Preventive measurements as well as clinical caries diagnostics are vital to retain a good dental health in the population. In order for optimal caries diagnostics radiographs are used. There is a great intra- and intervariation regarding cariesprogression. A large number of tools for cariesprevention at home or in the clinic are today used. The aim of this journal study was to compare the progression of carieslesions in the approximal area, diagnosed on radiographs, and preventive measures used to reduce cariesprogression between two examine dates on two dental clinics. The study included 60 patients aged 23-30 with a treatment interval of 12-18 months at respective clinic. Results show that there at baseline were fewer approximal carieslesions at the Studerandekliniken than at Näsby FTV. Progression on one or more surfaces where found for 67 % of the individuals at Studerandekliniken compared with 90 % at Näsby FTV. Only a few individuals showed progression on ≥10 surfaces. Several individuals get more than one preventive measure against caries. Professional cleaning was the preventive action most often performed on both clinics. To conclude although the variations in given prevention seen between the two clinics, it is believed that all kinds of prevention may be positive in order to prevent cariesprogression.

Non-attendance and cancellations within dental care is a problem resulting in both financial and time consuming losses. The purpose of this questionnaire was to investigate different factors influencing non-attendance and cancellations. Six public and private dental clinics located in Skåne participated. Information about the clinics and patient-related factors were collected. Result: Totally 182 patients cancelling or not attending their appointment were registered. Cancellation the day before an appointment was most common. Private practices had the highest number of failed attendances and cancellations, of which a higher number of cancellations were seen the last day prior to the appointment. Patients 30-65 years old showed the highest number of cancellations/non-attendance. Men were more likely to fail an appointment, and women cancelled more often. Patients who live far from the clinic were more likely to cancel or fail their appointment. Examination was the kind of dental treatment that patients cancelled and failed to attend most often. Discussion: This study focus on some factors which may influence non-attendance and cancellations within dental care. It is however important to keep in mind that cancellation up to the day prior to appointment is legitimate since the clinic then can book another patient.

The aim of the study was to investigate the knowledge about oral health and the experience of personal and professional oral care among secondary school students. The study consisted of 201 students in eleventh grade from one urban and one rural school in Livingstone and Sesheke, Zambia. A questionnaire with 34 questions was handed out and collected by the authors. The study showed a higher knowledge among the students from the urban area compared to the rural. Most students had received information about oral diseases and oral care, but a lower number was seen at the rural school. Parents and teachers were the principal informants. A majority of the students used toothbrush and toothpaste on a daily basis, but only a minor part of the group brushed at bedtime which is commonly recommended. Many students had a daily intake of one to five meals, the study showed that females and urban students had more frequent intakes compared to males and rural students. Almost half of the students had visited a dentist, but a large number had experienced problems without seeking care. The most common oral problem among the study population was toothache. Overall, though the students had good oral habits and rather good knowledge a need for further information was seen.

The aim of this study was to examine musculoskeletal disorders among dental hygienists in relation to work postures (sitting, standing, and altering) and to study differences in the groups regarding numbers of disorders, locations and degrees. A mail questionnaire was distributed among 200 dental hygienists in the region of Skåne. The response rate was 79 %. The majority of the dental hygienists were working in a sitting position. Only 43 dental hygienists were altering their working position and two were working in a standing position. The results showed that 85 % of the dental hygienists have experienced musculoskeletal disorders in the last 12 months. Seven different complaint areas were described and multiple complaints from two-three areas were most common. Numbers and locations of disorders were similar between the sitting and altering groups. Most of the dental hygienist has a low degree of pain but the numbers of dental hygienists in per cent with severe pain is most common in the sitting group. No significant differences can bee seen but the tendency in per cent shows that the dental hygienists in the altering group has less number of disorders and in a lower degree than the dental hygienists in the sitting group.

Bakgrund: Folkhälsan i Sverige beror till viss del på befolkningens matvanor. Matvanor grundläggs i de tidiga åren vilket ger den offentliga miljön, exempelvis förskolor, stora möjligheter att skapa goda förutsättningar för barnens matvanor. På såväl global som nationell nivå finns flera styrdokument som berör barns matvanor och hälsa. Det debatteras ofta vilka risker befolkningens matvanor innebär. Vi ville öka förståelsen för matens möjligheter genom ett salutogent perspektiv. Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka förskolepersonals uppfattningar om hur goda matvanor kan främjas bland barn på förskolor. Material och metod: Med kvalitativ ansats genomfördes sju halvstrukturerade intervjuer med förskolepersonal på två förskolor i södra Sverige. Materialet analyserades med inspiration från innehållsanalys. Resultat: Informanterna uppfattade att förskolan har ett stort ansvar för barns matvanor. Förskolan ansågs ha stora möjligheter att främja goda matvanor bland barn, exempelvis genom att förebilder fungerar som gott exempel, att skapa en trevlig stämning vid matbordet samt att utesluta tvång i matsituationen. Informanterna nämnde även betydelsen av att personal på förskolan agerar samspelt. Slutsatser: Att arbeta hälsofrämjande med barn är av betydelse för folkhälsan i Sverige. Genom att använda förskolan som arena för hälsofrämjande insatser nås en stor andel barn i förskoleåldern. Vår studie ger exempel på arbetssätt för att främja goda matvanor och kan fungera som inspirationskälla för de som arbetar med barn på förskolor. Introduction: Public health in Sweden depends partly on the population’s food habits. Food habits are formed early on in life, which provides the public sector, for example preschools, with good opportunities for creating positive food habits among children. On a global as well as on a national level there are several documents concerning food habits and the health of children. There is a continuing debate about the risks of the population’s food habits. We wanted to increase the understanding regarding the opportunities of food, through a salutogenetic perspective. Aim: The aim was to examine preschool staff’s perceptions regarding the promotion of healthy food habits among children. Methods: Using a qualitative method we carried out seven semi-structured interviews with preschool staff from two preschools in southern Sweden. The interviews were analysed with inspiration from content analysis. Results: The interviewees thought that schools have a great responsibility for children’s food habits. It was said that schools have great scope when it comes to promoting healthy food habits among children, for example through role-models serving as good examples, creating a pleasant atmosphere at table, and excluding coercion from the food situation. The interviewees also mentioned the importance of teamwork within the preschool staff. Conclusions: The promotion of health among children is of great value for the public health in Sweden. By using preschool as a setting, a large number of children are included in health-promotion efforts. Our study provides examples of how to work in creating positive food habits among children. It may also serve as a source of inspiration for people working with children in preschools.

Background: Daily news reports of school violence, bullying and harassment are common. The school has developed into an arena which has been exposed into a growing unhealthyness. Paradoxically, financial resources decreases while demands on school staff increases. How does school staff and personal cope with these demands? Aim: We sought to study sense of coherence among school employees in two schools; a comparison between one health promotional school and one school in the process of working with health promotion. We also studied the Sense of Coherence through questions about Health, Dialogue, Participation, Evaluation, Information and Meaningfulness. Method and material: We conducted a survey with 93 participants from the two schools in order to compare employees’ the Sense of Coherence and their work situation. Result: Results show similar results and the Sense of Coherence seems to be prevalent in the work situation on both schools. Conclusion: The most important in health promotion is not that the school is connected to the concept health promotional school. It is more important to invest in a better health for everyone who has school as a workplace. The school is an excellent arena to unite public health with the already existing knowledge of aspects of learning.

Det är vetenskapligt underbyggt att det finns ett tydligt samband mellan omfattning av fysisk aktivitet och hälsotillstånd. Genom att öka den fysiska aktiviteten går det att komma åt en av de stora grundorsakerna till vällevnadssjukdomar, fysisk inaktivitet. Fysisk aktivitet på recept (FaR) är en metod i ett steg mot en mer hälsofrämjande hälso- och sjukvård och för att etablera en långsiktig förändring av samhällets syn på fysisk aktivitet. Utvärderingar visar såhär långt att mer motivation och kunskap krävs hos vårdpersonalen för att arbeta efter FaR-metoden. Syftet är att undersöka attityden till FaR bland sista-termins studenter på läkar-, sjuksköterske-, sjukgymnast- och arbetsterapeut- utbildningen, samt om utbildningarna gett förutsättningar att kunna arbeta med metoden i framtiden. Metoden som användes var en kvantitativ enkätundersökning och genomfördes vid två lärosäten i Skåne län. Resultatet visade att studenternas attityd till FaR var positiv. Respondenterna visade dock ingen sammanhållen bild av innehållet utbildningarna. Diskussionen handlar till stor del om att redan i utbildningen introducera FaR så att studenterna känner självförmåga att hantera metoden i framtiden. Det anser vi kan skapa goda förutsättningar till ett positivt bemötande av FaR-metoden ute i arbetslivet. Studies show that regular, frequent physical activity can lead to a range of health benefits and prevent chronic illnesses. “Exercise on prescription” has emerged from the desire to have a more health promoting approach in the medical service and also to develop more active lifestyles. Evaluations show that practitioners need more knowledge and motivation in order to work with “exercise on prescription” interventions. The purpose of this study was to examine the attitudes towards “exercise on prescription” amongst last-term students on medical training, nurse training, physiotherapist- and occupational therapist training. And also examine if the vocational training has given the prerequisite to work with the method. Quantitative data analysis was used by handing out questionnaires to the students at two universities in the southern part of Sweden. Results show that the students expressed positive attitudes toward exercise on prescription but there is insecurity about their knowledge and readiness to work with it. Conclusions we made were that education can increase the students self-efficacy which we believe can provide for the students’ readiness to work with “exercise on prescription” in the future.

BACKGROUND: A Pressure ulcer means much suffering for many people. It also leads to big economical costs for the society. Therefore it’s of great importance to prevent pressure ulcers. If pressure ulcers are to be prevented nurses need to have sufficient knowledge about preventive strategies. PURPOSE: To elucidate nurses’ knowledge and attitudes towards pressure ulcer prevention and working methods. METHOD: A literature studie based on twelve scientifically articles that were chosen from electronical databases and then examined. The result was divided in to three main categories and two subcategories. RESULTS: Nurses think that pressure ulcer prevention is of great importance. Many nurses think that their clinical glance is a better tool than any risk assessment tool. Risk assessments are completed in most wards with in 24 hours after admission to the ward. Nurses assess the patients correct in most cases but occasionally nurses have a tendency to size up the patients in a higher category of risk. Many nurses also believe that massage is a good method fore preventing pressure ulcers despite it’s not. CONCLUSION: Nurses have good knowledge about recommended preventive measures but they still use non recommended preventive measures. This may depend on that nurses are not keeping themselves up to date.

Physical activity is required for a good health and science shows a clear connection between exercise and a lower risk for disease. Still, the physical activity among the population is far from good. It is the individuals own responsibility to exercise, but the society also has a responsibility to give opportunities to exercise for the population. The aim with the study was to investigate what motivated the group of physical active people to use the Central hospital in Kristianstad’s health program. A qualitative interview study was made in the hospital’s emergency ward. The result of the study showed that individuals want to see some kind of results from their practice of physical activity, for example weight reduction and improved condition. What motivates people to exercise is individual, but social support is very important. There was opportunities for physical activity but because the lack of information it did not reach out to the staff. This means that the health program did not reach them who, maybe, needed it the most.

Bakgrund: Kronisk obstruktiv lungsjukdom (KOL) är en folksjukdom som karaktäriseras av nedsatt lungfunktion. Det finns olika orsaker till sjukdomen, varav rökning är den dominerande. KOL påverkar inte bara patienters fysiska hälsa, utan även deras psykiska och sociala välbefinnande. Kunskapen kring patienters erfarenheter av KOL är otillräcklig, för att sjukvårdspersonal skall kunna bemöta patienter på ett professionellt sätt krävs en ökad kunskap. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva patienters erfarenheter av att leva med kronisk obstruktiv lungsjukdom. Metod: Litteraturstudien grundades på 16 kritiskt granskade vetenskapliga artiklar, där både kvalitativa och kvantitativa artiklar inkluderades. Resultat: I resultatet framkom hur KOL påverkade patienter, både fysiskt, psykologiskt och socialt samt hur patienter anpassade sig i det dagliga livet. Diskussion: Det framkom både likheter och skillnader i artiklarna. Sjuksköterskor måste ha ett professionellt förhållningssätt samt hålla sig ajour med ny forskning kring sjukdomen.