In order to satisfy customer demand for a high performance “global” mobility service, network operators (ISPs, carriers, mobile operators, etc.) are facing the need to evolve to a converged “all-IP” centric heterogeneous access infrastructure. However, the integration of such heterogeneous access networks (e.g. 802.11, 802.16e, UMTS etc) brings major mobility issues. This thesis tackles issues plaguing existing mobility management solutions in converged IP-based heterogeneous networks. In order to do so, the thesis firstly proposes a cross-layer mechanism using the upcoming IEEE802.21 MIH services to make intelligent and optimized handovers. In this respect, FMIPv6 is integrated with the IEEE802.21 mechanism to provide seamless mobility during the overall handover process. The proposed solution is then applied in a simulated vehicular environment to optimize the NEMO handover process. It is shown through analysis and simulations of the signalling process that the overall expected handover (both L2 and L3) latency in FMIPv6 can be reduced by the proposed mechanism by 69%. Secondly, it is expected that the operator of a Next Generation Network will provide mobility as a service that will generate significant revenues. As a result, dynamic service bootstrapping and authorization mechanisms must be in place to efficiently deploy a mobility service (without static provisioning), which will allow only legitimate users to access the service. A GNU Linux based test-bed has been implemented to demonstrate this. The experiments presented show the handover performance of the secured FMIPv6 over the implemented test-bed compared to plain FMIPv6 and MIPv6 by providing quantitative measurements and results on the quality of experience perceived by the users of IPv6 multimedia applications. The results show the inclusion of the additional signalling of the proposed architecture for the purpose of authorization and bootstrapping (i.e. key distribution using HOKEY) has no adverse effect on the overall handover process. Also, using a formal security analysis tool, it is shown that the proposed mechanism is safe/secure from the induced security threats. Lastly, a novel IEEE802.21 assisted EAP based re-authentication scheme over a service authorization and bootstrapping framework is presented. AAA based authentication mechanisms like EAP incur signalling overheads due to large RTTs. As a result, overall handover latency also increases. Therefore, a fast re-authentication scheme is presented which utilizes IEEE802.21 MIH services to minimize the EAP authentication process delays and as a result reduce the overall handover latency. Analysis of the signalling process based on analytical results shows that the overall handover latency for mobility protocols will be approximately reduced by 70% by the proposed scheme.

<p>Wireless communication is of great importance for safety and entertainment purposes in vehicular networks. Vehicles on roads are required to share sensor data, road traffic information or digital maps with other vehicles on the road. To be able to do this, vehicles require to either communicate directly with each other or to be connected to a wireless communication-based access points on the road side. These wireless access points support short to medium range wireless communication through the protocol 802.11p. 802.11p is designed specifically for vehicular communication and it is an amended form of the widely used 802.11 protocol suit for wireless local area networks (WLAN). Vehicles are able to be associated with these wireless access points for exchange of information. While vehicles move along the road infrastructure, they change their point of attachment from one wireless access point to another wireless access point. During this process, connectivity to the access point breaks down until the vehicle is connected to a new access point in its area. This disconnection causes an interruption in the data flow. This interruption increases when vehicle requires a new IP address, i.e. when the vehicle is going to attach to an access point which is part of another network. In this thesis report, we give an overview of standard handover methods and their enhancements and propose a fast handover scheme for layer 3 of the communication stack. Based on the assumption that vehicles know their route in advance, we enhance the handover process and improve seamless connectivity. We also discuss different issues which are the cause of delay and how they can be overcome in our proposed solution.</p>

Wireless communication is of great importance for safety and entertainment purposes in vehicular networks. Vehicles on roads are required to share sensor data, road traffic information or digital maps with other vehicles on the road. To be able to do this, vehicles require to either communicate directly with each other or to be connected to a wireless communication-based access points on the road side. These wireless access points support short to medium range wireless communication through the protocol 802.11p. 802.11p is designed specifically for vehicular communication and it is an amended form of the widely used 802.11 protocol suit for wireless local area networks (WLAN). Vehicles are able to be associated with these wireless access points for exchange of information. While vehicles move along the road infrastructure, they change their point of attachment from one wireless access point to another wireless access point. During this process, connectivity to the access point breaks down until the vehicle is connected to a new access point in its area. This disconnection causes an interruption in the data flow. This interruption increases when vehicle requires a new IP address, i.e. when the vehicle is going to attach to an access point which is part of another network. In this thesis report, we give an overview of standard handover methods and their enhancements and propose a fast handover scheme for layer 3 of the communication stack. Based on the assumption that vehicles know their route in advance, we enhance the handover process and improve seamless connectivity. We also discuss different issues which are the cause of delay and how they can be overcome in our proposed solution.

Next Generation networks (3G and beyond) are evolving towards all IP based systems with the aim to provide global coverage. For Mobility in IP based networks, Mobile IPv6 is considered as a standard by both industry and research community, but this mobility protocol has some reliability issues. There are a number of elements that can interrupt the communication between Mobile Node (MN) and Corresponding Node (CN), however the scope of this research is limited to the following issues only: • Reliability of Mobility Protocol • Home Agent Management • Handovers • Path failures between MN and CN First entity that can disrupt Mobile IPv6 based communication is the Mobility Anchor point itself, i.e. Home Agent. Reliability of Home Agent is addressed first because if this mobility agent is not reliable there would be no reliability of mobile communication. Next scenario where mobile communication can get disrupted is created by MN itself and it is due to its mobility. When a MN moves around, at some point it will be out of range of its active base station and at the same time it may enter the coverage area of another base station. In such a situation, the MN should perform a handover, which is a very slow process. This handover delay is reduced by introducing a “make before break” style handover in IP network. Another situation in which the Mobile IPv6 based communication can fail is when there is a path failure between MN and CN. This situation can be addressed by utilizing multiple interfaces of MN at the same time. One such protocol which can utilize multiple interfaces is SHIM6 but it was not designed to work on mobile node. It was designed for core networks but after some modification in the protocol , it can be deployed on mobile nodes. In this thesis, these issues related to reliability of IPv6 based mobile communication have been addressed.

NOGUEIRA, Antonia Diana Braga. Uma proposta de integração das redes UMTS e IEEE 802.11 com suporte a mobilidade. 2007. 112 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em ciência da computação)- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 2007. / Submitted by Elineudson Ribeiro (elineudsonr@gmail.com) on 2016-07-08T18:49:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_dis_adbnogueira.pdf: 13756193 bytes, checksum: bb4a338bd2622ad6f90479ce37824ccd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rocilda Sales (rocilda@ufc.br) on 2016-07-18T13:41:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_dis_adbnogueira.pdf: 13756193 bytes, checksum: bb4a338bd2622ad6f90479ce37824ccd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T13:41:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_dis_adbnogueira.pdf: 13756193 bytes, checksum: bb4a338bd2622ad6f90479ce37824ccd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) IEEE 802.11 reach relatively high data transmission rates when compared to other wireless networks, such as Bluetooth. These high data transmission rates have gained attention from the cellular networks operators, which have been considering IEEE 802.11 networks as a complement to their access networks. This interoperability between cellular systems and WLANs has been frequently discussed in the literature. For example, 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project) has defined six levels for the complete integration of the third generation cellular networks and WLANs. However, the mobility support has not been specified yet, which is necessary to make feasible voice and data transmission transparence for the final users. Thus, this work presents two approaches for the mobility management of the integration between UMTS and IEEE 802.11 networks: the first one is based on SIP (Session Initiation Protocol), and the other one is based on MIPv6 (Mobile IP version 6). This proposal extends the Loose Interworking architecture and uses the fourth level of the 3GPP specification. First, these approaches are modeled using sequence diagrams and, then, they are mapped to the SDL (Specification and Description Language) formal description technique. SDL, which is largely used to formally specify telecommunications systems, presents simulation and validation procedures that are applied to evaluate the specification and, consequently, the proposed approaches. / As redes locais sem fio (Wireless Local Area Networks - WLANs) IEEE 802.11 atingem taxas de transmissão de dados relativamente altas quando comparadas `a outras redes sem fio, por exemplo, Bluetooth. Essas altas taxas de transmissãao têm interessado as operadoras de redes celulares, as quais começam a ver as redes IEEE 802.11 como um complemento as suas redes de acesso. Esta interoperabilidade entre sistemas celulares e WLANs tem sido um tema bastante discutido na literatura. Por exemplo, o 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project) define seis n´ıveis para a total integração das redes celulares de terceira geração com as redes locais sem fio. No entanto, a integração com suporte a mobilidade ainda não foi especificada, o que é necessário para viabilizar a transparência de transmissão de voz e dados para os usuários finais. Esta dissertação apresenta então duas abordagens para o gerenciamento de mobilidade na integração do sistema 3G UMTS com as redes IEEE 802.11: uma baseada no SIP (Session Initiation Protocol ) e a outra no MIP versão 6 (Mobile IP version 6 - MIPv6). A proposta estende a arquitetura Loose Interworking e utiliza os requisitos do nível 4 do 3GPP. Para especificar a proposta, as abordagens de integração das redes UMTS e IEEE 802.11 foram modeladas em diagramas de seqüência e, em seguida, mapeadas para a técnica de descrição formal SDL (Specification and Description Language). SDL, que é bastante utilizada para especificar formalmente sistemas de telecomunicações, apresenta procedimentos de simulação e validação que são aplicados para avaliar a especificação e, em conseqüência, as abordagens propostas.

NOGUEIRA, Antonia Diana Braga. Uma proposta de integração das redes UMTS e IEEE 802.11 com suporte a mobilidade. 2007. 91 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências, Departamento de Computação, Fortaleza-CE, 2007. / Submitted by guaracy araujo (guaraa3355@gmail.com) on 2016-05-30T19:51:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_dis_adbnogueira.pdf: 13756193 bytes, checksum: bb4a338bd2622ad6f90479ce37824ccd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by guaracy araujo (guaraa3355@gmail.com) on 2016-05-30T19:52:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_dis_adbnogueira.pdf: 13756193 bytes, checksum: bb4a338bd2622ad6f90479ce37824ccd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-30T19:52:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_dis_adbnogueira.pdf: 13756193 bytes, checksum: bb4a338bd2622ad6f90479ce37824ccd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) IEEE 802.11 reach relatively high data transmission rates when compared to other wireless networks, such as Bluetooth. These high data transmission rates have gained attention from the cellular networks operators, which have been considering IEEE 802.11 networks as a complement to their access networks. This interoperability between cellular systems and WLANs has been frequently discussed in the literature. For example, 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project) has defined six levels for the complete integration of the third generation cellular networks and WLANs. However, the mobility support has not been specified yet, which is necessary to make feasible voice and data transmission transparence for the final users. Thus, this work presents two approaches for the mobility management of the integration between UMTS and IEEE 802.11 networks: the first one is based on SIP (Session Initiation Protocol), and the other one is based on MIPv6 (Mobile IP version 6). This proposal extends the Loose Interworking architecture and uses the fourth level of the 3GPP specification. First, these approaches are modeled using sequence diagrams and, then, they are mapped to the SDL (Specification and Description Language) formal description technique. SDL, which is largely used to formally specify telecommunications systems, presents simulation and validation procedures that are applied to evaluate the specification and, consequently, the proposed approaches. / As redes locais sem fio (Wireless Local Area Networks - WLANs) IEEE 802.11 atingem taxas de transmissão de dados relativamente altas quando comparadas `a outras redes sem fio, por exemplo, Bluetooth. Essas altas taxas de transmissãao têm interessado as operadoras de redes celulares, as quais começam a ver as redes IEEE 802.11 como um complemento as suas redes de acesso. Esta interoperabilidade entre sistemas celulares e WLANs tem sido um tema bastante discutido na literatura. Por exemplo, o 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project) define seis n´ıveis para a total integração das redes celulares de terceira geração com as redes locais sem fio. No entanto, a integração com suporte a mobilidade ainda não foi especificada, o que é necessário para viabilizar a transparência de transmissão de voz e dados para os usuários finais. Esta dissertação apresenta então duas abordagens para o gerenciamento de mobilidade na integração do sistema 3G UMTS com as redes IEEE 802.11: uma baseada no SIP (Session Initiation Protocol ) e a outra no MIP versão 6 (Mobile IP version 6 - MIPv6). A proposta estende a arquitetura Loose Interworking e utiliza os requisitos do nível 4 do 3GPP. Para especificar a proposta, as abordagens de integração das redes UMTS e IEEE 802.11 foram modeladas em diagramas de seqüência e, em seguida, mapeadas para a técnica de descrição formal SDL (Specification and Description Language). SDL, que é bastante utilizada para especificar formalmente sistemas de telecomunicações, apresenta procedimentos de simulação e validação que são aplicados para avaliar a especificação e, em conseqüência, as abordagens propostas.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / As redes locais sem fio (Wireless Local Area Networks - WLANs) IEEE 802.11 atingem taxas de transmissÃo de dados relativamente altas quando comparadas `a outras redes sem fio, por exemplo, Bluetooth. Essas altas taxas de transmissÃao tÃm interessado as operadoras de redes celulares, as quais comeÃam a ver as redes IEEE 802.11 como um complemento as suas redes de acesso. Esta interoperabilidade entre sistemas celulares e WLANs tem sido um tema bastante discutido na literatura. Por exemplo, o 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project) define seis nÂ&#305;veis para a total integraÃÃo das redes celulares de terceira geraÃÃo com as redes locais sem fio. No entanto, a integraÃÃo com suporte a mobilidade ainda nÃo foi especificada, o que à necessÃrio para viabilizar a transparÃncia de transmissÃo de voz e dados para os usuÃrios finais. Esta dissertaÃÃo apresenta entÃo duas abordagens para o gerenciamento de mobilidade na integraÃÃo do sistema 3G UMTS com as redes IEEE 802.11: uma baseada no SIP (Session Initiation Protocol ) e a outra no MIP versÃo 6 (Mobile IP version 6 - MIPv6). A proposta estende a arquitetura Loose Interworking e utiliza os requisitos do nÃvel 4 do 3GPP. Para especificar a proposta, as abordagens de integraÃÃo das redes UMTS e IEEE 802.11 foram modeladas em diagramas de seqÃÃncia e, em seguida, mapeadas para a tÃcnica de descriÃÃo formal SDL (Specification and Description Language). SDL, que à bastante utilizada para especificar formalmente sistemas de telecomunicaÃÃes, apresenta procedimentos de simulaÃÃo e validaÃÃo que sÃo aplicados para avaliar a especificaÃÃo e, em conseqÃÃncia, as abordagens propostas. / Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) IEEE 802.11 reach relatively high data transmission rates when compared to other wireless networks, such as Bluetooth. These high data transmission rates have gained attention from the cellular networks operators, which have been considering IEEE 802.11 networks as a complement to their access networks. This interoperability between cellular systems and WLANs has been frequently discussed in the literature. For example, 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project) has defined six levels for the complete integration of the third generation cellular networks and WLANs. However, the mobility support has not been specified yet, which is necessary to make feasible voice and data transmission transparence for the final users. Thus, this work presents two approaches for the mobility management of the integration between UMTS and IEEE 802.11 networks: the first one is based on SIP (Session Initiation Protocol), and the other one is based on MIPv6 (Mobile IP version 6). This proposal extends the Loose Interworking architecture and uses the fourth level of the 3GPP specification. First, these approaches are modeled using sequence diagrams and, then, they are mapped to the SDL (Specification and Description Language) formal description technique. SDL, which is largely used to formally specify telecommunications systems, presents simulation and validation procedures that are applied to evaluate the specification and, consequently, the proposed approaches.

A l'origine conçus pour protéger le protocole de Découverte de Voisins (Neighbor Discovery Protocol, NDP) en IPv6, les adresses générées de manière cryptographique (Cryptographically Generated Addresses, CGA) et le protocole SEND (Secure Neighbor Discovery) doivent maintenant s'adapter au contexte de mobilité et à ses nouvelles fonctionnalités. Cette mobilité revêt de nombreuses formes : mobilité du noeud (Mobile IPv6, MIPv6), mobilité des routeurs (Network Mobility, NEMO) ou encore mobilité gérée par le réseau (Proxy Mobile IPv6). De nombreux changements doivent être opérés dans le protocole SEND : les opérations cryptographiques doivent être allégées pour les terminaux à faible capacité de calcul, les incompatibilités entre le partage d'adresse dans les protocoles de mobilité et le mécanisme de protection d'adresses de SEND doivent être corrigés, etc. Dans une première partie de cette thèse, nous présentons le protocole de Découverte de Voisins, les adresses CGA et le protocole de sécurité SEND. Nous étudions leurs limitations et, afin d'améliorer les performances, nous proposons l'utilisation de la cryptographie basée sur les courbes elliptiques (ECC). À travers une série de tests, nous mesurons l'impact de notre proposition. Par la suite, nous modifions les spécifications du protocole SEND afin de supporter de nouveaux algorithmes crytpographiques. Dans une deuxième partie, nous résolvons les incompatibilités entre le protocole SEND et les protocoles de mobilité (par ex. MIPv6) et entre le protocole SEND et les adresses anycast. Dans une dernière partie, nous présentons plusieurs contributions basées sur une utilisation dérivée des adresses CGA et du protocole SEND.

Master’s thesis includes knowledges about mobility support in IPv4 networks and studies abilities for mobility support in IPv6 networks. Describes protocols for mobility support, their functions and topologies like MIPv6 (RFC 3775), FMIPv6 (RFC 5568), HMIPv6 (RFC 5380) and F-HMIPv6. The thesis contains a design of the simulation MIPv6 in the OPNET Modeler program and the measured results are explained. There are analysis of source code for mobility support in MIPv6 too, which were used for design a new protocol according to FMIPv6 in the OPNET. The following parts of the proposal have been successfully resolved. The link-layer events detection, which triggers FMIPv6 protocol and implementation of two new types of messages, RtSolPr and PrRtAdv. Knowledges from this thesis could be used for next development of FMIPv6 in the OPNET. But could be used for generaly development new protocols working at network-layer too.

A iminente implantação do IPv6, pode ser uma solução para o crescente uso de dispositivos móveis, para ensejar a mobilidade e para solucionar problemas derivados do esgotamento de endereços IPv4. Contudo, para o provimento de mobilidade é necessário garantir conectividade ao usuário, permitindo uma utilização continuada de seus dispositivos quando em movimento, sem que ocorra a perda de conexão, de forma segura e transparente. Isto não é possível com a arquitetura TCP/IP atualmente implementada nas redes que estão operacionais, mesmo que utilizem o protocolo IPv6. Neste sentido, este trabalho visa estudar as propostas mais expressivas no provimento de mobilidade sobre IPv6, com vistas a evidenciar suas características e funcionalidades. Apresenta como resultado, uma análise desses protocolos, em especial no que tange ao tempo de troca de rede (handover) e facilidade de implementação. / The imminent deployment of IPv6, may be a solution to the growing use of mobile devices, to bring mobility and to solve problems arising from the exhaustion of IPv4 addresses. However, to provide mobility is necessary ensure connectivity for the user, allowing continued use of their devices while on the move, without loss of connection, securely and transparently. This is not possible with the TCP/IP architecture currently deployed in networks that are operating, even if used the IPv6 protocol. Thus, this work aims to study the most significant proposals in the provision of mobile IPv6, in order to contrast their features and functionalities. Presents as result, an analysis of these protocols, especially with respect to time network exchange (handover) and ease of implementation.