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An adaptive resource reservation and handoff priority scheme, which jointly considers the characteristics from the physical, link and network layers, is proposed for a packet switching Multicode (MC)-CDMA cellular network supporting multimedia applications. A call admission region is derived for call admission control (CAC) and handoff management with the satisfaction of quality of service (QoS) requirements for all kinds of multimedia traffic, where the QoS parameters include the wireless transmission bit error rate (BER), the packet loss rate (PLR) and delay requirement. The BER requirement is guaranteed by properly arranging simultaneous packet transmissions, whereas the PLR and delay requirements are guaranteed by the proposed packet scheduling and partial packet integration scheme. To give service priority to handoff calls, a threshold-based adaptive resource reservation scheme is proposed on the basis of a practical user mobility model and a proper handoff request prediction scheme. The resource reservation scheme gives handoff calls a higher admission priority over new calls, and is designed to adjust the reservation-request time threshold adaptively according to the varying traffic load. The individual reservation requests form a common reservation pool, and handoff calls are served on a first-come-first-serve basis. By exploiting the transmission rate adaptability of video calls to the available radio resources, the resources freed from rate-adaptive high-quality video calls by service degradation can be further used to prioritize handoff calls. With the proposed resource reservation and handoff priority scheme, the dynamic properties of the system can be closely captured and a better grade of service (GoS) in terms of new call blocking and handoff call dropping probabilities(rates) can be achieved compared to other schemes in literature. Numerical results are presented to show the improvement of the GoS performance and the efficient utilization of the radio resources.

To satisfy the growing demands of the mobile and personal broadband communications, recently, many innovative technologies have been devised and extensively used for wireless transmission and reception. In the wireless communication systems, even though the performance would be degraded due to channel characteristics, such as multipath fading and background noise, those impacts can be eliminated dramatically through the utilization of diversity and combining. However, some different kinds of interfering sources, including the significant structure interference due to their operation as multiple access in the cellular communication systems, referred to as the multiple access interference (MAI), and inevitable jammers appeared in the overlapped frequency band for common utility, are still existing and now become the main difficulties to collapse the reception performance and system capacity. To suppress the interferences, some advanced signal processing methods, e.g., smart antenna (SA), multiuser detection, interference cancellation, adaptive optimization, and frequency/ frame synchronization, have been suggested to not only alleviate the effects fundamentally but also enhance the signal quality. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a significant multicarrier (MC) technology, and has been widely employed in some commercial communications, such as digital broadcasting and wireless local area network (WLAN). It is considered to be the one of the most promising techniques to combat multipath fading and MAI for the downlinks transmission of the broadband systems. Moreover, spatial processing exploits the diversity provided by SA or intelligent antenna arrays, in which the adaptive beamformer is utilized, and it is an alternative approach to increase the efficiency of wireless system capacity and performance without allocating additional frequency spectrum. It allows the system to make full use of spatial diversity due to multiple antennas. In this dissertation, the wireless communications based on the OFDM technique and the applications of SA are considered. Also, an adaptive linearly constrained (LC) approach via inverse QR-decomposition (IQRD) recursive least-squares (RLS) algorithm is emphasized. The proposed LC-IQRD-RLS algorithm has the merits, such as numerical stability, fast convergence rate, and implementation efficiency, over the conventional adaptive algorithms. Furthermore, by incorporating with derivative constraint, the narrowband array could improve the robustness against to the wideband and coherent jammers. Here, the iterative quadratic maximum likelihood (IQML) algorithm with norm constraint set is utilized to estimate the jammer subspace. Computer simulations verify that the use of narrowband beamformer with an appropriate algorithm, e.g., LC-IQRD-RLS or IQML, could achieve the desired performance for jammer suppression. Next, their applications to the MC-CDMA system with frequency combining process will be fully addressed. In fact, the frequency diversity is achieved through the optimization approach, based on constrained minimum output energy (CMOE) criterion. Unfortunately, it is very sensitive to the signal mismatch due to channel estimation error. To deal with the mismatch problem, the invariant-property provided by constant modulus (CM) criterion along with the LC-IQRD-RLS algorithm is developed. Simulation results show that the frequency combiner with the robust LCCM IQRD-RLS algorithm could be used to recover the transmitted signal without channel mismatch or distortion, and mitigate the MAI efficiently even in the significant near-far effect environment. To further enhance the detection performance and increase system capacity, the space-time MC-CDMA receiver is proposed by combining the advantages of SA and multicarrier transmission technique. This direct fully space-time MC-CDMA receiver can be implemented via a mathematical operator, i.e., kronecker product. For further investigation, a theoretical analysis could be evaluated under certain assumptions to obtain a closed-form expression of bit error rate (BER). This will help us look more inside the impacts due to the numbers of subcarriers and array sensors. In the last chapter, the familiar problem of carrier frequency offset (CFO) is investigated following the standard of IEEE 802.11 a/g OFDM-based WLAN. The overall frequency synchronization scheme consists of three parts, viz., the coarse and fine automatic frequency control (AFC) circuits, and phase locked loop (PLL). With the proposed frequency synchronization scheme, it reserves 2dB power consumption compared with the current specification even some timing issues presented.

There are many novel techniques have been invented to provide high-data rate with high quality communication services for future wireless communications systems. Recently, a novel digital modulation technology for multiple accesses, referred to as the Multi-Carrier Code Division Multiple Access (MC-CDMA), has been proposed to support high data rate transmission; it is based on the combination of CDMA and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). The MC-CDMA has been shown to be an effective technique for combating multipath fading. With MC-CDMA system, a user¡¦s spreading code can be modulated on separate subcarriers, undergo frequency-flat fading channel and offers frequency diversity advantage. But in a multi-user environment, othogonality among spreading codes is severely distorted due to multipath delay spread, such that the system capacity will be limited by the multiple access interferences (MAI). Similar situations exist due to possible narrowband interference (NBI) from other systems. Effective interference reduction will render system capacity to increase, which means interference suppression techniques are vital in improving overall system performance. In this thesis, we propose a new linearly constrained recursive least square algorithm, with diagonal loading approach, referred to as the DL-LC RLS algorithms, to further improve the system performance. The proposed diagonal loading RLS algorithm is different from conventional diagonal loading RLS algorithm, in which the diagonal loading was used to improve the robustness to pointing errors in beamforming problem. However, in this thesis, the diagonal loading approach could be used to alleviate the effect due to multiple access interference (MAI), such that under certain circumstances, better performance could be achieved. Basically, in the proposed algorithm, the power of interference plus noise of received signal will be estimated and subtracted from the diagonal terms of the autocorrelation matrix of received signal. After that instead of using the original autocorrelation matrix, the new correlation matrix, with subtracting power related to the interference plus noise, will be involved during the adaptation processes for updating the weights of the multi-user detector. Finally, computer simulation results, in terms of bit error rate, are used to demonstrate the merits of the proposed scheme compared with the conventional RLS algorithm approach without using the diagonal approaches.

Capacity of CDMA system is limited to interference due to other users. System performance is degraded by near-far problem when undesired users are closer to base station. Beside, the channel parameters could not be estimated perfectly at receiver, refer to as mismatch problem, which would also degrade the system performance. We would like to consider the MAI and near-far interference cancellation by adaptive linear constraint algorithms to implement linear constraint minimum variance (LCMV) approach. To exploit the linearly constrained filtering, the structure of the generalized side-lobe canceller (GSC) has been employed, where the constrained problem is converted into an unconstrained form with fewer parameters. GSC structure is an indirect but simpler implementation of LCMV algorithm. Moreover, it is also known that the constant modulus (CM) criteria has advantage to combat the channel mismatch, and the performance of the adaptive constraint algorithm based on CM criteria will be investigate. In this thesis, we will derive a new GSC-IQRD-RLS algorithm to combat MAI and near-far problems by combining LC-IQRD-RLS algorithm [1][5] and GSC structure [17]; and prove that the GSC and LC structures based IQRD-RLS algorithms are equivalent, which means that the good performance of LC-IQRD-RLS algorithm can be achieved by a simpler GSC structure algorithm. We will also derive a new GSC-CM-IQRD-RLS algorithm to improve the system performance under mismatch problem by combining CM criteria [20] and GSC-IQRD-RLS algorithm.

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No description available.

L'objectif des travaux réalisés dans le cadre de cette thèse est d'étudier l'association des techniques de transmission multi-antennes (MIMO) avec des schémas de réception itératifs dans un contexte de transmission sans fil haut débit.<br /><br />A largeur de bande et qualité de réception équivalentes, l'utilisation d'antennes multiples en communications numériques permet d'augmenter le débit utile de la transmission. Cependant sous l'hypothèse d'une non connaissance du canal à l'émission, les potentialités du canal MIMO ne sont généralement exploitées qu'au prix d'une réception très complexe, difficilement réalisable au sein d'un circuit intégré. <br /><br />Tout d'abord, afin de lutter contre la sélectivité fréquentielle et de simplifier le traitement en réception, nous choisissons d'associer la modulation multi-porteuses OFDM à des schémas de transmission MIMO. Par ailleurs, en étendant les résultats obtenus dans le domaine de la turbo-égalisation au contexte multi-antennes, nous étudions une technique de réception itérative adaptée au schéma de transmission MIMO-OFDM. L'utilisation de filtres linéaires optimisés au sens du critère Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) confère aux récepteurs une complexité raisonnable et conciliable avec les exigences d'implémentation.<br /><br />Les récepteurs proposés sont ensuite associés à des techniques complémentaires telles que le précodage linéaire ou le MC-CDMA. Il est démontré qu'en dimensionnant convenablement l'émission il est possible de tirer parti de toute la diversité du canal de propagation tout en exploitant de façon optimale sa capacité.<br /><br />Les performances de différents systèmes sont enfin évaluées sur différents canaux théoriques puis réalistes, en examinant notamment l'influence de la corrélation entre antennes et en intégrant la fonction d'estimation de canal. Dans ces différents contextes, la comparaison avec des systèmes conventionnels montre l'intérêt d'utiliser une réception itérative.

Afin de répondre aux besoins permanents de mobilité et de débit, l'émergence de la future quatrième génération de systèmes de radiocommunications repose autant sur le développement de nouvelles techniques de transmissions que sur la mise au point d'architectures matérielles performantes. Dans la recherche de modulations adaptées pour la couche physique de ces futurs réseaux, une approche pertinente repose sur la technique MC-CDMA, associant les techniques de modulations à porteuses multiples et l'étalement de spectre. L'extension de cette technique mono-antenne aux systèmes alliant un réseau d'antennes à l'émission et à la réception ou MIMO, est également très séduisante. Les techniques MIMO réalisées par des modulations codées en blocs ou en treillis offrent un regain de débit ou de robustesse. Ainsi, la combinaison de la technique MC-CDMA avec des techniques MIMO offre un panel de solutions répondant aux contraintes de mobilité et de débit. Les travaux de recherche présentés dans cette thèse ont pour buts l'étude et la mise en oeuvre pratique de systèmes de communications utilisant ces techniques innovantes. Notre travail a par ailleurs porté sur la définition et l'optimisation des méthodes de conception de tels systèmes vers des cibles architecturales hétérogènes. Ce travail fait partie intégrante du projet européen MATRICE et du projet région Bretagne PALMYRE.<br /><br />Après une présentation générale du contexte applicatif et des principes afférents aux systèmes MC-CDMA et aux techniques MIMO, une étude de la complexité et de l'intégration au sein d'une plate-forme de prototypage associant des composants DSP et FPGA est réalisée. Afin de proposer une démarche de conception efficace, nous envisageons l'application de la méthodologie MCSE pour le développement des systèmes étudiés. Ainsi, son flot complet de conception sera détaillé. L'intérêt de cette méthode pour l'optimisation de systèmes de transmissions reposant sur les techniques MC-CDMA et MIMO est ainsi démontré.

Les systèmes numériques de communications connaissent un essor considérable sous l'impulsion d'une demande de plus en plus pressante de mobilité, de diversité des services et d'intégration des applications multimédia les plus récentes. Les recherches présentées dans ce mémoire de thèse ont pour but l'étude de nouveaux systèmes de communications qui pourront s'appliquer aussi bien aux systèmes de radiocommunications mobiles qu'aux systèmes de communications à l'intérieur des bâtiments. L'élément nouveau est ici la combinaison de deux techniques : l'étalement de spectre permettant la mise en oeuvre d'un accès multiple à répartition de codes (AMRC) et les modulations à porteuses multiples (OFDM). Cette<br />combinaison permet de tirer partie de la robustesse et de l'efficacité spectrale de l'OFDM, et de la capacité d'accès multiple des techniques AMRC. Deux techniques associant l'OFDM et l'AMRC sont plus particulièrement analysées.<br /><br />La première technique, l'AMRC à porteuses multiples est étudiée sur un canal de Rayleigh à trajets multiples. En réception, plusieurs techniques d'égalisation ou de traitement de diversité sont mises en oeuvre et une approche plus globale de la détection est proposée. Elle consiste à intégrer la fonction de désétalement dans le processus d'égalisation, permettant ainsi d'améliorer la fiabilité de la détection. Ces techniques d'égalisation sont insérées et combinées de différentes façons dans des structures d'annulation d'interférences.<br /><br />Si le système AMRC à porteuses multiples est généralement proposé pour des liaisons synchrones ou quasi-synchrones, le système AMRC<br />multipilote peut être utilisé dans un contexte asynchrone. Les performances théoriques de ce système sont développées et comparées aux performances des systèmes AMRC à porteuse unique.