L’intégration logicielle avec les nouvelles architectures réseau via l’axe SDN (Software-Defined Network) apparaît comme une évolution majeure des réseaux. Bien que ce paradigme ait été principalement développé pour faciliter la configuration du réseau, sa capacité à intégrer les services doit également être prise en compte. Ainsi, le service de mobilité pour lequel des solutions ont été proposées dans des architectures classiques en définissant des protocoles normalisés devrait être repensé en termes de service SDN. Les appareils mobiles peuvent utiliser ou se déplacer dans le réseau SDN. Dans cette thèse, nous avons propose une nouvelle approche de gestion de la mobilité appelée "SDN-Mobility" et montré que SDN peut alors sans protocole de mobilité IP fournir une mobilité comme Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) qui est la solution adoptée par 3GPP, avec un gain de performance. Toutefois, PMIPv6 et SDN-Mobility présentent des pertes de paquets lors du transfert du noeud mobile (MN). Ainsi, dans cette thèse, nous avons proposé un nouveau paradigme basé sur la fonction de mise en cache pour améliorer la qualité du transfert lors du déplacement du mobile. La stratégie de mise en cache coopère avec le contrôleur SDN pour la mise en mémoire tampon automatique des données pendant le transfert. Nous avons proposé deux politiques de mise en cache qui sont comparées à travers une analyse de performance concernant la qualité du transfert pour l’utilisateur et pour l’opérateur. Cette thèse a également présenté que SDN-Mobility avec la politique de mise en cache peut être facilement appliquée pour gérer la mobilité dans des architectures de réseau hétérogènes capables d’intégrer le futur Internet basé sur les réseaux centrés sur l’information (ICN). / The software integration with new network architectures via Software-Defined Networking (SDN) axis appears to be a major evolution of networks. While this paradigm was primarily developed for easy network setup, its ability to integrate services has also to be considered. Thus, the mobility service for which solutions have been proposed in conventional architectures by defining standardized protocols should be rethought in terms of SDN service. Mobile devices might use or move in SDN network. In this thesis, we proposed a new mobility management approach which called "SDN-Mobility" and has shown that SDN can be implemented without IP mobility protocol for providing mobility like as Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) that is the solution adopted by 3GPP, with some performance gain. However, PMIPv6 and SDN-Mobility have some packets loss during Mobile Node (MN) handover. Thus, in this thesis, we proposed a new paradigm based on caching function to improve the quality of transfer during handover. Caching policy cooperates with SDN controller for automatic buffering of the data during the handover. We proposed two caching policies that are compared through a performance analysis regarding the quality of transfer for the user and for the operator. This thesis also presented that SDN-Mobility with caching policy can be applied easily for mobility management in heterogeneous network architectures able to integrate the future Internet based on the Information-Centric Networking (ICN).

The software integration with new network architectures via Software-Defined Networking (SDN) axis appears to be a major evolution of networks. While this paradigm was primarily developed for easy network setup, its ability to integrate services has also to be considered. Thus, the mobility service for which solutions have been proposed in conventional architectures by defining standardized protocols should be rethought in terms of SDN service. Mobile devices might use or move in SDN network. In this thesis, we proposed a new mobility management approach which called "SDN-Mobility" and has shown that SDN can be implemented without IP mobility protocol for providing mobility like as Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) that is the solution adopted by 3GPP, with some performance gain. However, PMIPv6 and SDN-Mobility have some packets loss during Mobile Node (MN) handover. Thus, in this thesis, we proposed a new paradigm based on caching function to improve the quality of transfer during handover. Caching policy cooperates with SDN controller for automatic buffering of the data during the handover. We proposed two caching policies that are compared through a performance analysis regarding the quality of transfer for the user and for the operator. This thesis also presented that SDN-Mobility with caching policy can be applied easily for mobility management in heterogeneous network architectures able to integrate the future Internet based on the Information-Centric Networking (ICN).

No / Satellite communication with its world-wide coverage has now become an indispensable part of the Aeronautical communication. Support for high-speed Internet access by the new generation satellite systems has made the provision of IP-based multimedia applications on-board the aircraft possible at all times. Considering the expensive nature of satellite resources, IP multicast can provide a cost-effective and bandwidth saving means of delivering real-time group communication and streaming media to air passengers and crew during a flight. In IP multicast communication, traffic from the source travels along the established multicast tree to reach all group members. For mobile receivers like the aircraft which may move from one satellite beam to another, then special techniques are required to ensure that a branch of the multicast tree follows the mobile receiver into the target beam. This paper proposes a novel technique based on the Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) protocol to support IP multicast receiver mobility over satellite networks for an aircraft as it moves and changes its point of attachment from one satellite gateway (GW) to another. Performance evaluation shows that the proposed scheme is better than the Mobile IPv6-based approach in terms of GW handover (GWH) latency and number of packets lost during GWH.

No / New generation of satellite systems with on-board processing (switching/routing) and support for multiple spot beams will play a key role in the provision of mobile and ubiquitous Internet-based communications. To achieve this `anywhere anytime' communication in a global multi-beam satellite network with many gateways (GWs), the challenges of beam, gateway and satellite handovers faced by the satellite terminals mounted on mobile platforms such as long haul flights, global maritime vessels and continental trains must be adequately dealt with. Network-based localised mobility protocol proxy mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) where the IP mobility procedures are relocated from the mobile nodes to the network components has been defined by the IETF for terrestrial networks. This paper proposes how the concept of PMIPv6 could be used to support IP mobility in a mesh regenerative multi-beam satellite network. What makes this proposed approach different from that defined by the IETF is the absence of tunnelling throughout the system and the difference in the roles played by the mobility agents.

Les travaux décrits dans cette thèse de doctorat visent à traiter les futures architectures de fourniture de services mobiles basés sur le cloud, à travers l'évolution des infrastructures réseau partant de Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) au Mobile Edge Computing (MEC). Nous nous sommes essentiellement concentrés sur le concept Follow Me Cloud (FMC) comme une nouvelle stratégie de fourniture de services pour une meilleure expérience utilisateur et une utilisation efficace des ressources. Cela permet aux services basés sur le cloud de "suivre" leurs utilisateurs mobiles au cours de leurs déplacements à travers les technologies de réseau d'accès, tout en fournissant le service basé sur le cloud via le point de service le plus optimal au sein de l'infrastructure cloud. Plusieurs contributions sont proposées dans cette thèse, avec des évaluations à la fois en analyse théorique et en simulation scientifique.Premièrement, nous avons proposé une architecture alternative FMC qui permet: (i) d'ouvrir la conception FMC sur les technologies d'accès réseau mobile non-3GPP (ii) d'assurer l'interopérabilité entre différents domaines PMIPv6 permettant au MN une itinérance inter-domaines PMIPv6 avec une mobilité IP transparente ainsi qu'une continuité de session de service.(iii) d'offrir une architecture sans tunnel dans les situations d'itinérance de MN, en évitant ainsi toute surcharge supplémentaire liée aux tunnels dans la gestion de la mobilité. Le schéma proposé exploite la technologie SDN/OpenFlow et le protocole de gestion de la mobilité PMIPv6 en les intégrant dans un unique framework permettant de réaliser la vision FMC.Deuxièmement, pour aborder les problèmes d'évolutivité et de résilience dans les architectures SDN/OpenFlow centralisées de plan de contrôle, nous avons introduit une nouvelle conception d'un contrôleur SDN élastique et distribué adapté pour MCC et plus particulièrement pour les systèmes de gestion FMC. Nous avons illustré comment le nouveau schéma de plan de contrôle est distribué sur une architecture hiérarchique à deux niveaux, un premier niveau avec un seul contrôleur SDN global et un second niveau avec plusieurs contrôleurs SDN locaux. Ensuite, nous avons présenté les éléments constitutifs de notre nouvel framework de plan contrôle, le calcul de l'indicateur de performance (KPI) du système, et nous avons fixé l'objectif clé de notre conception visant à maintenir la valeur KPI du système dans une fenêtre de seuil prédéfinie. Enfin, nous avons démontré comment cet objectif est atteint en adaptant dynamiquement le nombre et l'emplacement des contrôleurs SDN locaux en utilisant la technologie NFV pour provisionner les contrôleurs SDN en tant que instances VNF (fonction réseau virtuelle) dans le cloud.Troisièmement, nous avons introduit le concept FMeC, exploitant les capacités offertes par la combinaison des architectures MEC et FMC dans le but de satisfaire aux exigences des systèmes automobiles 5G. Nous avons commencé par définir les éléments clés du concept FMeC permettant de fournir la technologie FMC en bordure des réseaux mobiles. Ensuite, nous avons présenté une projection de notre solution FMeC sur un cas d'utilisation de conduite automatisée intégrant l'industrie automobile aux infrastructures Telecom en vue de la vision automobile 5G future. Avec une focalisation sur les types de communications V2I/N, nous avons présenté la conception de notre architecture FMeC basée sur les technologies SDN/OpenFlow et les entités de l'infrastructure MEC dont les ressources sont mises en commun pour fournir un cloud de bordure fédéré. Enfin, nous avons présenté notre framework sensible à la mobilité pour le placement des services dans le cloud de bordure, ce dernier est fondé sur un ensemble d'algorithmes de base qui permettent d'atteindre les exigences de QoS de la conduite automatisée en termes de latence ultra-courte au sein du réseau 5G. / This Ph.D. thesis aims to deal with the future delivery architectures of mobile cloud-based services, through network infrastructures evolving from Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) to Mobile Edge Computing (MEC). We mainly focused on Follow Me Cloud (FMC) concept as a new service delivery strategy for improved user experience and efficient resource utilization. That enables cloud-based services to follow their mobile users during their movement across access network technologies and by delivering the cloud-service via the optimal service point inside the cloud infrastructure. Several contributions are proposed in this thesis and evaluated in both theoretical analysis and scientific simulation.First, we proposed an alternative FMC architecture that allows: (i) to open the FMC design on non-3GPP mobile network access technologies (ii) to provide interoperability among different PMIPv6 domains permitting MNs inter-PMIPv6 domain roaming with seamless IP mobility and service session continuity (iii) to offer a tunnel-free architecture in MNs roaming situation, avoiding any additional overhead associated with tunneling in mobility management. This proposed scheme leverage SDN/OpenFlow technology and PMIPv6 mobility management protocol by integrating them within a framework permitting to realize the FMC vision.Second, to address the scalability and resiliency concerns in centralized SDN/OpenFlow control plane architecture, we introduced a new design of an elastic distributed SDN controller tailored for Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) and more notably for Follow Me Cloud (FMC) management systems. We illustrated how the new control plane scheme is distributed on two-level hierarchical architecture, a first level with a single global SDN controller and a second level with several local SDN controllers. Then, we presented the building blocks of our novel control plane framework, the system Key Performance Indicator (KPI) computation and set the key objective of our design aiming to keep the system KPI value within a predefined threshold window. Last, we proved how this goal is achieved by adapting the number of local SDN controllers and their locations in an elastic manner and deploying them as VNF instances on the cloud thanks to NFV technology.Third, we introduced FMeC concept, leveraging the intertwining of MEC and FMC architectures with the aim of sustaining requirements of the 5G automotive systems. We began by defining FMeC key concept elements permitting to provide FMC technology at the edge of mobile networks. Then, we presented an automated driving use case projection of our FMeC solution integrating automotive with Telco infrastructures towards the future 5G automotive vision. Focusing on the V2I/N communications types, we introduced our FMeC design architecture based on SDN/OpenFlow technologies and MEC infrastructure entities whose resources are pooled together to provide a federated edge clouds. Finally, we presented our mobility-aware framework for edge-cloud service placement based on a set of basic algorithms that permit achieving the automated driving QoS requirements in terms of ultra-short latency within 5G network.

A iminente implantação do IPv6, pode ser uma solução para o crescente uso de dispositivos móveis, para ensejar a mobilidade e para solucionar problemas derivados do esgotamento de endereços IPv4. Contudo, para o provimento de mobilidade é necessário garantir conectividade ao usuário, permitindo uma utilização continuada de seus dispositivos quando em movimento, sem que ocorra a perda de conexão, de forma segura e transparente. Isto não é possível com a arquitetura TCP/IP atualmente implementada nas redes que estão operacionais, mesmo que utilizem o protocolo IPv6. Neste sentido, este trabalho visa estudar as propostas mais expressivas no provimento de mobilidade sobre IPv6, com vistas a evidenciar suas características e funcionalidades. Apresenta como resultado, uma análise desses protocolos, em especial no que tange ao tempo de troca de rede (handover) e facilidade de implementação. / The imminent deployment of IPv6, may be a solution to the growing use of mobile devices, to bring mobility and to solve problems arising from the exhaustion of IPv4 addresses. However, to provide mobility is necessary ensure connectivity for the user, allowing continued use of their devices while on the move, without loss of connection, securely and transparently. This is not possible with the TCP/IP architecture currently deployed in networks that are operating, even if used the IPv6 protocol. Thus, this work aims to study the most significant proposals in the provision of mobile IPv6, in order to contrast their features and functionalities. Presents as result, an analysis of these protocols, especially with respect to time network exchange (handover) and ease of implementation.

Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à la mise en œuvre de Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) dans les réseaux sans fil hétérogènes, dont la topologie peut être arbitraire et spontanée. Nous proposons d'abord le concept de groupe autonome ou "cluster" qui permet le passage à l'échelle des réseaux. Ensuite nous proposons des extensions à PMIPv6, appelée Scalable Proxy Mobile IPv6 (SPMIPv6), qui prennent en compte de l'architecture en clusters au travers de l'interaction entre de multiples Local Mobility Anchors (LMAs). Nous évaluons l'aptitude à supporter le passage à l'échelle de SPMIPv6 dans un contexte de réseau maillé sans fil en faisant varier sa taille, la vitesse moyenne et la densité des terminaux mobiles. En outre, nous proposons des méthodes pour l'optimisation du routage dans SPMIPv6 pour réduire les latences des communications. Nous introduisons également un mécanisme de détection de mouvements des terminaux mobiles qui prend en compte de l'hétérogénéité des technologies d'accès. Nous implémentons l'ensemble des propositions sous Linux dans un environnement virtualisé. Nous expérimentons différents scénarios dans le mode émulation ainsi qu'en vrai grandeur pour évaluer des mesures différentes telle que le coût de signalisation, la latence de handover, la perte de paquets, le temps aller-retour (RTT), et variation de débit. Finalement, nous adressons le contexte de multi-domiciliation en proposant un concept appelé virtual Stream Control Transmission Protocol (vSCTP) et l'appliquons à l'architecture PMIPv6. Les premières simulations sous Ns-2 laissent entrevoir des bénéfices pour les scénarios d'agrégation de bande passante et les scénarios d'équilibrage de charge.

The inherent broadcast nature of satellites, their global coverage and direct access to a large number of subscribers give satellites unrivalled advantages in supporting IP multicast applications. A new generation of satellite systems that support regenerative on-board processors and multiple spot beam technology have opened new possibilities of implementing IP multicast communication over satellites. These new features enable satellites to make efficient use of their allocated bandwidth resources and provide cost effective network services but equally, create new challenges for mobile satellite terminals. IP mobility support in general and IP mobile multicast support in particular on mobile satellite terminals like the ones mounted on continental flights, maritime vessels, etc., still remain big challenges that have received very little attention from the research community. Up till now, there are no proposed mechanisms to support IP multicast for mobile receivers/sources in multi-beam satellite networks in open literature. This study explores the suitability of IP multicast mobility support schemes defined for terrestrial networks in a satellite environment and proposes novel schemes based on the concepts of Home and Remote subscription-based approaches, multiple interface and PMIPv6 protocol. Detailed analysis and comparison of results obtained from the proposed schemes, Mobile IP (MIP) Home and Remote subscription-based approaches (for terrestrial networks) when implemented on a reference multi-beam satellite network are presented. From these results, the proposed schemes outperform the MIP Home and Remote subscription-based approaches in terms of gateway handover latency, number of multicast packets lost and signalling cost over the satellite air interface.

A iminente implantação do IPv6, pode ser uma solução para o crescente uso de dispositivos móveis, para ensejar a mobilidade e para solucionar problemas derivados do esgotamento de endereços IPv4. Contudo, para o provimento de mobilidade é necessário garantir conectividade ao usuário, permitindo uma utilização continuada de seus dispositivos quando em movimento, sem que ocorra a perda de conexão, de forma segura e transparente. Isto não é possível com a arquitetura TCP/IP atualmente implementada nas redes que estão operacionais, mesmo que utilizem o protocolo IPv6. Neste sentido, este trabalho visa estudar as propostas mais expressivas no provimento de mobilidade sobre IPv6, com vistas a evidenciar suas características e funcionalidades. Apresenta como resultado, uma análise desses protocolos, em especial no que tange ao tempo de troca de rede (handover) e facilidade de implementação. / The imminent deployment of IPv6, may be a solution to the growing use of mobile devices, to bring mobility and to solve problems arising from the exhaustion of IPv4 addresses. However, to provide mobility is necessary ensure connectivity for the user, allowing continued use of their devices while on the move, without loss of connection, securely and transparently. This is not possible with the TCP/IP architecture currently deployed in networks that are operating, even if used the IPv6 protocol. Thus, this work aims to study the most significant proposals in the provision of mobile IPv6, in order to contrast their features and functionalities. Presents as result, an analysis of these protocols, especially with respect to time network exchange (handover) and ease of implementation.

A iminente implantação do IPv6, pode ser uma solução para o crescente uso de dispositivos móveis, para ensejar a mobilidade e para solucionar problemas derivados do esgotamento de endereços IPv4. Contudo, para o provimento de mobilidade é necessário garantir conectividade ao usuário, permitindo uma utilização continuada de seus dispositivos quando em movimento, sem que ocorra a perda de conexão, de forma segura e transparente. Isto não é possível com a arquitetura TCP/IP atualmente implementada nas redes que estão operacionais, mesmo que utilizem o protocolo IPv6. Neste sentido, este trabalho visa estudar as propostas mais expressivas no provimento de mobilidade sobre IPv6, com vistas a evidenciar suas características e funcionalidades. Apresenta como resultado, uma análise desses protocolos, em especial no que tange ao tempo de troca de rede (handover) e facilidade de implementação. / The imminent deployment of IPv6, may be a solution to the growing use of mobile devices, to bring mobility and to solve problems arising from the exhaustion of IPv4 addresses. However, to provide mobility is necessary ensure connectivity for the user, allowing continued use of their devices while on the move, without loss of connection, securely and transparently. This is not possible with the TCP/IP architecture currently deployed in networks that are operating, even if used the IPv6 protocol. Thus, this work aims to study the most significant proposals in the provision of mobile IPv6, in order to contrast their features and functionalities. Presents as result, an analysis of these protocols, especially with respect to time network exchange (handover) and ease of implementation.