Orientador: Luiz Cesar de Moraes / Banca: Edmundo Medici Filho / Banca: Estevão Tomomitsu Kimpara / Banca: Acácio Fuziy / Banca: Jorge Abrão / Resumo: O objetivo neste estudo é analisar e relacionar os principais métodos de avaliação da idade dentária e óssea com a idade cronológica em leucodermas e xantodermas brasileiros. Foram utilizadas 335 radiografias, sendo 193 de indivíduos do sexo feminino e 142 do sexo masculino, na faixa etária dos 5 aos 14 anos de idade. Os dentes 33, 34, 35, 37, 43, 44, 45 e 47, foram avaliados em radiografias panorâmicas por meio do método de Nicodemo et al.63 e 64 (1974 e 1992) e Nolla65 (1960). As vértebras cervicais C2, C3 e C4 foram examinadas em radiografias cefalométricas laterais pelo método de Hassel e Farman37 (1995). As análises foram realizadas por 2 examinadores, e após 1 mês todas radiografias foram reavaliadas. O teste Kappa foi utilizado na avaliação intraavaliador demonstrando reprodutibilidade dos métodos. Verificou-se simetria de desenvolvimento entre os dentes dos lados direito e esquerdo, adotando-se portanto, o lado esquerdo para as demais análises estatísticas. Na comparação da ID obtida pelo método de Nicodemo et al.63 e 64 (1974 e 1992), verificou-se diferença entre as avaliações, no entanto, na análise descritiva observamos diferenças de até 5 meses, não significativas clinicamente. Comparando-se IC com ID não se encontrou diferenças para o método de Nicodemo et al.63 (1974) para leucodermas e xantodermas do sexo feminino e Nicodemo et al.64 (1992) para leucodermas do sexo masculino. Não foram verificadas diferenças entre xantodermas e leucodermas na avaliação dos dados obtidos por todos os métodos. Houve correlação boa e estatisticamente significante entre ID e os IMVC e a IC / Abstract: The purpose of this study is to analyze and relate the main methods for assessment of dental and vertebral age with chronological age in caucasians and japaneses brazilians. Were used 335 radiographs, being 193 female and 142 male individuals, aged from 5 to 14 years. The teeth 33, 34, 35, 37, 43, 44, 45 and 47, were assessed in panoramic radiographs through the method of Nicodemo et al.63 and 64 (1974 and 1992) and Nolla65 (1960). The cervical vertebrae C2, C3 and C4 were examined in lateral cephalometric radiographs by means of Hassel and Farman37 (1995). The analyses were performed by 2 examiners, and after one month all radiographs were reviewed. The Kappa test was used in evaluating intra-evaluator demonstrating reproducibility of methods. There was symmetry between the teeth of right and left sides, the left side has taken up to the other statistical analyses. In comparing the ID obtained by the method of Nicodemo et al.63 and 64 (1974 and 1992), there was difference between the assessments, however, the descriptive analysis found differences of up to 5 months, not clinically significant. Compared to IC with ID is not found differences in the method of Nicodemo et al.63 (1974) to caucasians and japaneses females individuals and Nicodemo et al.64 (1992) for caucasian males. No differences were found between caucasian and japaneses in the evaluation of data obtained by all methods. There was good and statistically significant correlation between the ID and IMVC and IC / Doutor

This thesis sets out research carried out to investigate the usefulness of a descriptive database of construction methods for safety assessment. In addition, it investigates the possibility of utilising construction images as sources of safety related information. / The construction industry has been recognized as a hazardous work environment with a high accident rate for years, hence, site safety is a problem. Nowadays, the use of construction images in the form of photographs is commonplace and they are used as sources of information. The literature review reveals that they have never been used as sources of information concerning construction safety practice. / A preliminary investigation is conducted to study the possibility of utilizing construction images as sources of safety related information. The findings revealed that it is possible to use construction images as sources of information for construction safety assessment however, there were problems related to image interpretation and dissimilar safety judgment. It was assumed that those problems were arising from lack of safety knowledge and experiences, also no safety assessment method existed that could be used when using images as sources of information. / To overcome problem related to the existence of safety assessment method, the research developed a method to assess safety by using information observed from images. As a similar safety judgment would be obtained from a same guideline therefore, a safety guideline was established, including safety checklist and safety scores. To give meaning of sets of safety score, two methods of conditional probability approach from Artificial Intelligence that quantitatively deal with uncertainty, the Bayes’ Theorem and the Fuzzy Logic Theory, were employed. The Bayes’ Theorem formula was adopted for calculating a likelihood of a hypothesis being true based on evidence or P(H/E). The hypothesis used in this research that a safe construction practice being used. The evidence used to test this hypothesis is information collected from construction images. This method allows construction practices shown in the images to be defined as having a high level of safety or low level of safety. / The construction practices with low level of safety do not need to analysed further. Fuzzy logic theory can then be used for further classifying those images identified as having a high level of safety into one of three classifications: “most likely safe”, “fairly safe” or “most likely unsafe”. / To overcome problem related to lack of safety knowledge and safety experience, one method of reasoning based on reuse past experience was employed, called the Case- Based Reasoning (CBR). The CBR method will allow safety information stored in database to be reused for reasoning process to give safety scores. As CBR works based on stored information from database therefore an image database has to be developed. / Following works (or researches) have been done to overcome problems revealed from preliminary investigation therefore those works have to organize in a structured and systematic system. The research was developed a safety assessment system called SAFE AS. / The safety assessment system worked in two processes, manual calculation and information storage into database. Manual calculation worked as follows: First, a construction practice judgment is given based on image data, safety checklist and using safety scores provided. Secondly, a construction practice is defined into one of two definitions provided: a high-level and a low-level of safety based on Bayes’ Theorem formula and given safety scores. Third, a high-level of safety of construction practice is classified into one of three classifications: most likely safe, fairly safe and most likely unsafe, which are developed, based on fuzzy sets formula. Following manual calculation process, the result from the process then become an input for the second process: information storage. All information of images and their safety practices are stored in an image database. These two processes are done separately and manually. / Problem is arising from manual safety assessment system, that the processes are time-consuming. To overcome this problem, even to make a safety assessment system practically more benefit, the system is developed in a Web-based system, which allows safety assessment process and information storage process done comprehensively and automatically. All users can share their safety knowledge and experiences, and reuse stored experience as a basis of reasoning process from anywhere. / As a result, the research has developed a Web-based safety assessment system to show how to utilize construction images to assess safe construction practice, store information from assessment process, and reuse this information for safety knowledge enhancement. Two experiments using 69 images and a set of detailed images have confirmed the application of a Web-based safety assessment system and verified its reliability. / Another benefit from the safety assessment system is the safety likelihood scores obtained, which can be used to detect safety trends that are developing in construction project over time. These trends were used to predict the likely safety of the construction practices in use on the project in future so it can be used as indicators to monitor and control safety in construction projects. With this process construction images can be used as sources of safety related information and the safety assessment system can be used in future for predicting, monitoring and controlling of on-site safety. / Areas needing future research are suggested, including providing advance search features in the assessment system to retrieve closer relevant cases for case-based reasoning and automated hazard recognition and identification feature to avoid accident occurrence as the result of human carelessness.

Evaluation of the civic education is by itself very specific and there are a lot of schools, teachers and students that reflect on the most effective way how to evaluate the civic education. The aim of my thesis is to focus on the evaluation forms that are most acceptable for the students, teachers and parents and that can provide as much information as possible. In the theoretical part will be in general described the evaluation, its functions and forms which are applied at the second level of elementary school. The main focus will be put on the forms of evaluation, mainly on the classification and verbal assessment. There will be discussed the advantages and on the contrary the disadvantages of using these forms of evaluation as well as how they can affect the student and motivate him for his further education. The practical part of my thesis will be devoted to a questionnaire survey at the second level of elementary school. In this research I will focus on students, parents and teachers with the intention to find out what forms of evaluation do they prefer and whether the evaluation can really affect student?s motivation to learn.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-07-18Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:44:56Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 kohatsu_li_dr_sjc.pdf: 853300 bytes, checksum: 09970e9524b5ec22b0f2fb4f395562ba (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O objetivo neste estudo é analisar e relacionar os principais métodos de avaliação da idade dentária e óssea com a idade cronológica em leucodermas e xantodermas brasileiros. Foram utilizadas 335 radiografias, sendo 193 de indivíduos do sexo feminino e 142 do sexo masculino, na faixa etária dos 5 aos 14 anos de idade. Os dentes 33, 34, 35, 37, 43, 44, 45 e 47, foram avaliados em radiografias panorâmicas por meio do método de Nicodemo et al.63 e 64 (1974 e 1992) e Nolla65 (1960). As vértebras cervicais C2, C3 e C4 foram examinadas em radiografias cefalométricas laterais pelo método de Hassel e Farman37 (1995). As análises foram realizadas por 2 examinadores, e após 1 mês todas radiografias foram reavaliadas. O teste Kappa foi utilizado na avaliação intraavaliador demonstrando reprodutibilidade dos métodos. Verificou-se simetria de desenvolvimento entre os dentes dos lados direito e esquerdo, adotando-se portanto, o lado esquerdo para as demais análises estatísticas. Na comparação da ID obtida pelo método de Nicodemo et al.63 e 64 (1974 e 1992), verificou-se diferença entre as avaliações, no entanto, na análise descritiva observamos diferenças de até 5 meses, não significativas clinicamente. Comparando-se IC com ID não se encontrou diferenças para o método de Nicodemo et al.63 (1974) para leucodermas e xantodermas do sexo feminino e Nicodemo et al.64 (1992) para leucodermas do sexo masculino. Não foram verificadas diferenças entre xantodermas e leucodermas na avaliação dos dados obtidos por todos os métodos. Houve correlação boa e estatisticamente significante entre ID e os IMVC e a IC / The purpose of this study is to analyze and relate the main methods for assessment of dental and vertebral age with chronological age in caucasians and japaneses brazilians. Were used 335 radiographs, being 193 female and 142 male individuals, aged from 5 to 14 years. The teeth 33, 34, 35, 37, 43, 44, 45 and 47, were assessed in panoramic radiographs through the method of Nicodemo et al.63 and 64 (1974 and 1992) and Nolla65 (1960). The cervical vertebrae C2, C3 and C4 were examined in lateral cephalometric radiographs by means of Hassel and Farman37 (1995). The analyses were performed by 2 examiners, and after one month all radiographs were reviewed. The Kappa test was used in evaluating intra-evaluator demonstrating reproducibility of methods. There was symmetry between the teeth of right and left sides, the left side has taken up to the other statistical analyses. In comparing the ID obtained by the method of Nicodemo et al.63 and 64 (1974 and 1992), there was difference between the assessments, however, the descriptive analysis found differences of up to 5 months, not clinically significant. Compared to IC with ID is not found differences in the method of Nicodemo et al.63 (1974) to caucasians and japaneses females individuals and Nicodemo et al.64 (1992) for caucasian males. No differences were found between caucasian and japaneses in the evaluation of data obtained by all methods. There was good and statistically significant correlation between the ID and IMVC and IC

Music education has a difficult position in comparison with other subjects also taught during the basic education. Whereas the training aspects are preferred to the educational aspects, it is quite hard to assess the abilities and skills gained by learning this subject. The purpose of this work is to find out which forms and methods of assessment are used most extensively by teachers at the second stage of elementary education and what is the influence of these forms and methods on the pupils. The theoretical part of this thesis is focused on forms and methods, which can be used at music education at the second stage of basic education. The questionable position of the music education compared to the other subjects is also discussed. The practical part of the thesis is conceived like a research, focused on identification of the forms and methods used by teachers of music education at the second stage of basic education and assessment of the influence they have on the pupils.

The author of the diploma thesis deals with the risks associated with the implementation of smart technologies in the production process. The purpose is to analyze, describe and evaluate the current situation in Industry 4.0 in the Czech Republic and abroad. Subsequently, corrective measures will be proposed to improve the current status. The output of the thesis is a proposal for risk management in the implementation related to the automation and digitization of the production process.

Thesis advisor: Rebecca Schendel / Higher education institutes have seen massive growth over the decades in terms of student enrollment. To maintain the quality of education provided to students, scholars, and practitioners have advocated for students to submit an entrance exam as a part of the admission application. This study analyzed trends in all national and standardized entrance exams (N= 119) to see which areas of knowledge and methods of assessments are most commonly utilized in entrance exams around the world. The areas of knowledge that were looked at in this study: English, Language Arts, Math, History, Government Studies, Religion, and Hard Science. The methods of assessment that were looked at in this study: Supplied response, Selected response, Practical, and Oral. Data was collected through publicly available documents and entered into a database to then analyze and recognize trends. The findings of this study show that the most common area of knowledge that is tested is Language Arts (N = 107) and the most common method of assessment is supplied response (N = 81). / Thesis (MA) — Boston College, 2023. / Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education. / Discipline: Educational Leadership and Higher Education.

O diagnóstico de neoplasia em crianças e adolescentes, bem como os cuidados oncológicos necessários, impõem aos pacientes e a suas famílias o convívio cotidiano com múltiplos eventos adversos ao desenvolvimento, que podem ser de natureza biológica, psíquica, social e econômica. Essa complexa realidade exigirá recursos e estratégias pessoais e familiares para positivo desfecho, superando situações de vulnerabilidade. Até o momento, apesar do crescente número de casos de câncer, encontra-se reduzida produção científica sistematizada no campo da Psico-oncologia Pediátrica sobre quais variáveis seriam as mais relevantes em termos de efeitos no desenvolvimento infantojuvenil, embora se reconheça importância dos recursos pessoais (incluindo características de personalidade), sócio-familiares e dos serviços de saúde. Nesse contexto, este trabalho objetivou avaliar longitudinalmente possíveis efeitos da vivência de adoecimento e cuidado oncológico sobre recursos pessoais, familiares e características de personalidade de crianças e adolescentes com câncer. Trata-se de estudo longitudinal, de natureza quantitativa, descritivo-comparativo e interpretativo, a partir de instrumentos de avaliação psicológica. Foram compostos dois de crianças e adolescentes, de sete a 17 anos, de ambos os sexos, bem como seus respectivos pais/responsáveis, compondo amostra de conveniência. O Grupo Clínico (G1, n=30, crianças/adolescentes com diagnóstico de neoplasia há pelo menos um mês) foi retirado de pacientes do Setor de Oncologia e Hematologia Pediátrica de um hospital-escola público, considerado serviço de referência na área. O Grupo de Comparação (G2, n=20, crianças/adolescentes com desenvolvimento típico), foi constituído de modo a ser balanceado em relação a idade, sexo e origem escolar (particular ou pública) a G1. Todos os voluntários (crianças/adolescentes e seus pais/responsáveis) responderam, individualmente e em ambiente adequado para avaliação psicológica, a uma bateria de instrumentos avaliativos, aplicados em dois momentos, nomeados nesse estudo como Fase 1 (recorte transversal) e Fase 2 (recorte longitudinal, após intervalo mínimo de seis meses da primeira avaliação). Os pais/responsáveis responderam a: Critério de Classificação Econômica Brasil, Questionário de Capacidades e Dificuldades (SDQ), Inventário de Recursos do Ambiente Familiar (RAF), Escala de Eventos Adversos (EEA), Escala de Adversidades Crônicas (EAC) e Inventário de Percepção do Suporte Familiar (IPSF). Na criança/adolescente foram administrados: Matrizes Progressivas de Raven (Coloridas ou Escala Geral), Método de Rorschach (Escola Francesa) e Teste das Pirâmides Coloridas de Pfister. A aplicação e a avaliação dos instrumentos seguiram seus respectivos padrões técnico-científicos, realizando-se análises descritivas e comparativas de G1 e G2 (Teste t de Student ou Teste de Wilcoxon, p0,05%), nas duas fases do estudo. Os resultados apontaram, como síntese das duas fases avaliativas, sinais de preservação dos recursos familiares e cognitivo/afetivos das crianças/adolescentes com câncer, com manutenção do funcionamento adaptativo, embora com impacto negativo na percepção de si e de sua identificação com o humano, tendendo a maior mobilização emocional, com tensão e ansiedade em seus esforços adaptativos, identificados pelos pais/responsáveis como indicadores de dificuldades em termos de saúde mental, comparativamente ao Grupo de Comparação. O Grupo Clínico tendeu a recorrer mais a estratégias defensivas baseadas em mecanismos repressivos e de racionalização, inibindo expressões afetivas no ambiente, favorecendo-lhes adaptação ao contexto de vida. Estes achados empíricos evidenciaram, numa perspectiva longitudinal, os recursos e os esforços adaptativos de crianças/adolescentes que convivem com o diagnóstico oncológico, bem como suas famílias. Foi possível apontar a relevância da sistemática avaliação e reavaliação da complexa rede de variáveis envolvidas nesses processos, atestando a contribuição dos métodos projetivos no campo da Psico-Oncologia Pediátrica. / The neoplasia diagnosis in children and adolescentes, as well as the oncological care needed, impose to patients and their families the daily living with multiple adverse events to the development, that may be of biological, psychic, social and economic nature. This complex reality will demand personal and family resources and strategies for a positive outcome, overcoming situations of vulnerability. To date, despite the growing number of cancer cases, there is a reduced systematized scientific production in the field of Pediatric Psycho-Oncology about what variables would be the most relevant in terms of effects on child and adolescent development, although the importance of personal resources (including personality characteristics), socio-family and health services is recognized. In this contexto, this study aimed to longitudinally assess possible effects of the experience of illness and cancer care on personal, family and personality characteristics of children and adolescents with cancer. This is a longitudinal study, of a quantitative, descriptive-comparative and interpretative nature, based on psychological assessment instruments. The were composed two groups of children and adolescents, from seven to 17 years of age, of both sexes, as well as their respective parents/guardians, composing a convenience sample. The Clinical Group (G1, n=30, children/adolescents with diagnosis of neoplasia for at least one month) was composed from patients of the Oncology and Pediatric Hematology Sector of a public school hospital, considered a reference service in the area. The Comparison Group (G2, n=20, children/adolescents with typical development) was constituted in order to be balanced against age, gender and school origin (private or public) to G1. All volunteers (children/adolescents and their parents/guardians) responded, individually and in a suitable environment for psychological assessment, to a battery of assessment instruments, applied in two moments, named in this study as Phase 1 (transversal cut) and Phase 2 (longitudinal cut, after a minimum interval of six months of the first assessment). Parents/guardians responded to: Brazil\'s Economic Classification Criteria, Capacities and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), Family Environment Resource Inventory (RAF), Adverse Event Scale (EEA), Chronic Adversity Scale (EAC), and Inventory of Perception of Family Support (IPSF). In the child/adolescent were administered: Progressive Matrices of Raven (Colored or General Scale), Method of Rorschach (French School) and Test of Colored Pyramids of Pfister. The application and assessment of the instruments followed their respective technical-scientific standards. Descriptive and comparative analyzes of G1 and G2 (Student\'s t test or Wilcoxon test, p0.05%) were carried out in both phases of the study. The results showed, as a synthesis of the two evaluative phases, signs of preservation of the family and cognitive/affective resources of the children/adolescents with cancer, with maintenance of the adaptative functioning, although with a negative impact on the perception of self and its identification with the human, tending to greater emotional mobilization, with tension and anxiety in their adaptive efforts, identified by parents/guardians as indicators of difficulties in terms of mental health, compared to the Comparison Group. The Clinical Group tended to resort more to defensive strategies based on repressive mechanisms and rationalization, inhibiting affective expressions in the environment, favoring adaptation to the context of life. These empirical findings have evidenced, from a longitudinal perspective, the resources and the adaptive efforts of children/adolescents living with cancer diagnosis, as well as their families. It was possible to point out the relevance of systematic assessment and re-assessment of the complex network of variables involved in these processes, attesting the contribution of projective methods in the field of Pediatric Psycho-Oncology.

O diagnóstico de neoplasia em crianças e adolescentes, bem como os cuidados oncológicos necessários, impõem aos pacientes e a suas famílias o convívio cotidiano com múltiplos eventos adversos ao desenvolvimento, que podem ser de natureza biológica, psíquica, social e econômica. Essa complexa realidade exigirá recursos e estratégias pessoais e familiares para positivo desfecho, superando situações de vulnerabilidade. Até o momento, apesar do crescente número de casos de câncer, encontra-se reduzida produção científica sistematizada no campo da Psico-oncologia Pediátrica sobre quais variáveis seriam as mais relevantes em termos de efeitos no desenvolvimento infantojuvenil, embora se reconheça importância dos recursos pessoais (incluindo características de personalidade), sócio-familiares e dos serviços de saúde. Nesse contexto, este trabalho objetivou avaliar longitudinalmente possíveis efeitos da vivência de adoecimento e cuidado oncológico sobre recursos pessoais, familiares e características de personalidade de crianças e adolescentes com câncer. Trata-se de estudo longitudinal, de natureza quantitativa, descritivo-comparativo e interpretativo, a partir de instrumentos de avaliação psicológica. Foram compostos dois de crianças e adolescentes, de sete a 17 anos, de ambos os sexos, bem como seus respectivos pais/responsáveis, compondo amostra de conveniência. O Grupo Clínico (G1, n=30, crianças/adolescentes com diagnóstico de neoplasia há pelo menos um mês) foi retirado de pacientes do Setor de Oncologia e Hematologia Pediátrica de um hospital-escola público, considerado serviço de referência na área. O Grupo de Comparação (G2, n=20, crianças/adolescentes com desenvolvimento típico), foi constituído de modo a ser balanceado em relação a idade, sexo e origem escolar (particular ou pública) a G1. Todos os voluntários (crianças/adolescentes e seus pais/responsáveis) responderam, individualmente e em ambiente adequado para avaliação psicológica, a uma bateria de instrumentos avaliativos, aplicados em dois momentos, nomeados nesse estudo como Fase 1 (recorte transversal) e Fase 2 (recorte longitudinal, após intervalo mínimo de seis meses da primeira avaliação). Os pais/responsáveis responderam a: Critério de Classificação Econômica Brasil, Questionário de Capacidades e Dificuldades (SDQ), Inventário de Recursos do Ambiente Familiar (RAF), Escala de Eventos Adversos (EEA), Escala de Adversidades Crônicas (EAC) e Inventário de Percepção do Suporte Familiar (IPSF). Na criança/adolescente foram administrados: Matrizes Progressivas de Raven (Coloridas ou Escala Geral), Método de Rorschach (Escola Francesa) e Teste das Pirâmides Coloridas de Pfister. A aplicação e a avaliação dos instrumentos seguiram seus respectivos padrões técnico-científicos, realizando-se análises descritivas e comparativas de G1 e G2 (Teste t de Student ou Teste de Wilcoxon, p0,05%), nas duas fases do estudo. Os resultados apontaram, como síntese das duas fases avaliativas, sinais de preservação dos recursos familiares e cognitivo/afetivos das crianças/adolescentes com câncer, com manutenção do funcionamento adaptativo, embora com impacto negativo na percepção de si e de sua identificação com o humano, tendendo a maior mobilização emocional, com tensão e ansiedade em seus esforços adaptativos, identificados pelos pais/responsáveis como indicadores de dificuldades em termos de saúde mental, comparativamente ao Grupo de Comparação. O Grupo Clínico tendeu a recorrer mais a estratégias defensivas baseadas em mecanismos repressivos e de racionalização, inibindo expressões afetivas no ambiente, favorecendo-lhes adaptação ao contexto de vida. Estes achados empíricos evidenciaram, numa perspectiva longitudinal, os recursos e os esforços adaptativos de crianças/adolescentes que convivem com o diagnóstico oncológico, bem como suas famílias. Foi possível apontar a relevância da sistemática avaliação e reavaliação da complexa rede de variáveis envolvidas nesses processos, atestando a contribuição dos métodos projetivos no campo da Psico-Oncologia Pediátrica. / The neoplasia diagnosis in children and adolescentes, as well as the oncological care needed, impose to patients and their families the daily living with multiple adverse events to the development, that may be of biological, psychic, social and economic nature. This complex reality will demand personal and family resources and strategies for a positive outcome, overcoming situations of vulnerability. To date, despite the growing number of cancer cases, there is a reduced systematized scientific production in the field of Pediatric Psycho-Oncology about what variables would be the most relevant in terms of effects on child and adolescent development, although the importance of personal resources (including personality characteristics), socio-family and health services is recognized. In this contexto, this study aimed to longitudinally assess possible effects of the experience of illness and cancer care on personal, family and personality characteristics of children and adolescents with cancer. This is a longitudinal study, of a quantitative, descriptive-comparative and interpretative nature, based on psychological assessment instruments. The were composed two groups of children and adolescents, from seven to 17 years of age, of both sexes, as well as their respective parents/guardians, composing a convenience sample. The Clinical Group (G1, n=30, children/adolescents with diagnosis of neoplasia for at least one month) was composed from patients of the Oncology and Pediatric Hematology Sector of a public school hospital, considered a reference service in the area. The Comparison Group (G2, n=20, children/adolescents with typical development) was constituted in order to be balanced against age, gender and school origin (private or public) to G1. All volunteers (children/adolescents and their parents/guardians) responded, individually and in a suitable environment for psychological assessment, to a battery of assessment instruments, applied in two moments, named in this study as Phase 1 (transversal cut) and Phase 2 (longitudinal cut, after a minimum interval of six months of the first assessment). Parents/guardians responded to: Brazil\'s Economic Classification Criteria, Capacities and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), Family Environment Resource Inventory (RAF), Adverse Event Scale (EEA), Chronic Adversity Scale (EAC), and Inventory of Perception of Family Support (IPSF). In the child/adolescent were administered: Progressive Matrices of Raven (Colored or General Scale), Method of Rorschach (French School) and Test of Colored Pyramids of Pfister. The application and assessment of the instruments followed their respective technical-scientific standards. Descriptive and comparative analyzes of G1 and G2 (Student\'s t test or Wilcoxon test, p0.05%) were carried out in both phases of the study. The results showed, as a synthesis of the two evaluative phases, signs of preservation of the family and cognitive/affective resources of the children/adolescents with cancer, with maintenance of the adaptative functioning, although with a negative impact on the perception of self and its identification with the human, tending to greater emotional mobilization, with tension and anxiety in their adaptive efforts, identified by parents/guardians as indicators of difficulties in terms of mental health, compared to the Comparison Group. The Clinical Group tended to resort more to defensive strategies based on repressive mechanisms and rationalization, inhibiting affective expressions in the environment, favoring adaptation to the context of life. These empirical findings have evidenced, from a longitudinal perspective, the resources and the adaptive efforts of children/adolescents living with cancer diagnosis, as well as their families. It was possible to point out the relevance of systematic assessment and re-assessment of the complex network of variables involved in these processes, attesting the contribution of projective methods in the field of Pediatric Psycho-Oncology.

The author of the diploma thesis deals with the application of methods and risk analysis to assess the environmental impact of the business entity. Firstly, this thesis incudes theoretical background information about case study, which is also support for applying methods and analyzing the necessary areas. The goal of this work is to find solutions and propose preventative measures to be used by enterprise in order to reduce environmental impact.