Orientador: Fausto Rodrigues Filho / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-20T01:35:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Villa_EmersonCarlos_M.pdf: 3957914 bytes, checksum: 1f9f3906be8dc7e7e327ed3ca428c2c1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1993 / Resumo: Neste trabalho apresenta-se um estudo das forças que ocorrem no contato entre as rodas de um veículo ferroviário (com truques rígidos) e os trilhos, quando este veículo descreve uma curva de raio constante. Levam-se em consideração as forças internas de microescorregamento geradas neste contato e as cargas externas que atuam na direção lateral, influenciadas pelo peso, velocidade, forças de tração, frenagem e impacto, parcela da força centrífuga não compensada pela superelevação, pela geometria da via permanente (raio de curva, bitola, " superlargura e tipo de trilho) e do veículo (folgas axiais existentes entre as caixas de mancal dos rodeiros e os pedestais dó truque, base rígida, distâncias entre eixos do truque e entre piões do estrado). Utilizou-se para sua realização um sistema de computador IBM 3090, existente na UNICAMP, com o qual simulou-se, através do modelo matemático proposto, o comportamento de duas locomotivas com suas características nominais a velocidades constantes. Em seguida verificou-se a influência de alguns parâmetros considerados mais importantes. Procedeu-se da mesma forma, porém mais resumidamente, para um terceiro modelo de locomotiva. Comparam-se e analisam-se as forças e momentos resultantes obtidGS nas simulações. epresentam-se graficamente os resultados mais significativos, utilizando-se um programa gráfico apropriado para microcomputador. Conclui-se que se pode simular em computador o comportamento dinâmico lateral dos truques rígidos de locomotivas e carros de passageiros, nas diversas condições de operação e geometrias do veículo e da via, o~tendo-se informações como forças, momentos e posições dos centros de fricção, que contribuem para o desenvolvimento do projeto, sua análise ou sua alteração, operação e segurança do veículo e para o projeto e manutenção da Via / Abstract: The study of forces that occur at the railway vehicle wheel (with rigids trucks) and rail interface, when this vehicle negotiates a section of curved track with a constant radius, is presented. The friction-creep intemals forces, generated at the wheel-rail interface and extemals loads acting at lateral direction affected by vehicle weight, speed, traction, braking and buffing loads, portion of centrífugal force not balanced by the elevation, by track (curvature radius, gage, gage widening and rail section) and vehicle geometry (wheelsets joumal boxes/pedestaIs clearances, wheel base, truck axles and platform pins distances) are considered. An IBM 3090 computer sys~em, available in UNICAMP, is used to simulate, througli the proposed mathematical model, the dynamic behaviour of two locomotives in their nominal features and steady-state condition. The influence of some importants parameters is considered. In the same way, but condensed, a third locomotive is simulated. The forces and moments are compared and analyzed. Graphs of significatives results are plotted, by using appropriated microcomputer software. It is concluded that is possible to simulate, with the help of a computer, the locomotives and passenger cars dynamic behaviour, for severals operation conditions, vehicle and track geometríes, getting information that contríbute for the design development, analysis or its alteration, vehicle operation, safety, track design and its maintenance / Mestrado / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

This thesis explores how familiar objects such as the homely recipe book hold our affection and shape our personal worlds. It takes its inspiration from a body of literature that only recently has explored in detail our relationship to mundane objects, subjecting these objects - and our feelings about them - to a serious scrutiny. The thesis is concerned with a material culture that takes us into domestic space, and to the objects within it to which we attach importance. Specifically, the inquiry explores the cultural mores surrounding the practice of cooking and writing food. It considers the interplay between public and private, male and female, self and other and the significance of the domestic space in each case. It asks how the culture of the recipe book helps shape female domestic identity, that is, the personae of women within the home, and as wives and mothers, as opposed to their public personae. This thesis studies the (until-recently) under-researched yet broad field - previously regarded as both too trivial and too formulaic to merit study - of homely recipe books. It considers the large collection of historic manuscripts of this genre available at the National Library of South Africa, in particular the collection of Louis C Leipoldt, and it regards these as part of a continuum with my own mother's recipe book. An important leitmotif of the study is the evolution of the recipe book from manuscript to printed, and from single copy to mass-produced text. On the one hand using recipe books as historical sources for the study of food and material culture, this study is also concerned with the affective impact of these texts, and more specifically what they say about the individuals and societies that made them. A central theme of the study is the role played in women's lives by the collecting and archiving of recipes through hand-written texts. My purpose is twofold: first, to bring these hidden histories to light, opening the kitchen door to the lives of ordinary women through their private writings; and second, to explore why the practice of writing food continues to be relevant into the present. I trace how homely recipe books are both exercises in personal authority as well as material traces of women's internal worlds and archives of the communities in which they exist. This study ultimately sees the return of the personalised recipe book as a route back to a positive and affirming female domestic identity, through a practice which is both therapeutic and self-actualising and which, through the act of archiving, brings together both past and present.

El presente trabajo muestra las características de una organización que opera en el rubro de suministro minero y el proceso de dirección de un proyecto de ampliación de su capacidad de producción para el cumplimiento de sus objetivos estratégicos de crecimiento. El proyecto busca incrementar la capacidad de producción de la empresa en un periodo de 15 meses. El trabajo desarrollado, está conformado por introducción y cuatro capítulos que corresponden a la presentación de características de la empresa y de aspectos generales del proyecto; información enfocada en la justificación del proyecto, documentos propios del proceso de dirección el proyecto y, finalmente, conclusiones y recomendaciones de los miembros participantes en este trabajo. El primer capítulo está orientado a describir el marco general de ejecución del proyecto, identificando características relevantes de la organización que definen detalles de las actividades a desarrollarse en el ámbito de la ejecución de proyectos de expansión de la empresa. La metodología a utilizar para el desarrollo del proyecto fue proporcionado por la organización cuyos procesos están alineados a las prácticas del PMI®, bajo esta metodología nos permite alcanzar las metas previamente establecidos por la organización. / Tesis

Calixsalens, which are vase-like structures with a salen unit at each of their triangular vertices, have unique properties that make them potential candidates for separation. However, the use of calixsalens for separation had not previously been studied. In this work, we synthesized two calixsalen derivatives using the concept of dynamic covalent bond formation (imine).1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass spectrometry and Single Crystal X-ray Diffraction (SCXRD) confirmed the successful formation of [3+3] macrocycles. We investigated the selective adsorption of hexane isomers by the calixsalens. 1H NMR and gas chromatography analyses showed that calixsalen is more selective towards branched hexane isomers (3-methylpenaten, 2-methylpentane, 2,2-dimethylbutane, and 2,3-diethylbutane) compared to n-hexane. Treatment of these macrocycles with different types of metal ions transformed their conformations from [3+3] to [2+2] macrocyclic metal complexes, which was confirmed by SCXRD. The calixsalen metal complexes were preliminary tested for Styrene/Ethylbenzene separation.

Orientador: José Carlos Rodrigues / Resumo: O estudo da Matemática, em especial da trigonometria é de suma importância para o desenvolvimento das ciências desde os primórdios dos tempos. Nesse trabalho abordamos o estudo das razões trigonométricas do triângulo retângulo até o círculo trigonométrico. Em análise feita na proposta curricular do Estado de São Paulo, detectamos a necessidade de novas abordagens de ensino que venham melhorar a qualidade deste nas salas de aula das escolas públicas, tornando o estudo do tema mais prazeroso e atrativo. O cenário presente na maioria das escolas públicas, destaca a falta de professor e o desinteresse dos alunos pela matemática, fatores que agravam a defasagem de conteúdo em relação ao ano/série que estão cursando. Diante desse cenário, apresentamos neste trabalho uma Sequência Didática que prevê a construção de materiais pedagógicos confeccionados pelos próprios alunos que permitam dinamizar as aulas, melhorando o estudo da trigonometria e oportunizando aos alunos à construção do próprio conhecimento, despertando mais interesse pelas aulas. A Sequência didática foi testada em uma turma da 2ª série de Ensino Médio de uma escola pública de área rural na cidade de Caiuá, São Paulo, utilizando os materiais em sala de aula e analisando os resultados obtidos. A proposta deste estudo é encontrar opção que viabilize o ensino do tema, otimizando o tempo de ensino, trabalhando estratégias como o uso de materiais concretos e ao final das atividades concluir que a aplicação dessas estratégi... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Mestre

Within the textual part, I was trying to describe the character of my project and explain both my working style and work essentials using particular examples. I have given a description of the initial points and the interconnection between individual parts and the base thoughts of this project.

Conscious consumerism is a layered phenomenon. "Going green," "fair trade," "buy organic," "carbon footprint," and "shop local think global" are now familiar phrases in the lexicon of American shopping strategies, and conscious consumerism has a relationship with all of them. Groups defined as socially responsible consumers and trends in ethical consumption have been studied for over thirty years. After decades of consumer research and theories about the effects of mass consumerism in culture, conscious consumerism products and marketing campaigns are now major contributors in redefining consumer practices in a postmodern world. The messages they deliver about the changing roles of consumers and consumer goods makes it suitable for rhetorical scholarship to develop a stronger participatory role in the research. I use theories of style, material, and visual rhetoric to examine conscious consumerism today. The texts I examine were also marketing and aesthetic phenomenon. Chapter Three features the "I'm Not a Plastic Bag" canvas tote designed by Anna Hindmarch that was sold at select stores around the world and was one of the first sensations in the reusable bag industry. In Chapter Four, I compare and contrast two artifacts, the Livestrong bracelet and the Support Our Troops magnetic ribbon. I discuss the issues of disposable display, of plastics as markers of belief, and nationalism in our buying practices. Chapter Five is about (Product) RED not just as design but about what its presence does when recognizing issues of globalization. Chapter Six consists of conclusions, limitations, parodic responses to conscious consumerism, and a call for eloquent consuming. While each chapter has a particular focus in theorizing the material of each case study--the communicative praxis of the material rhetoric of canvas, the relationship between the body and the materials bought to put on the body, and larger global concerns within the fabric of language and T-shirts--all three case studies share connections in terms of style and living in a postmodern age.

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been established as a rapid, in situ, and real-time spectroscopic analytical technique for material characterization. It is very handy for the study of all kinds of materials irrespective of their state. After being used for a Mars mission, LIBS has gained global attention and many scientific researches are investigating its applications. The main objective of this dissertation is to study the possibility of using laser spectroscopic sensing techniques for material characterization and if possible, to develop methodologies. Studying molecular emission spectra for elemental analysis is a relatively new trend in the spectroscopic field. Molecular emission from SrCl and SrO observed in LIBS spectra were analyzed and compared with atomic emission from Sr. Calibration models were developed using both molecular bands and atomic spectral peaks. The determination of nutritional elements in crops, vegetables, and fruits is very important to evaluate their nutritional status. The LIBS technique was applied to identify the nutritional elements present in cauliflower and broccoli, and to evaluate the difference between organic and conventional vegetables in terms of nutritional elements. Principal component analysis (PCA) and one-to-one comparison using Student's t-test were employed for discrimination between organic and conventional vegetable flowers. Early iron and steel production in the state of Pennsylvania (United States) mostly utilized blast furnaces that were operated by charcoal as a primary fuel, followed by anthracite, then coke. The process left behind a by-product known as blast furnace slag. Blast furnace slag, non-metallic in nature, appears to have various industrial applications. LIBS was used for the analysis of charcoal blast furnace slags and qualitative as well as quantitative analyses were demonstrated. To evaluate the possibility of using the LIBS technique to detect and quantify rare earth elements, three consecutive studies were executed. Firstly, pure oxides of six rare earth elements were studied and then real samples directly taken from natural ores were analyzed. In the third step, two rare earth elements (Eu and Yb) in aqueous solutions were studied by underwater LIBS and the pressure effect on the plasma emission is discussed.

The brain is one of the most important organ in the human body. During sports, athletes lead a risk of suffering from blows to the head that cause injuries. To protect the athletes from head injuries, the helmet plays an important role. During this study, different parts of the liners have been examined to see if the liner is composed of one single material. Tests have also been done to analyze if the liners behave differently during different strain rates. To investigate the issues mentioned above, samples from four different liners were gathered. The samples were examined by doing compression tests and the results were used to calculate Young’s Modulus, Poisson’s ratio and stress-strain curves. This paper does not include testing of the outer shell of the helmet, but is solely about the liner.   The results of the tests show that the difference in the amount of absorbed energy, can vary depending on what material the liner is made of. Also, depending on the material, different liners behave differently when the strain rate is varied.

An increasing need for smaller, higher-power-density devices is driving the development of more advanced topologies for use in power architectures. The challenge, however, is to reduce the size of the passive components in circuit boards (e.g., the inductors), which are typically the most bulky. There are two ways to approach this problem. The first is to redesign the flux in the inductor in order to minimize its size; the second is to optimize the magnetic properties of the constituent magnetic materials, which include permeability, density, resistivity, core loss density, saturation magnetization value, fluidity, sintering temperature, and others. Compared to altering the nature of solid magnetic materials to reduce space constraints, modifying the magnetic composite is preferred. The most popular candidates for use in magnetic composites are magnetic powders and polymer composites. In particular, when metal alloys are chosen as magnetic powders they have high initial permeability, high saturation magnetization values, but low electrical resistivity. Since polymers can serve as insulation materials, mixing metal alloys with polymers will increase electrical resistivity. The most common metal alloy used is nickel-iron (permalloy) and Metglas. Since existing modeling methods are limited in (a) that multiphasic composites cannot be utilized and (b) the volume fraction of magnetic particles must be low, this investigation was designed to utilize FE (finite element) simulation to analyze how magnetic properties change with the distribution of permalloy powder or Metglas flakes in composites. The primary magnetic properties of interest in this study are permeability and core loss density. Furthermore two kinds of magnetic composites were utilized in this investigation: a benzocyclobutene (BCB) matrix-permalloy and a benzocyclobutene (BCB) matrix-permalloy-based amorphous alloy (Metglas 2705M) material. In our FE simulations, a BCB matrix-permalloy composite was utilized in a body-centered cubic model with half-diameter smaller particles serving as padding. The composite was placed in a uniform magnetic field surrounded by a material whose relative permeability was equal to zero in simulation. In comparison to experimental results, our model was able to predict permeability of composites with volume fraction higher than 52%. It must be noted, however, that although our model was able to predict permeability with only 10% off, it was less effective with respect to core loss density findings. The FE model also showed that permeability will increase with an increasing volume fraction of magnetic particles in the composite. To modify the properties of the composite material, the model of the BCB matrix-permalloy-Metglas composite followed model simulations up to the point at which flakes were inserted in BCB matrix-permalloy composite. The thickness of flakes was found to be an important factor in influencing resulting magnetic properties. Specifically, when the thickness of flakes decreased to quarter size at the same volume fraction, the permeability increased by 15%, while core loss density decreased to a quarter of the original value. The analysis described herein of the important relationship between magnetic properties and the composites is expected to aid in the development and design of new magnetic composite materials. / Master of Science