No description available.

The study is a retrospective review of pre-schoolers 6 years old and younger who were referred to the Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital Child, Family and Adolescent Unit, Johannesburg for psychiatric intervention between 1 January 2006 and 31 December 2010. The study described and analysed demographics and the various characteristics of children 6 years old and under who were referred to the unit for psychiatric intervention. The several psychiatric conditions and interventions were also evaluated. One hundred and forty nine (149) pre-schoolers who were 6 years old and under presented to the Unit and the majority were male (77.2%;N=115). The mean age of presentation was 54 months (SD=12.59) and the majority of the pre-schoolers were referred to the Unit by medical professionals. Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) was the most common presenting condition. Girls were more likely to present with Anxiety disorders (44.1%;15/34) and Reactive Attachment Disorder (35.3%;12/34) and boys were more likely to present with Autism Spectrum Disorders (26%;30/115). There were no statistical differences in the rates of Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder between girls (38.2%;13/34) and boys (43.6%;65/115) with ADHD (x2=2.705; df=1; p=0.1001). A psychological assessment was conducted in 68.5 % (102/149) of referrals. Almost half the children (46.3%; N=69) received pharmacological intervention. The defaulting rate after the initial assessment was high. The study highlights the frequency of psychiatric illness in pre-schoolers and necessitates the need to conduct further research in this vulnerable age group at other clinical sites.

Dissertation (Ph.D.).--University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at San Antonio, 2007. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin, School of Nursing, 1974. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record.

Orientador: Maria Alice Ornellas Pereira / Banca: Magda Cristina Queiroz Dell'Acqua / Banca: Ana Lúcia Machado / Resumo: Considerando que, além do sofrimento psíquico, as pessoas portadoras de transtorno mental também podem padecer de doenças físicas, e, portanto, podem ser atendidas em serviços não específicos, como o hospital geral, este trabalho teve como objetivo Identificar as percepções dos enfermeiros de um hospital geral acerca dos transtornos mentais ao lidarem com os pacientes psiquiátricos em seu cotidiano de trabalho. Trata-se de uma pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa, as narrativas foram analisadas embasadas na análise temática e o referencial teórico de Benedetto Saraceno e Emerson Elias Merhy, autores que abordam a reabilitação psicossocial e o processo de cuidar, respectivamente. Foram entrevistados dez enfermeiros e da análise dos discursos produzidos emergiram três temas: o preconceito, a carência de conhecimento na área de saúde mental e a deficiência no cuidado. A discussão dos temas demonstrou que o preconceito sobre os portadores de transtorno mentais ainda é presente na percepção dos enfermeiros, aparecendo de diversas maneiras, como mecanismos de defesa, formas de poder e atitudes de exclusão e discriminação. A carência de conhecimento foi evidenciada, tendo como fatores importantes a formação acadêmica e as condições pessoais internas dos sujeitos. Já a deficiência no cuidado apontou a prevalência do modelo biologicista, pautado na medicalização, que tem como consequência a dicotomia no cuidado. A partir destas reflexões, vê-se a importância de haver uma cultura institucional de valorização do cuidado e das pessoas, evidencia-se a necessidade de modificar conceitos antigos, como também, torna-se necessário a articulação da rede de atenção à saúde mental, da qual faz parte o hospital geral, como ferramenta fundamental para uma assistência completa à pessoa portadora de transtorno mental / Abstract: Considering that besides the psychological distress, people with mental disorders may also suffer from physical illnesses, and therefore, they can be treated in not specific services, such as the general hospital. This study aimed to identify the perceptions of nurses in a general hospital about mental disorders when dealing with psychiatric patients in their daily work. It is a qualitative approach and the narratives were analyzed based on thematic analysis and theoretical of Benedetto Saraceno and Emerson Elias Merhy, authors who address the psychosocial rehabilitation and care process, respectively. Ten nurses were interviewed and the analysis of their speeches came across three themes: prejudice, lack of knowledge on mental health and deficiencies in care. The discussion of the issues showed that prejudice on people with mental disorder is still present in the perception of nurses, appearing in several ways, such as mechanisms of defense, forms of power and attitudes of exclusion and discrimination. The lack of knowledge was evident having as important factors the academic and personal internal conditions of the participants of this study. The deficiency in care, however, showed the prevalence of biological model, ruled by medicalization, which causes the dichotomy in the care. From these reflections, we see the importance of having an institutional culture of appreciation of care and people, showing the need to change old concepts. The articulation of the network of mental health care, witch the general hospital is part of it, is also important, and works as a fundamental tool for expanded and complete assistance to people with mental disorders as well / Mestre

The adenosine system has become a promising target for the treatment of schizophrenia due to its unique relationship with dopamine D2 receptors. Dopamine D2 receptors display heightened sensitivity in schizophrenia, and inhibition of these receptors has been shown to alleviate some of the psychotic symptoms of the disorder. Inhibition of adenosine A(2A) receptors has been shown to decrease dopamine D2 receptor sensitivity, making this receptor a potential target for treatment of the disorder. This effect occurs because adenosine A(2A) receptors form a mutually inhibitory heterodimeric complex with dopamine D2 receptors. The present study looked at the effects of an adenosine agonist on prepulse inhibition (PPI) and cyclic-AMP response binding element protein (CREB) concentrations in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) using a rodent model of schizophrenia (NQ model) that presents with increased D2 receptor sensitivity. Results showed that the A(2A) agonist was effective in improving PPI in NQ-treated animals. The agonist was also effective in reducing increased CREB concentrations in the NAc of NQ-treated animals to control levels. The effectiveness of the agonist suggests that the adenosine system may be a viable target for the treatment of some of the psychotic symptoms associated with schizophrenia.

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Medicine in the branch of Psychiatry. Johannesburg November 2017. / Background: Mental Disorders and Substance Use Disorders (SUD) commonly occur together, termed dual diagnosis, this is associated with poorer functioning, higher suicidality rates, hospitilisation, greater risk for crime and high health risk behavior. Methods: Cross-sectional study with a sample size of 150 participants, gathered over 4 months. Data was collected with a structured clinical interview, and inpatient hospital records. Alcohol and drug misuse was screened for using the AUDIT and DUDIT respectively. A descriptive analysis was then made, prevalence of substance misuse was determined, and comparisons were made between those with and without substance misuse. Results: The study group was predominantly young, single, african, unemployed men. The leading presenting symptoms were psychosis, aggression and mania, requiring mostly involuntary admissions, with a mean of 14 days hospital stay. Twothirds of the participants were classified as substance misusers, these were significantly younger men, more often brought to hospital by the police or ambulance, and showed higher rates of substance use and substance-induced disorders. Conclusion: This highlights the benefit of using screening tools for diagnosing substance use, and the need for improved management of those with a dual diagnosis. / LG2018

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Univ., 2002. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

No description available.

No description available.