Thesis (PH. D.)--University of Chicago. / Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1962. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 55-57).

Thesis (PH. D.)--University of Chicago.

<p>Lymphoma is a group of malignant tumour diseases developing in the secondary lymphatic system. These diseases can develop in all organs as lymphocytes are ubiquitously in the body. In connection to mucus membranes we find mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, MALT, in which lymphoma can spontaneously but slowly develop, mostly at chronic inflammation or at autoimmune diseases. Today these diseases are incureable with the exception of some cases caused by <em>Helicobacter pylori</em>-infection. Antibiotic treatment of these cases can induce remissions.MALT-lymphomas have characteristic histological and molecular properties. One of these properties is the translocation t(11; 18)(q21; q21) API2-MALT1 (apoptosis inhibitor 2 – MALT-lymphoma associated translocation 1) . This means that the API2 gene in chromosome 11 and the MALT1 gene in chromosome 18 have been broken and the formed chromosome fragments changed places, which results in formation of new fusion genes. The fusion genes API2-MALT1 encodes a protein, which results in increased inhibition of apoptosis and increased nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation, which results in uncontrolled cell proliferation and tumour cells will be formed.The aim of this work was to detect and analyse the MALT1-gene in tumour cells from cases with the diagnosis MALT-lymphoma in order to study the outcome of translocations. This was carried out with FISH (fluorescence <em>in situ</em> hybridization) -technique. Fluorochrome-labelled probes hybridize to each side of the breakpoint of the MALT1-gene and the result is studied in a fluorescence microscope.The translocation t(11;18)(q21;q21) was found in 22% of the diagnosed MALT-lymphoma patients, which is in accordance to similar studies.</p><p>2008:BL7</p> / <p>Lymfom är en grupp maligna tumörsjukdomar som utvecklas i det sekundära lymfatiska systemet. Samtliga organ kan drabbas av sjukdomen eftersom lymfocyter finns i hela kroppen. I anslutning till slemhinnorna i kroppen finns mukosa-associerad lymfoid vävnad, MALT, som kan utveckla lymfom spontant, vid kronisk inflammation eller vid autoimmuna sjukdomar. MALT-lymfom utvecklas långsamt. Sjukdomen går idag inte att bota med undantag av en del fall som utlösts av en infektion med <em>Helicobacter pylori</em>. Antibiotikabehandling kan i dessa fall inducera remissioner.MALT-lymfom har karaktäristiska histologiska och molekylära egenskaper. En av dessa egenskaper är reciproka translokationer. Den mest förekommande translokationen vid MALT-lymfom är t(11;18)(q21;q21) API2-MALT1 (apoptosis inhibitor 2 — MALT-lymphoma associated translocation 1). Denna innebär att kromosom 11 i API2-genen liksom kromosom 18 i MALT1-genen har brustit av och att kromosomfragmenten bytt plats så att nya fusionsgener bildats. Den fusionsgen, som bildas i kromosom 11, kodar för proteinet API2-MALT1, vilket medför att apoptosen hämmas onormalt mycket samtidigt som nuclear factor (NF)-κB starkt aktiveras. Detta leder till okontrollerad cellproliferation, varigenom tumörceller bildas.Syftet med föreliggande studie var att studera utfallet av translokationer genom att påvisa MALT1-genen i tumörceller från fall som fått diagnosen MALT-lymfom. Detta utfördes med FISH(flourescense <em>in situ</em> hybridisation)-teknik. Flourokrommärkta prober binder då till var sida om brytpunkten på MALT1-genen och resultatet syns som färgade punkter då det studeras i flurescensmikroskop.Utfallet av translokationen t(11;18)(q21;q21) blev 22%, vilket stämmer överens med resultat från liknande studier.</p>

Th. doct.-ing.--Nutr., sci. de l'aliment., biochim. appl.--Nancy--I.N.P.L., 1980.

The aim of this work has been to minimize the thermal energy required to dry malt in deep beds while maintaining malt quality, and without increasing the drying time more than one hour. Malt drying usually takes place in deep bed (. 7-1 m) driers by forcing hot air through the bed. Measurements of inlet and outlet relative humidity, temperature, and airflow at a drier at Great Western Malting Company's Vancouver, Washington facility were made to find average moisture content versus time. The measurements were used to develop a wetted surface model of a malt bed. However, the model was not detailed enough to accurately fit the drying data taken from the kiln. Thus it was necessary to consider a more complex model. A diffusion based mathematical model of malt drying was coded using malt properties and drying equations found in the research of Bala (Ph.D. thesis, 1983). This program calculates moisture content and malt temperature in horizontal layers of a malt bed. Energy saving drying tests by airflow reduction methods were simulated with the program. The methods were designed to take advantage of the malt's internal drying mechanism, and they were effective at reducing energy consumption. However, model verification was necessary, and maintaining malt quality was essential. A deep bed experimental malt drier was built at Portland State University to allow malt temperature and average moisture content data collection. Drying experiments were performed at constant airflow, for several different drying temperature cases, and the highest experimental temperature with acceptable malt quality was found to be 7 5 C. Drying at 70 C (158 F) rather than at 63 C (145 F) was found to cause a 20% reduction in the thermal energy consumption, but higher temperatures did not significantly improve efficiency. The experimental moisture contents and grain temperatures generally compared well with diffusion model simulations of the experiments. Airflow reduction experiments decreased thermal consumption by 20% compared to typical drying schedules. These experiments were based on the airflow reduction methods learned from the diffusion model. However, diffusion model simulations using the experimental conditions showed thermal energy reductions of 11 %.

This thesis explores the genetic architecture of malting quality within the Virginia Tech barley breeding program, and discusses implications for imposing selection on complex traits that are difficult to phenotype. Malting quality measures are destructive, and can not be performed before selection must be made for advancement of breeding lines in winter barley. A growing body of evidence suggests that malt quality is influenced by malting regime, growing environment, line genotype, and the interactions between them. We aim to better understand the genetic effect on malt quality in two manners: first, as it relates to the genetic architecture regulating malt quality parameters, and second the relationship between genetic growth patterns to end-use malting traits. This study included two years of breeding trial data of two and six-row winter malt barley across two locations. Results of a genome-wide association scan and genomic prediction of malt quality traits indicated that they are largely quantitative traits with complex inheritance. Previous studies have identified quantitative trait loci and genes regulating malt quality traits in markedly different germplasm. Heritability of traits ranged from 0.27 to 0.72, while mean predictive abilities ranged from 0.45 to 0.74. Thus, selection on genomic estimated breeding values (gEBVs) should perform similarly to selection on single phenotypic observations of quality, but can be done within the same season. This indicates that genomic selection may be a viable method to accelerate genetic improvement of malting quality traits. The use of gEBVs requires that lines be genotyped with genome-wide markers, somewhat limiting the number of candidate individuals. Selection on growth and development traits genetically correlated with quality measures could allow for selection among a much greater number of candidates if high-throughput phenotypes can be collected on many ungenotyped indivduals. Growth and development was quantified by the near-infrared vegetation index (NDVI) extracted from aerial images captured from multiple time points throughout the growing season. Estimates of genetic correlation identified time points throughout the season when quality traits are related to growth and development. We demonstrated that aerial imagery can discern growth patterns in barley and suggest ways it can be incorporated into the breeding pipeline. / Master of Science / Malt barley (Hordeum vulgare) is the preferred source of fermentable sugar used to brew beer. Currently, the majority of malt barley used in the United States is grown in the upper mid-west or imported from Europe. The east coast could become a producing region if high quality, disease resistant varieties were available to growers. The Virginia Tech small grains breeding program began breeding locally adapted malt barley in 2010. This project aims to improve the breeding process by incorporating information from genomic sequencing, malt quality and aerial imagery. Malt barley differs from that used for animal feed or human food because specific quantities of starches, proteins, and enzymes are necessary in the brewing process. The quantity of these molecules are determined through lab analysis and determine the grain's suitability for particular brewing styles. This analysis is timeconsuming and costly because it involves a three-step process of malting the grain, brewing with the malt, and analyzing the wort. The wort is the liquid sugar solution which is produced by heating the malt with water to a high temperature in a process called 'mashing'. Lab quality analysis for the thousands of lines evaluated in a breeding program in any given year is unfeasible. However, by understanding the genetic regulation of malt quality traits, breeders can employ techniques like genomic selection to improve these traits in a shorter amount of time. Additionally, this work identifies relationships between growth and quality. The grain is the result of the plant's growth throughout the entirety of the season. Measuring growth repeatedly through time was previously difficult until the advent of aerial imagery. Images captured from drones have been used to quantify growth in a variety of plants, but is not extensively done in malt barley. Relating growth to quality will help breeders understand genetic patterns of growth and development which may be advantageous in the production of high quality malt barley.

This thesis describes the development of a maltingplant prototype with the capacity of 1ton per cycle. The Prototype is specifically developed for the use of Korngårdens Humle AB that are investigating the possibility to start malting barley for use in beer.  The project began with an extensive pre-study, where information on the process was collected. Some of the questions answered were: how it is done? What happens to the grain during the process? What are the products on the market today? What work has been done previously? And finally, what are the requirements of the process? Based on the information and requirements found and the wishes from Korngårdens Humle AB a customer demand specification was established. This was used as a foundation for concept development and finally for the selection of the suitable concept. The plant would be qualified for the three sub-processes in malting, steeping, germination and kilning. The concept chosen is based on two containers, one for steeping and one for the germination and kilning process. Project boundaries were set for only mechanical solutions to be solved. Sizing and selection of motors, pumps, valves and software was not included. Development of the digital prototype was documented along with FEM-analysis for critical parts. Alongside with the development a costing estimate was done to ensure that the demands was held and that the prototype was able to compete with existing plants on the market.

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