

The aim of this research is to investigate the process of creating four non-vocal and two operatic works. In order to meet this aim, collaboration and transdisciplinarity were identified as common features in each of the works. Collaboration occurred with musicians and artists from other disciplines. The theory of transdisciplinarity has been applied to understand how my music might combine with the various elements within a work to form an autonomous synthesis. Collaboration and transdisciplinarity are contextualised in respect to my works and the works of other selected 20th and 21st century composers. How I perceive opera and its dramatic source is examined in works by composers from the 18th to 20th centuries. I created all of the compositions for the theatre and therefore certain aspects of acting techniques also form part of this research, particularly the ideas of Artaud, Brook and Stanislavsky. A series of six case studies reveals the nature of collaboration and working relationships in each creative process. They also consider where the works could be seen from a transdisciplinary perspective. I interrogate my compositional process and its products through practice-based research, to these ends. Results reveal different forms of collaboration with instrumentalists, non-musician performers and directors. Collaboration in workshops is seen to enable the connection between elements in the works to take place towards a sense of transdisciplinarity. This research has enabled me to reflect on and analyse my creative process, provide a context from which I may look back at my previous work and indicate how I may wish to continue making work in the future.

The submitted portfolio of work emerges from a focus on treating musicking bodies as compositional material. The work explores aspects of awkwardness in performance, slow motion movement, confrontation, simultaneous and multiple forms of intersubjective identity, public presentations of private activities, and dialogic relationships with performance. Because of these interests, and their grounding in performance, my practice has involved developing compositional approaches and strategies for working with documented forms of performance. The accompanying written commentary reflects on the findings of this investigation by focusing primarily on techniques of working with documents of performances. By considering Nicholas Cook’s notion of scores-as-scripts, by which musical scores are expanded from being isolated and autonomous texts of musical work to existing in relationship with instances of performance, I propose the notion of documents-as-scores. Reflecting on the capacity for documentation to transform representations and manifestations of performance, I suggest that chirographic and/or typographic representations of musical notation inscribed in the document-form of sheet music have the potential to function as documentation of performance. Expanding on this potential, and drawing from various definitions of the word “document,” I suggest that other document-forms such as audio/video files or human bodies can be musically inscribed to function as scores for performance. These scores are made of document-forms inscribed with information that I treat as material subject to compositional protocols of manipulation, which include protraction, expansion, situation, distortion, effacement, dislocation, isolation, and contextualization, among others. To narrow the scope of this research, I focus on ways in which musicking bodies are intellectually/physically engaged with, represented in, and embodiments of these documents-as-scores. Integrating examples from the portfolio, the commentary introduces the notion of documents-as-scores and proceeds to examine ways of working with different document-forms. In Chapter 1, physical and digital forms of notation are effaced to articulate facets of awkwardness and integrative destruction in music. In Chapter 2, distended, incomplete, and overlaid video and audio recordings are reflected in performance by looking and listening for representations and indices of physical action. In Chapter 3, humans/persons become formally constitutive embodied documents whose verbal, physical, and musical memories are situated within performative reading contexts.

No description available.

Over the last twenty years, the worldwide number of public mergers and acquisitions has grown at a compound annual growth rate of 3.3%. In each transaction, acquirers and valuing parties including corporations, investment banks, and buyout funds value target firms using a variety of methodologies. This paper provides evidence in favor of trailing twelve months percent revenue growth as a multiple for valuation. Using the last twenty years of public mergers and acquisitions available on S&P’s Capital IQ, this paper finds that revenue growth is a consistently significant predictor of a target firm’s purchase multiple, measured as its enterprise value divided by revenue. Further, this paper finds no evidence that trailing twelve months percent revenue growth is more significant during economic bubbles, and that the effect is largely mitigated within the technology sector.