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by Chung-Kwong Wong. / Thesis (M.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1990. / Includes bibliographies. / Title Page / Dedication / Table of Contents --- p.iii / Abstract --- p.ix / List of Pictures and Figure --- p.xiii / List of Tables --- p.xiv / Acknowledgements --- p.xviii / Statement of Originality --- p.xxi / Chapter PART I --- INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUNDS TO THE STUDY / Chapter CHAPTER ONE --- INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW OF THE THESIS --- p.2 / Chapter CHAPTER TWO --- CHILD PSYCHIATRIC EPIDEMIOLOGY: CONCEPTUAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES --- p.7 / "Definition of ""Caseness""" --- p.7 / Classification of Specific Psychiatric Syndromes --- p.9 / Sampling --- p.12 / Sources of Information --- p.13 / Data Acquisition Through Questionnaires --- p.16 / Data Acquisition Through Interviews --- p.17 / The Multi-stage and the Multi-method Approach --- p.19 / Statistical Presentations --- p.20 / Summary --- p.20 / Chapter CHAPTER THREE --- PREVALENCE OF CHILD PSYCHIATRIC MORBIDITY： A CROSS-CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE --- p.22 / Some Earlier and More Problematic Studies --- p.22 / Some Earlier and Better Designed Studies --- p.24 / Chapter (1) --- The Buffalo Study (U.S.) --- p.24 / Chapter (2) --- The Isle of Wight and London Studies (U.K.) --- p.25 / Chapter (3) --- The Newcastle Studies (U.K.) --- p.26 / More Recent Studies --- p.28 / Chapter (1) --- The Ontario Child Health Study (Canada) --- p.28 / Chapter (2) --- The Queensland Study (Australia) --- p.29 / Chapter (3) --- The Dunedin Study (New Zealand) --- p.29 / Chapter (4) --- The North Troendelag County Study (Norway) --- p.31 / Chapter (5) --- The Puerto Rico Study (U.S.) --- p.32 / Chapter (6) --- Other Studies --- p.33 / Summary --- p.34 / Chapter CHAPTER FOUR --- THE PURSUIT OF AETIOLOGICAL FACTORS --- p.35 / The Search for Aetiological Factors - General Conceptual Issues --- p.35 / The Search for Aetiological Factors ´ؤ General Methodological Issues --- p.41 / Normal and Psychiatrically Disturbed Children 一 a Comparison of Their Families --- p.42 / The Search for Aetiological Factors - the Life Event Approach --- p.45 / Summary --- p.48 / Chapter CHAPTER FIVE --- THE PREVALENCE OF PSYCHIATRIC MORBIDITY AMONG CHINESE CHILDREN --- p.50 / Psychiatric Morbidity among Chinese Children --- p.50 / Summary --- p.54 / Chapter CHAPTER SIX --- CHILD PSYCHIATRY IN HONG KONG: HISTORICAL AND CLINICAL PERSPECTIVES --- p.55 / A Historical Perspective of Child Psychiatry in Hong Kong --- p.55 / The Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Unit at The Prince of Wales Hospital --- p.58 / Chapter (1) --- Clinical Practice --- p.60 / Chapter (2) --- Undergraduate Teaching --- p.66 / Chapter (3) --- Postgraduate Training and Training of Other Professional Disciplines --- p.67 / Chapter (4) --- Research --- p.67 / Summary --- p.68 / Chapter PART II --- THE STUDY: PSYCHIATRIC MORBIDITY AMONG CHILDREN FROM A PRIMARY SCHOOL IN A LOWER MIDDLE SOCIAL CLASS AREA IN HONG KONG / Chapter CHAPTER SEVEN --- "THE STUDY: THE RESEARCH HYPOTHESES, THE SAMPLE AND THE METHOD" --- p.70 / The Research Hypotheses --- p.70 / Description of the Sample --- p.71 / The First Stage of the Study --- p.73 / Chapter (1) --- The Design of the Multiple Criterion Screening Procedures --- p.69 / Chapter (2) --- The Individual Components of the Multi-component Scale --- p.78 / Chapter (3) --- The Cut-off Point on the Aggregate Score of the Multi-component Scale --- p.81 / Chapter (4) --- The Specific Probing Questions --- p.82 / Chapter (5) --- Missing Cases --- p.83 / The Second Stage of the Study --- p.84 / Chapter (1) --- The Second Stage Sample --- p.84 / Chapter (2) --- The Diagnostic Interview --- p.84 / The Third Stage of the Study --- p.86 / Chapter (1) --- The Third Stage Sample --- p.86 / Chapter (2) --- Interview by Medical Students --- p.86 / Aspects of Diagnosis --- p.87 / An Appraisal of the Method --- p.87 / Summary --- p.88 / Chapter CHAPTER EIGHT --- ASSESSMENT OF THE SCREENING PROCEDURES --- p.89 / "Definition of ""Caseness""" --- p.89 / An Overall Evaluation of the Screening Procedures --- p.90 / An Evaluation of the Individual Components of the Screening Procedures --- p.95 / Constructing Simplified Screening Procedures --- p.104 / Discussion --- p.108 / Chapter (1) --- An Overall Appraisal of the Performance of the Screening Procedures --- p.108 / Chapter (2) --- A Cross-Cultural Comparison of the Screening Procedures --- p.109 / Chapter (3) --- Simplified Alternatives of the Screening Procedures --- p.112 / Chapter (4) --- Alternative Research Approaches to Designing Child Psychiatric Screening Procedures for Hongkong --- p.113 / Summary --- p.114 / Chapter CHAPTER NINE --- THE PREVALENCE OF PSYCHIATRIC MORBIDITY --- p.116 / Aspects of Diagnosis --- p.117 / Chapter (1) --- Classification of Specific Psychiatric Syndromes --- p.117 / Chapter (2) --- The Level of Adaptive Functioning --- p.121 / Chapter (3) --- The Duration of Morbidity --- p.122 / Calculation of Prevalence Rates and Confidence Limits --- p.123 / Prevalence Rates of Specific Psychiatric Syndromes --- p.125 / Discussion --- p.131 / Chapter (1) --- An Appraisal of the Method --- p.131 / Chapter (2) --- The Cross´ؤCultural Similarities --- p.135 / Chapter (3) --- The Controversial Case of the Hyperkinetic Syndromes --- p.137 / Chapter (4) --- The Cross-Cultural Differences --- p.139 / Chapter (5) --- The Subclinical Cases: Implications for Preventive Psychiatry --- p.140 / Chapter (6) --- Representativeness of the Sample and the Generalizability of the Results --- p.141 / Summary --- p.142 / Chapter CHAPTER TEN --- ASSOCIATED ABNORMAL PSYCHOSOCIAL SITUATIONS --- p.144 / Definitions of the Psychosocial Aetiological Factors --- p.145 / Statistical Approaches --- p.148 / The Psychosocial Aetiological Factors in the Sample --- p.150 / Discussion --- p.162 / Chapter (1) --- An Appraisal of the Method --- p.162 / Chapter (2) --- Abnormal Psychosocial Situations in Emotional Disorder and the Two Conduct Disorders in Boys --- p.166 / Chapter (3) --- Abnormal Psychosocial Situations in Conduct Disorders and the Hyperkinetic Syndromes in Boys --- p.168 / Chapter (4) --- Current Abnormal Psychosocial Situations and Emotional Disorder in Girlsi The Gender Factor --- p.171 / Chapter (5) --- Abnormal Psychosocial Situations and Subclinical Cases --- p.172 / Chapter (6) --- The Chinese Approach to Parenting and Socialization - the Influence of Culture --- p.173 / Summary --- p.175 / Chapter CHAPTER ELEVEN --- IMPLICATIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHILD PSYCHIATRY IN HONG KONG --- p.177 / Treatment of Psychiatrically Disturbed Children --- p.177 / Prevention --- p.178 / Undergraduate Medical Education --- p.180 / Research --- p.180 / Child and Adolescent Psychiatry as an Independent Subspecialty in Hong Kong --- p.181 / Summary --- p.182 / Chapter CHAPTER TWELVE --- CONCLUSION --- p.184 / Methodology --- p.184 / Salient Aspects of the Results --- p.186 / Implications for the Future --- p.187 / References --- p.189 / Chapter Appendix --- Selected Publications by the Author --- p.215

by Yu Hong. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 91-100). / ABSTRACT --- p.I / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.III / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.IV / Chapter CHAPTER ONE - --- INTRODUCTION AND STATEMENT OF RESEARCH PROBLEM --- p.1 / Chapter CHAPTER TWO - --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1 --- Psychiatric morbidity in Western patients with fatigue --- p.7 / Chapter 2.2 --- Chronic fatigue syndrome as a contemporary version of neurasthenia --- p.9 / Chapter 2.3 --- The evolution of Shenjing Shuairuo in Chinese societies --- p.11 / Chapter 2.4 --- The place of fatigue in Shenjing Shuairuo --- p.15 / Chapter 2.5 --- Shenjing Shuairuo and chronic fatigue syndrome --- p.17 / Chapter 2.6 --- Mood disturbances in Shenjing Shuairuo --- p.20 / Chapter 2.7 --- Somatization in Shenjing Shuairuo --- p.23 / Chapter 2.8 --- Current and future research issues --- p.25 / Chapter CHAPTER THREE - --- OBJECTIVES AND HYPOTHESES --- p.28 / Chapter 3.1 --- Objectives --- p.29 / Chapter 3.2 --- Significance --- p.29 / Chapter 3.3 --- Hypotheses --- p.30 / Chapter CHAPTER FOUR - --- METHOD --- p.32 / Chapter 4.1 --- Research design --- p.33 / Chapter 4.2 --- Site of study --- p.35 / Chapter 4.-3 --- Subjects --- p.35 / Chapter 4.4 --- Instruments --- p.37 / Chapter 4.5 --- "Coordination, training and reliability" --- p.41 / Chapter 4.6 --- Summery of procedure --- p.42 / Chapter 4.7 --- Data management and analysis --- p.45 / Chapter CHAPTER FIVE - --- RESULT --- p.46 / Chapter 5.1 --- Sociodemography --- p.47 / Chapter 5.2 --- DSM-III-R diagnoses --- p.49 / Chapter 5.3 --- The diagnosis of neurasthenia --- p.51 / Chapter 5.4 --- The diagnosis of chronic fatigue syndrome --- p.51 / Chapter 5.5 --- Psychopathological profiles --- p.52 / Chapter 5.6 --- Aspects of illness experience --- p.54 / Chapter 5.7 --- Comparison by diagnostic categories --- p.59 / Chapter 5.8 --- Duration and severity of fatigue --- p.64 / Chapter 5.9 --- Comparison by sex --- p.67 / Chapter CHAPTER SIX - --- DISCUSSION --- p.69 / Chapter 6.1 --- Psychiatric morbidity of patients with chronic fatigue --- p.70 / Chapter 6.2 --- "Shenjing Shuairuo, depression and anxiety disorders" --- p.72 / Chapter 6.3 --- The delegitimation of fatigue --- p.75 / Chapter 6.4 --- Shenjing Shuairuo and chronic fatigue syndrome --- p.77 / Chapter 6.5 --- Shenjing Shuairuo and somatization --- p.81 / Chapter 6.6 --- Limitations of study --- p.84 / Chapter CHAPTER SEVEN - --- CONCLUSION AND FUTURE DIRECTION --- p.88 / Chapter 7.1 --- Conclusion --- p.89 / Chapter 7.2 --- Suggestions for future research --- p.90 / REFERENCES --- p.92

Leung Siu-Ngan. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 72-74). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Background --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Structure and Contents of Data Sets --- p.6 / Chapter 2 --- Estimation of Prevalence of Mentally Disorders --- p.10 / Chapter 2.1 --- Likelihood Function Approach --- p.10 / Chapter 2.2 --- Maximum Likelihood Estimation via EM Algorithm --- p.13 / Chapter 2.3 --- The SEM Algorithm --- p.16 / Chapter 3 --- Estimation of Lifetime Comorbidity --- p.24 / Chapter 3.1 --- What is Comorbidity? --- p.24 / Chapter 3.2 --- Likelihood Function Approach --- p.25 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Likelihood Function Model --- p.27 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Maximum Likelihood Estimation via EM Algorithm --- p.28 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Odds Ratio --- p.31 / Chapter 4 --- Logistic Regression --- p.35 / Chapter 4.1 --- Imputation Method of Missing Values --- p.35 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Hot Deck Imputation --- p.35 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- A logistic Regression Imputation Model for Dichotomous Response --- p.40 / Chapter 4.2 --- Combining Results from Different Imputed Data Sets --- p.47 / Chapter 4.3 --- Itemization on Screening --- p.60 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Methods of Weighting on the Screening Questions --- p.61 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Statistical Analysis --- p.62 / Chapter 5 --- Conclusion and Discussion --- p.68 / Appendix: SRQ Questionnaire --- p.69 / Bibliography --- p.72

O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar prevalência dos transtornos mentais comuns (TMC) e bebedores problemas (BP) e também a utilização de serviços, a partir de estudo seccional, populacional com amostragem aleatória. Incluiu-se sujeitos com 16 anos e mais, avaliando-se aspectos sócio-demográficos, uso de álcool, saúde mental e utilização de serviços. A prevalência de TMC foi 21,7%, de BP foi 4,4%. Na ultima quinzena 14,6% procuraram serviço de saúde. As prevalências observadas confirmam achados da literatura: TMC e BP são importantes problemas de saúde pública, com implicações para a organização de serviços e formação de recursos humanos / The aim of this cross-sectional study was to estimate the prevalence of common mental disorders (CMD) and problem drinking (PD), as well as health services use in an unselected populational sample. Subjects over 16 years were included and aspects related to socio-demographic characteristics, alcohol use, mental health and services use were studied. The prevalence of CMD was 21.7%, of PD 4.4%. In the two weeks preceeding the interview, 14.6% had used a health service. The results are in accordance with the literature: CMD and PD are important health problems, with implications for health services organization and formation of health professionals

O adequado planejamento e implementação de serviços comunitários para cuidados de pacientes com transtornos mentais graves depende do conhecimento sobre as características destes transtornos e sobre a necessidade de cuidados destes pacientes. O presente estudo visou investigar características da população de pessoas com transtorno mental grave (TMG) em áreas de São Paulo e sua evolução em um período de um ano, utilizando desenho de corte transversal seguido de coorte prospectivo. Foram avaliados sintomas psiquiátricos, ajustamento social, violência, uso de serviços e uso de álcool, tabaco e substâncias psicoativas. Foram incluídos 192 participantes na primeira fase do estudo e reavaliados 149 (77,6%). O diagnóstico mais frequênte foi o de esquizofrenia (59.7%); 6.8% dos indivíduos apresentaram ajustamento social pobre e 120 (81.6%) não toveram internação psiquiátrica nos últimos 12 meses / Adequate planning and implementation of community-based care for patients with functional psychoses requires good knowledge about the occurrence and characteristics of the illnesses, and about the sufferers' needs for care. The aims of the present study were to investigate characteristics of a population with severe mental illness (SMI) São Paulo the evolution in one year, using a cross-sectional study followed by a prospective cohort. Assessments included psychiatric symptoms, social adjustment, services use, violence and patterns of alcohol, tobacco and drug use. From 192 subjects included at the cross-sectional study, 149 (77.6%) were re-assessed, at 1-year follow-up. Of the 149 subjects, the most frequent diagnosis was schizophrenia (59.7%); 6.8% presented poor social adjustment, and 120 (81.6%) had no psychiatric admissions in the 1-year follow-up

O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar prevalência dos transtornos mentais comuns (TMC) e bebedores problemas (BP) e também a utilização de serviços, a partir de estudo seccional, populacional com amostragem aleatória. Incluiu-se sujeitos com 16 anos e mais, avaliando-se aspectos sócio-demográficos, uso de álcool, saúde mental e utilização de serviços. A prevalência de TMC foi 21,7%, de BP foi 4,4%. Na ultima quinzena 14,6% procuraram serviço de saúde. As prevalências observadas confirmam achados da literatura: TMC e BP são importantes problemas de saúde pública, com implicações para a organização de serviços e formação de recursos humanos / The aim of this cross-sectional study was to estimate the prevalence of common mental disorders (CMD) and problem drinking (PD), as well as health services use in an unselected populational sample. Subjects over 16 years were included and aspects related to socio-demographic characteristics, alcohol use, mental health and services use were studied. The prevalence of CMD was 21.7%, of PD 4.4%. In the two weeks preceeding the interview, 14.6% had used a health service. The results are in accordance with the literature: CMD and PD are important health problems, with implications for health services organization and formation of health professionals

O adequado planejamento e implementação de serviços comunitários para cuidados de pacientes com transtornos mentais graves depende do conhecimento sobre as características destes transtornos e sobre a necessidade de cuidados destes pacientes. O presente estudo visou investigar características da população de pessoas com transtorno mental grave (TMG) em áreas de São Paulo e sua evolução em um período de um ano, utilizando desenho de corte transversal seguido de coorte prospectivo. Foram avaliados sintomas psiquiátricos, ajustamento social, violência, uso de serviços e uso de álcool, tabaco e substâncias psicoativas. Foram incluídos 192 participantes na primeira fase do estudo e reavaliados 149 (77,6%). O diagnóstico mais frequênte foi o de esquizofrenia (59.7%); 6.8% dos indivíduos apresentaram ajustamento social pobre e 120 (81.6%) não toveram internação psiquiátrica nos últimos 12 meses / Adequate planning and implementation of community-based care for patients with functional psychoses requires good knowledge about the occurrence and characteristics of the illnesses, and about the sufferers' needs for care. The aims of the present study were to investigate characteristics of a population with severe mental illness (SMI) São Paulo the evolution in one year, using a cross-sectional study followed by a prospective cohort. Assessments included psychiatric symptoms, social adjustment, services use, violence and patterns of alcohol, tobacco and drug use. From 192 subjects included at the cross-sectional study, 149 (77.6%) were re-assessed, at 1-year follow-up. Of the 149 subjects, the most frequent diagnosis was schizophrenia (59.7%); 6.8% presented poor social adjustment, and 120 (81.6%) had no psychiatric admissions in the 1-year follow-up

BACKGROUND: The correlates of legally significant outcomes that have been identified in people with mental disorders are of limited value in understanding the mechanisms by which these outcomes occur. AIMS: To describe the relationships between mental disorder, impaired psychosocial function, and three legally significant outcomes in a representative sample of the US population. METHODS: We used a population survey, the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC-III, sample size 36,309), to identify people who self-reported serious trouble with the police or the law over the past 12 months and two lifetime outcomes, being incarcerated and engaging in violence to others. DSM-5 categories were generated using the Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-5. Psychosocial function was assessed using social and role-emotional function scores of the 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey Version 2. RESULTS: Participants with mental disorder, but not people with no diagnosis, who reported serious trouble with the police or with the law during the previous 12 months reported significantly worse psychosocial function than those who did not report such trouble. The size of the statistical effect varied by diagnosis, moderate for some forms of mental illness and for alcohol abuse and nonsignificant for drug abuse and the personality disorders. Effect sizes were largest for diagnoses where legally significant outcomes were least common. CONCLUSIONS: The effect of impaired psychosocial function, for instance in disrupting family and social networks that would otherwise protect against these legally significant outcomes, warrants further investigation in studies with longitudinal designs.