No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

This cumulative dissertation is based on three distinct scientific papers which deal with various strategies of external knowledge sourcing. The first two papers investigate the impact of collaboration on innovation performance taking into consideration a portfolio of external partners (customers, suppliers and universities) at different stages (idea generation, R&D, design, testing and market launch) of the new product development (NPD) process. Both papers rely on representative data of German firms from a wide range of industries. It sticks out that performance effects of external collaborations are highly partner-specific. Moreover firms of different size and in different technological environments can reap the benefits of external collaborations at distinct stages of the NPD process. The third paper investigates the determinants of demand at marktes for technology (MfT). At MfT disembodied knowledge (i.e. especially patents and licences) is traded at a certain price. The paper uses data from 20 industries in 24 European countries and provides almost exclusive evidence for demand side factors that propel and contrain acquisitions at MfT.:I Acknowledgements II Tables III Figures IV Abbreviations 1. Introduction 1.1 Motivation and relevant strands of literature 1.2 Research questions and contribution of the dissertation 1.3 Abstracts of the research articles 1.3.1 Abstract chapter 2 1.3.2 Abstract chapter 3 1.3.3 Abstract chapter 4 1.4 Statement of co-authorship 2. Timing of external partnerships in low-tech and high-tech firms. When and with whom do collaborations pay off? 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Conceptual framework and hypothesis development 2.2.1 Customer collaboration 2.2.2 Supplier collaboration 2.2.3 University collaboration 2.3 Data and models 2.3.1 Database 2.3.2 Variables 2.3.3 Estimation model 2.4 Results 2.4.1 Descriptive statistics 2.4.2 Results from regression analysis 2.4.3 Robustness checks and extensions 2.5 Discussion and conclusion 2.5.1 General discussion 2.5.2 Managerial and policy implications 2.5.3 Limitations and concluding remarks References chapter 2 Appendices chapter 2 3. Alles F&E? Performanceeffekte phasenspezifischer externer Kooperation in KMU 3.1 Einleitung 3.2 Konzeptionelle Grundlagen 3.3 Theoretische Fundierung phasenspezifischer Effekte 3.3.1 Kooperation mit Kunden 3.3.2 Kooperation mit Lieferanten 3.3.3 Kooperation mit Universitäten 3.3.4 Zwischenfazit und Ableitung von Hypothesen 3.4 Daten und Operationalisierung 3.4.1 Datensatz 3.4.2 Abhängige Variable 3.4.3 Unabhängige Variablen 3.4.4 Kontrollvariablen 3.5 Empirische Strategie und Ergebnisse 3.5.1 Deskriptive Statistiken 3.5.2 Ergebnisse aus den Regressionsverfahren 3.5.3 Robustheitsprüfungen und Erweiterungen 3.6 Diskussion und Implikationen für Forschung und Praxis 3.6.1 Diskussion 3.6.2 Implikationen für die Praxis 3.6.3 Limitationen und zukünftige Forschungsfelder Literaturverzeichnis Kapitel 3 Anhang Kapitel 3 4. Markets for Technology in Europe – Mapping Demand and its Drivers 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Theoretical framework 4.2.1 The size of markets for technology 4.2.2 The nature of demand on markets for technology 4.3 Drivers of demand on markets for technology 4.3.1 Sectoral patterns of innovation 4.3.2 Technological leadership of industries 4.4 Data and Methods 4.4.1 Data 4.4.2 Variables 4.5 Results 4.5.1 Mapping markets for technology 4.5.2 Descriptive results 4.5.3 Regression results 4.5.4 Robustness checks 4.6 Discussion 4.7 Conclusion References chapter 4 5. Summary and concluding remarks 5.1 Contribution to empirical research 5.2 Limitations and future research directions 5.3 Implications for managers and policy makers 5.3.1 Implications for managers 5.3.2 Implications for policy makers Reference list Appendices / Die vorgelegte kumulative Dissertationsschrift umfasst drei unterschiedliche wissenschaftliche Aufsätze, welche sich mit unterschiedlichen Strategien der Beschaffung von unternehmensexternem Wissens befassen. Die beiden ersten Aufsätze untersuchen den Einfluss von Kooperationen mit verschiedenen externen Partnern (Kunden, Lieferanten und Universitäten) auf den Innovationserfolg von Unternehmen. Dazu wird die Kooperation mit den gewählten Partnergruppen in 5 Phasen des Neuproduktentwicklungsprozesses (NPD) (Ideenfindung, F&E, Design, Testen und Prüfen, Markteinführung) untersucht. Beide Aufsätze nutzen repräsentative Daten von deutschen Unternehmen, welche ein breites Spektrum an Branchen umfassen. Gemessene Performanceeffekte sind dabei hochgradig partnerspezifisch. Überdies profitieren Unternehmen je nach eigener Größe und technologischem Umfeld in unterschiedlichen Phasen des NPD-Prozesses von externen Kooperationen. Der dritte Aufsatz untersucht Determinanten der Nachfrage auf sogenannten Märkten für Technologie (MfT). Auf MfT wird unverkörpertes Wissen (insb. in Form von Patenten und Lizenzen) zu einem bestimmten Preis gehandelt. Die Studie beruht auf Daten aus 20 Branchen in 24 europäischen Ländern und liefert nahezu exklusive Evidenzen dafür, welche Faktoren die Nachfrage nach unverkörperter Technologie treiben und beschränken.:I Acknowledgements II Tables III Figures IV Abbreviations 1. Introduction 1.1 Motivation and relevant strands of literature 1.2 Research questions and contribution of the dissertation 1.3 Abstracts of the research articles 1.3.1 Abstract chapter 2 1.3.2 Abstract chapter 3 1.3.3 Abstract chapter 4 1.4 Statement of co-authorship 2. Timing of external partnerships in low-tech and high-tech firms. When and with whom do collaborations pay off? 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Conceptual framework and hypothesis development 2.2.1 Customer collaboration 2.2.2 Supplier collaboration 2.2.3 University collaboration 2.3 Data and models 2.3.1 Database 2.3.2 Variables 2.3.3 Estimation model 2.4 Results 2.4.1 Descriptive statistics 2.4.2 Results from regression analysis 2.4.3 Robustness checks and extensions 2.5 Discussion and conclusion 2.5.1 General discussion 2.5.2 Managerial and policy implications 2.5.3 Limitations and concluding remarks References chapter 2 Appendices chapter 2 3. Alles F&E? Performanceeffekte phasenspezifischer externer Kooperation in KMU 3.1 Einleitung 3.2 Konzeptionelle Grundlagen 3.3 Theoretische Fundierung phasenspezifischer Effekte 3.3.1 Kooperation mit Kunden 3.3.2 Kooperation mit Lieferanten 3.3.3 Kooperation mit Universitäten 3.3.4 Zwischenfazit und Ableitung von Hypothesen 3.4 Daten und Operationalisierung 3.4.1 Datensatz 3.4.2 Abhängige Variable 3.4.3 Unabhängige Variablen 3.4.4 Kontrollvariablen 3.5 Empirische Strategie und Ergebnisse 3.5.1 Deskriptive Statistiken 3.5.2 Ergebnisse aus den Regressionsverfahren 3.5.3 Robustheitsprüfungen und Erweiterungen 3.6 Diskussion und Implikationen für Forschung und Praxis 3.6.1 Diskussion 3.6.2 Implikationen für die Praxis 3.6.3 Limitationen und zukünftige Forschungsfelder Literaturverzeichnis Kapitel 3 Anhang Kapitel 3 4. Markets for Technology in Europe – Mapping Demand and its Drivers 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Theoretical framework 4.2.1 The size of markets for technology 4.2.2 The nature of demand on markets for technology 4.3 Drivers of demand on markets for technology 4.3.1 Sectoral patterns of innovation 4.3.2 Technological leadership of industries 4.4 Data and Methods 4.4.1 Data 4.4.2 Variables 4.5 Results 4.5.1 Mapping markets for technology 4.5.2 Descriptive results 4.5.3 Regression results 4.5.4 Robustness checks 4.6 Discussion 4.7 Conclusion References chapter 4 5. Summary and concluding remarks 5.1 Contribution to empirical research 5.2 Limitations and future research directions 5.3 Implications for managers and policy makers 5.3.1 Implications for managers 5.3.2 Implications for policy makers Reference list Appendices

Over the past 20 years the field of electronic markets has seen a considerable proliferation and differentiation. This position paper takes the opportunity of the 21st volume of “Electronic Markets” to look back at important developments and insights, suggesting a framework that captures the multiple facets and indeed empirical breadth and depths of this concept. It comprises three perspectives which include the market environment, governance choices by economic actors as well as the entrepreneurial dynamics of firms who initiate and operate market platforms as their business. In addition, we propose to study the interplay of technological, market, and institutional drivers in order to understand the phenomenon of electronic markets, which is also a precondition for designing electronic markets. Both activities involve more than an economically motivated choice between the discrete alternatives of markets and hierarchies. Rather, electronic markets are configurations across multiple, interdependent dimensions: Technology is an important force in shaping the field, but needs to be complemented by considerations of the competitive environment and the setting of rules in order to ensure efficient and effective plays of the game. Based on this framework, this position paper develops six propositions for the future of electronic markets. Overall, the advantages of intermediated structures, an ongoing technological sophistication, as well as further innovation in market mechanisms and services make electronic markets an ena-bler for many interorganizational value chains. While we are confident that the ingenuity of inventors will yield a flow of innovations, recent economic crises have shed a dark shadow over the sustainability of electronic markets. They call for suitable rules and regulation amenable to economic prosperity and stability to be agreed upon on a broad level.

The banking industry has been a pioneer in adopting electronic markets with exchanges, clearinghouses, and multilateral trading facilities having become the backbone of today’s globally integrated financial transactions. While most banks use the services of these electronic markets to handle interbank processes, they still strive for bilateral relations in the field of customer-facing processes. This position paper argues that the financial crises, the changing behavior of customers, upcoming innovations based on information technology (IT) and financial services offered by non-banks are strong drivers towards more customer-orientation in the financial industry. A large variety of banking IT innovations has emerged and illustrates that traditional banks are expected to have less power to impede competition at the customer interface and in consequence need to re-position themselves. Building on these developments on the one hand and existing electronic market infrastructures in the banking industry on the other, the concept of a customer-oriented financial market infrastructure is proposed as a possible future solution. The impact is illustrated using a competitive analysis of the banking industry and analogies to the media industry where new entrants from the computing industry have caused disruptive changes. Besides describing the threat to existing banks, the position paper also discusses the perspectives for banks.

No description available.

No description available.