Orientador: Dario Fiorentini / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T03:58:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Melo_MarisolVieira_D.pdf: 3467303 bytes, checksum: c3163d62040368c4582c7f60477785f1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Nosso estudo tem como objeto de análise as práticas formativas desenvolvidas no Estágio Curricular Supervisionado na Licenciatura em Matemática (ECSLM), identificadas nas dissertações e teses brasileiras defendidas no país entre os anos de 2001 e 2010. Optamos por uma investigação meta-analítica buscando responder à seguinte questão: Como o Estágio Curricular Supervisionado na Licenciatura em Matemática vem sendo concebido e descrito nas pesquisas brasileiras (2001-2010), que práticas formativas são desenvolvidas e investigadas, e, que relações e parcerias entre sujeitos e instituições são estabelecidas nesse processo? Para constituir o corpus de nossa investigação foram selecionadas 15 dissertações e teses da última década sobre ECSLM que atendiam os seguintes critérios: (i) Estágio Curricular Supervisionado realizado se, e somente se, na Licenciatura em Matemática; (ii) Estágio Curricular Supervisionado tido como um cenário/ambiente constituinte da formação do futuro professor de Matemática; (iii) Sujeitos deveriam estar cursando ou realizando Estágio Curricular Supervisionado durante a pesquisa; (iv) Pesquisas que desenvolvessem alguma prática de formação (e não apenas estudos sobre as práticas, mas sim, no movimento da ação prática); (v) Que o pesquisador tivesse acompanhado, de algum modo, na escola o processo de desenvolvimento dos licenciados no Estágio. A sistematização de nossa pesquisa foi fundamentada em André (2003) e Romanowski, Ens (2006); e a análise das práticas de formação foi fundamentada em Pimenta e Lima (2004) que destacam a relação entre a teoria e a prática; em Cochran-Smith & Lytle (1999) que expressam as concepções de aprendizado de professores (conhecimento para a prática; conhecimento na prática e conhecimento da prática) e em Passos et al. (2006) que evidenciam as diferentes práticas promotoras do desenvolvimento profissional. A nossa análise delineou-se em dois eixos: (1) as práticas formativas presentes nas propostas de ECSLM, e; (2) as relações e parcerias que se estabelecem no processo formativo do ECSLM. As pesquisas indicam que as práticas desenvolvidas nos ECSLM vêm tentando se adequar às normatizações curriculares nacionais e apresentam predominância de uma formação profissional direcionada para a prática, que mobilizam saberes por meio de uma prática reflexiva. As relações entre os sujeitos envolvidos no processo de aprendizagem profissional durante o ECSLM constituiu uma "rede de conexões" na qual identificamos prioritariamente a incidência entre o estagiário e o pesquisador ou com o formador, prevalecendo, portanto, a aprendizagem profissional decorrente do ambiente acadêmico. Estas relações sustentaram-se pelas reflexões sobre a prática, sistematizadas por meio de relatórios ou planejamentos das aulas. Essa "rede de conexões" revelou a incipiência das relações entre estagiários, professores supervisores e seus alunos, além do distanciamento da equipe pedagógica e pais, bem como, das parcerias entre as instituições co-formadoras (universidade e escola). Embora existam esforços e experiências significativas muito se tem a avançar, pois necessitamos de políticas públicas que possibilitem e dem condições aos profissionais, professores e licenciados, para um trabalho conjunto em vistas à formação e desenvolvimento profissional do futuro professor que ensina Matemática. De todo modo, as pesquisas destacam que o ECSLM é uma fase importante de desenvolvimento e aprendizagem profissional e de produção de conhecimentos sobre a prática de ensinar e aprender matemática na escola básica. / This study focuses on the formative practices developed in the Supervised Curricular Apprenticeship in Mathematics Education, identified in Brazilian dissertations and thesis which were defended between 2001 and 2010. Therefore, a meta-analysis research was chosen to answer the following question of investigation: How has the Supervised Curricular Apprenticeship in Mathematics Education been designed and described in Brazilian researches (2001-2010) and which formative practices are being developed and investigated, and, that relationships and partnerships between individuals and institutions are established in this process? In order to constitute the corpus of this investigation, the researchers from the last decade on teacher education in Mathematics were selected 15 dissertations and thesis in the last decade associated to Supervised Curricular Apprenticeship in Mathematics Education, based on the following criteria: (i) the Supervised Curricular Apprenticeship realized only in Mathematics course; (ii) the Supervised Curricular Apprenticeship understood as a scenario/an environment which constitutes the education of the future Mathematics teacher; (iii) the individuals attending the course and/or executing the Supervised Curricular Apprenticeship during research conducted; (iv) the researches linked to formative practices (and not just studies "about" them, but indicating a movement of practical action); (v) the researcher as someone who had accompanied, somehow, at the school, the process of development of future teachers. The systematization of this research was based on André (2003) and Romanowski, Ens (2006); the analysis of the formative practices relied on Pimenta, Lima (2004), emphasizing the relationship between theory and practice; on Cochran-Smith & Lytle (1999), concerning the conceptions of teacher learning (knowledge-for-practice, knowledge-in-practice and knowledge-of-practice) and on Passos et al. (2006) that evidences the different practices that promote professional development. The process of analysis considered two categories related to: (1) the formative practices present in proposals of the Supervised Curricular Apprenticeship in Mathematics Education, and; (2) the relationships and partnerships that are established in the formative process of the Supervised Curricular Apprenticeship in Mathematics Education. Researches indicate that the practices developed during the Supervised Curricular Apprenticeship in Mathematics Education have been trying to adapt to the national curriculum normative, with the professional formation predominantly targeted to the practice, that mobilize knowledge through reflective practice. The relationships between the subjects involved in Supervised Curricular Apprenticeship in Mathematics Education constituted a "network connections" in which identified priority incidence between the future Mathematics teacher and the researcher or teacher of teachers, prevail, so the professional learning of academic. These relationships based by reflections on practice, systematized through reports or planning of lessons. This "network connections" revealed the incipience of relations between future Mathematics teacher, school teachers and his students, beyond the distance of the pedagogical team and parents, as well as partnerships between institutions school and university. However, there are significant efforts and experiences much has been progressing, because we need public policies that allow and give conditions for professionals, teachers and future teachers for a collective effort. The thesis and dissertations highlight that an important phase of professional development and professional learning and producing knowledge about the practice of teaching and learning mathematics in elementary school. / Doutorado / Ensino e Práticas Culturais / Doutora em Educação

本研究旨在探討國內校長服務領導與學校效能關聯性之實際效應量，採用後設分析法進行數據分析與討論，藉由整合17篇文獻及研究數據，探討校長服務領導與學校效能之關聯性，並分析調節變項所帶來的影響力。 本研究提出以下三項結論如下：壹、校長服務領導與學校效能在整體層面間具有高度且正向的關聯性；貳、整體校長服務領導與學校效能分層面間具有高度且正向的關聯性；參、校長服務領導與學校效能關係間存在調節變項，包括任教階段及碩士學歷比等研究特徵具有調節作用。 最後，根據上述研究結論，提供相關教育相關人員與單位研究建議作為參考，並提供未來研究建議作為後續研究者研究之依據。 / The main purpose of this research is to prove the correlation between principals’ servant leadership and school effectiveness in Taiwan. The present research employs meta-analysis as methodology based on the findings of 17 master theses concerning principals’ servant leadership and school effectiveness, and moderator the two variables as the relationship between study characteristics are. This result indicates as following: 1.There is a positive and high correlation between whole principals’ servant leadership and school effectiveness. 2.There is a positive and moderate correlation between whole principals’ servant leadership and school effectiveness. 3.Education ratio and school location is the variable that moderates the effect size of principals' servant leadershiand school effectiveness. Based on the above findings, the researcher provided several suggestions for school leadership, education practices and future research.

L'Analyse de Cycle de Vie (ACV) a été explicitement employée, dans le cadre législatif en Europe et aux Etats-Unis afin de quantifier les bénéfices de filières biocarburants vis-à-vis des objectifs de réduction d'émissions des gaz à effet de serre (GES) et d'indépendance énergétique. Nous investiguons, au cours de cette thèse, la concordance du développement des biocarburants avancés (éthanol lignocellulosique, Biomass to Liquids - BTL, EMHV/HVO à partir de microalgues) avec ces objectifs par le biais de deux travaux indépendants. Le premier est une méta-analyse (synthèse de littérature) des études ACV appliquées aux filières de biocarburants avancés. Dans cette partie de la thèse, en utilisant des méthodes économétriques, nous identifions et quantifions les facteurs qui impactent le plus les résultats d'émissions de GES au long du cycle de vie des produits étudiés et calculons l'intervalle de confiance pour ces résultats. Le deuxième travail est une ACV conséquentielle et prospective illustrée par une étude de cas concernant l'introduction du BTL en France. Nous avons adapté un modèle prospectif de type TIMES pour la réalisation d'évaluations environnementales. De cette façon, nous prenons en compte des mécanismes économiques à l'origine d'impacts sur d'autres systèmes de la production de biocarburants. Ainsi, nous contribuons aux développements méthodologiques autour de l'ACV conséquentielle et prospective avec des discussions sur la définition de l'unité fonctionnelle, la définition des frontières du système, l'inclusion d'aspects dynamiques dans la caractérisation d'impacts, l'utilisation de scénarios (différents contextes politiques et économiques) et la réalisation des analyses de sensibilité sur les frontières du système pour mettre en évidence les limites du modèle utilisé. / Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has been used in legislative texts in Europe and in the United States to quantify the benefits of biofuel production in terms of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reductions and energy security. In this thesis, we propose two independent approaches to investigate the compliance of advanced biofuels (cellulosic ethanol, Biomass to liquids - BTL, microalgae FAME/HVO) production with these objectives. The first one is a meta- analysis (literature synthesis) of LCA studies concerning advanced biofuels. Using econometric methods, we are able to identify and quantify the main factors impacting GHG emission LCA results. Also, we estimate a confidence interval for these results for each type of advanced biofuel in question. The second part of this work is a consequential and prospective LCA illustrated by a case study about the introduction of BTL technology in France. A long-term TIMES-type energy model was adapted for environmental evaluations in order to capture impacts occurring in affected systems through economic mechanisms. We contribute, with this work, for a proper systematization of consequential and prospective LCA. We discuss the functional unit and system boundaries definitions, the use of dynamic impact characterization factors, the use of scenarios (different political and economical contexts) and the exploration of the system's boundaries to bring attention to the limits of the model employed.

Les technologies actuelles permettent d’explorer le génome entier pour y découvrir des variants génétiques associés aux maladies. Cela implique des outils bioinformatiques adaptés à l’interface de l’informatique, des statistiques et de la biologie. Ma thèse a porté sur l’exploitation bioinformatique des données génomiques issues de la cohorte GRIV du SIDA et du projet international IHAC (International HIV Acquisition Consortium). Posant les prémices de l'imputation, j’ai d’abord développé le logiciel SUBHAP. Notre équipe a montré que la région HLA était essentielle dans la non progression et le contrôle de la charge virale et cela m’a conduit à étudier le phénotype non-progresseur non « elite ». J’ai ainsi révélé un variant du gène CXCR6 qui, en dehors du HLA, est le seul résultat identifié par approche génome-entier et répliqué. L’imputation des données du projet IHAC (10000 patients infectés et 15000 contrôles) a été réalisée et des premières associations sont en cours d’exploration. / Nowadays with the newest technologies, the entire genome can be explored to uncover genetic variants which may be linked to diseases. This requires bioinformatics tools which are adequate for studies which are at the border between computing, statistics and biology. My thesis work focused on the bioinformatical analysis of genomic data from the GRIV AIDS cohort and from the IHAC (International HIV Acquisition Consortium) project. I first laid the foundation for imputation work by developing the SUBHAP software. Our team showed that the HLA region was essential in non-progression and viral charge control. This led me to study the non progressor non elite phenotype. Thus, I uncovered a variant of the CXCR6 gene which is, apart from HLA, the only result identified with a GWAS approach so far and which has been reproduced. The imputation of data from the IHAC project (10000 infected patients and 15000 control subjects) was also performed and the first associations are now being studied.

Background: Syphilis infection has recently resurfaced as a significant public health problem. Although there has been a tremendous amount of research on the epidemiology of syphilis, there has been limited work done to synthesize the extensive body of research and systematically estimate patterns of disease within high-risk groups in the Americas. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to (1) summarize recent patterns of syphilis infection in North and South America among four high-risk groups (MSM, transgender women, sex workers, and incarcerated individuals) from 1980 to 2016, (2) identify and differentiate regional geographic epidemiologic characteristics, and (3) compare the epidemics of the economically developed countries of North America from the developing countries and public health systems of Latin America and the Caribbean. Methods/design: Primary studies reporting syphilis prevalence and/or incidence in at least one of the four high-risk groups will be identified from Medline/PubMed, Embase, Lilacs, SciELO, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, CINAHL, Clase, and Periódica, as well as "gray" literature sources (conference abstracts, country reports, etc.). Studies published from 1980 through 2016 will be included. Data will be extracted from studies meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria and a random effects meta-analysis of prevalence and incidence estimates will be conducted. Heterogeneity, risk of bias, and publication bias will be assessed. Pooled prevalence and incidence estimates will be calculated for comparisons based on geographic region, risk factors, and time period. Discussion: Our systematic review and meta-analysis aims to contribute to an improved understanding of global epidemiologic patterns of syphilis infection in most-at-risk populations. Through systematic classification of the existing literature, and comparison of disease patterns across regional, temporal and socio-behavioral differences, we hope to improve public health surveillance and improve efforts to control the spread of disease across the Americas. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42016047306.

Assessment of the foreign direct investment (FDI) spillovers in the People's Republic of China (PRC) has become a lively area of research in the past decades; nonetheless, the existing primary literature seems to be inconclusive. The present thesis revises the literature through a meta-analytical approach using Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA). Considering that the previous liter- ature reviews are of either inferior quality or incomparable focus, our research is based on a collection of 1081 estimates from 14 primary studies published between 2007 and 2017 comprising data from 1995 to 2012. A variety of 85 characteristics of the observations is coded whilst we employ at least 30 of these within each BMA estimation. Through separate testing of individual spillover measures (horizontal, forward, and backward), an extensive evidence of publication bias is collected for horizontal spillovers in PRC-exaggerating the mean magnitude of the reported estimates. Finally, the thesis identifies that the spillover effect from FDI inflows originating from the area of Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan is systematically different from the others. JEL Classification O1, O3, O4 Keywords FDI, spillover effect, China, PRC, meta- analysis, publication bias, BMA Author's e-mail hermandominik@gmail.com Supervisor's e-mail...

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Deflecting a significant portion of corn production to ethanol for fuelling purposes increases the prices of corn. Although many studies examined the relationship between biofuels and agricultural commodity prices in the last decade, their estimates vary broadly (from nil to 85%). Without knowing the precise estimates of these impacts, policymakers can hardly set the biofuel policies optimally. I conduct a meta-analysis of over 150 estimates of the effect of corn ethanol production on corn prices to bring more clarity to the issue. Furthermore, I detect substantial selective reporting bias in the literature. After controlling for this bias with the use of various methods including the mixedeffects multilevel model, the results show that the true effect of a one billion gallon expansion in corn ethanol on corn prices is about 2-3%, which is less than commonly thought.

Les objectifs de ma thèse étaient d'analyser les avantages et les inconvénients de l'approche bayésienne et développer leur utilisation dans le contexte de l'évaluation médico-économique. Deux projets ont été développés en utilisant l'approche bayésienne. Le premier projet était une revue systématique de la littérature et méta-analyse en réseaux pour estimer l'efficacité et la tolérance mirabegron 50 mg par rapport aux autres traitements anti-muscarinique dans la gestion de l’hyperactivité vésicale. Une revue de littératures a permis d’identifier les données puis des modèles à effet fixes et effet aléatoires ont été utilisés. Le deuxième projet est le développement de la méthode de calibration bayésienne pour estimer les probabilités de transition d’un modèle de Markov dans la maladie de Parkinson. Une étude de simulation a été effectuée pour comparer les résultats de l'approche bayésienne et l'approche classique. Toutes les analyses ont été effectuées en utilisant les logiciels libres WinBUGS et R. Résultats: La méta-analyse bayésienne en réseaux est un outil très utile pour gérer la comparaison directe et indirecte de traitements. la calibration Bayésiennes, les résultats de l’approche bayésiens sont distribués de façon similaire par rapport aux résultats de l'étude de référence.Conclusion: En comparaison avec l’approche classique, l’approche bayésienne à une meilleure base mathématique et philosophique, offre une plus grande flexibilité, et fournit des résultats sous une forme plus naturelle et intuitive. L'utilisation de l'approche bayésienne devrait se poursuivre et se développer dans le domaine de l'économie de la santé. / The objectives of this thesis were to review and develop the use of Bayesian approach in the context of heath economic evaluation. Methods: Two projects of health economics were developed to assess the benefit of Bayesian approach in health economics. The first project was a systematic literature review and mixed treatment comparison to estimate the relative efficacy and safety of mirabegron compared to antimuscarinics treatments in the management of over active bladder (OAB). The second project was the development of Bayesian calibration method to estimate the transition probabilities from cost-effectiveness model. A simulation study was performed to compare the results of Bayesian approach and classical approach. All the analyses were performed using free software WinBUGS and R.Results: The Bayesian approach is widely used in health economic evaluation and it is accepted tool to analyse the data from most of health technology agencies (e.g. HAS, NICE). The Bayesian mixed treatment comparison found to be a very useful framework to handle the comparison of treatments using the information from direct and indirect treatment comparison. The Bayesian calibration method provided results similarly distributed compared to the results of reference study (i.e. simulation study). Conclusion:Bayesian approach has better mathematical and philosophical foundation, offers greater flexibility, and provides results in a more natural and intuitive form. The use of Bayesian approach is expected to continue and grow in the field of health economics and outcomes research, because failing of frequentist to reply to some difficult question and due to the development of high-power computers.

Objectives: The EZSCAN is a non-invasive device that, by evaluating sweat gland function, may detect subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of the study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis including studies assessing the performance of the EZSCAN for detecting cases of undiagnosed T2DM. Methodology/Principal findings: We searched for observational studies including diagnostic accuracy and performance results assessing EZSCAN for detecting cases of undiagnosed T2DM. OVID (Medline, Embase, Global Health), CINAHL and SCOPUS databases, plus secondary resources, were searched until March 29, 2017. The following keywords were utilized for the systematic searching: type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperglycemia, EZSCAN, SUDOSCAN, and sudomotor function. Two investigators extracted the information for meta-analysis and assessed the quality of the data using the Revised Version of the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) checklist. Pooled estimates were obtained by fitting the logistic-normal random-effects model without covariates but random intercepts and using the Freeman-Tukey Arcsine Transformation to stabilize variances. Heterogeneity was also assessed using the I2 measure. Four studies (n = 7,720) were included, three of them used oral glucose tolerance test as the gold standard. Using Hierarchical Summary Receiver Operating Characteristic model, summary sensitivity was 72.0% (95%CI: 60.0%– 83.0%), whereas specificity was 56.0% (95%CI: 38.0%– 74.0%). Studies were very heterogeneous (I2 for sensitivity: 79.2% and for specificity: 99.1%) regarding the inclusion criteria and bias was present mainly due to participants selection. Conclusions: The sensitivity of EZSCAN for detecting cases of undiagnosed T2DM seems to be acceptable, but evidence of high heterogeneity and participant selection bias was detected in most of the studies included. More studies are needed to evaluate the performance of the EZSCAN for undiagnosed T2DM screening, especially at the population level.